KMJ16303

GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

FIELD NOTES

NAME : ___________________________
MATRIX NO: ________________
GROUP : ________________
 STUDENT INFORMATION

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Course : _____________________________________________________________

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INTRODUCTION TO LAB PROCEDURES

FIELD NOTES

Most of the assignments in this lab will be carried out in the field. A record of each field
assignment shall be kept in your field notes.

Each field notes entry shall include, at minimum, the following information:

 Page Numbers
 Lab Title
 Field Measurements
 Group Name
 Group Member
 Calculations
 Weather Conditions & Ground Cover
 Date of Field Work
 Procedure
 List of Equipment Used
 Sketch (including, At Min.: North Arrow, Scale or Indicate Not To Scale, Adequate
Information to show the location of work)

LAB GROUP

Each GROUP will be assigned to a 3 to 5-person. A group leader should be appointed for
each lab assignment. The group leader will be in charge of that particular lab and will be
responsible for checking out and returning the equipment at the end of the lab session.

SURVEY EQUIPMENT

Equipment for each lab assignment will be checked out at the beginning of the lab and
checked back in when the assignment is finished. Some important things to remember about
the use and care of the equipment are as follows:

1. Some of the equipment we will use is very expensive and quite sensitive, great care
should be taken to protect the equipment from damage.
2. Instruments should be transported in their cases when taken to and from the field.
3. These instruments may be carried on the tripod from station to station as long as they
are held vertically at all times.
4. Malfunctioning equipment should be reported to the instructor

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FIELD WORKS

There are 6 fieldworks assignment/ laboratories

1. To measure distance using taping exercises

2. To undertake a levelling survey
3. To undertake angles measurement
4. To carry out traverse surveys using total station
5. Contour map production and to calculate areas and volumes using cut and fill method
6. To determine the station levels, locations and areas using Global Positioning System
(GPS) application

LAB REPORT

Lab Report should consist of:

1. Introduction and Theory

2. Objectives
3. List of Equipment
4. Experimental Procedures
5. Result and Calculation
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
8. Reference
9. Questions and Answer

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 FIELDWORK 1: DISTANCE MEASUREMENT USING TAPING

1.0 OBJECTIVES

 To gain proficiency in the use of tape for measuring horizontal and slope distances.
 To lessen the impact of errors in the measurement to provide an accurate and precise
measurement.

2.0 EQUIPMENTS

 Tape
 Notebook

3.0 FIELDWORK INSTRUCTION

Using taping procedures

Measure the distance between points as instructed and determine the precision of
measurement.

4.0 QUESTIONS
i. Name six methods of measuring distances and list advantages and disadvantages of
each.
ii. State the advantages of taping over Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) and
Global Positioning System (GPS).
iii. How do random and systematic errors differ?

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 EXAMPLE
TAPING LAB SHEET

RESULT
Date :_________________________
Weather :_________________________
Group :_________________________
Observer :_________________________

Line Distance Precision

(∆L/Mean)
Forward Backward

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 FIELDWORK 2: LEVELLING

1.0 OBJECTIVES:

 To understanding and setting up of equipment

 To apply levelling techniques/procedures, booking and adjustment techniques.
 To determine the Reduce Level of different points on the ground and prepare the ground
profile.
 To understanding and minimisation of errors in levelling.

2.0 EQUIPMENTS

 Auto Level
 Staves
 Tripod
 Tape
 Notebook

Fig 2.1: Autolevel and Stave

3.0 FIELDWORK INSTRUCTION AND METHOD

Each team will be assigned to determine the RL of the assigned location. So that each team
will run a leveling works from the nearest TBM. The RL for the TBM is 47.543 m from MSL.

1. Setting up the tripod at firm ground

2. Centre the circular bubble on the auto level
3. Remove the parallax
4. Placing the staff at TBM and perform the leveling survey
5. Booking the leveling survey using one of the methods
a. Height of collimation method
b. Rise and fall method
6. Check the result (Arithmetic check)
7. Calculate the misclosure and correct the reading
8. Draw the profile of the ground surface through the points
4.0 QUESTIONS

i. What are benchmarks?

ii. Differentiate between rise and fall and height of collimation method in booking
iii. Why it is necessary to keep sight length as equal as possible when leveling?
iv. Why the line of sight of measurement should always higher than 0.5 m? Explain.
v. Explain how a stable set up of the level may be achieved on soft soil such as in a
swamp.
 EXAMPLE SHEET
LEVELING

Date : Note Keeper :

Day : Observer :
Weather : Group:

Staff reading at station Difference

Station Distance BS IS FS HI Rise Fall RL Remark

 FIELDWORK 3: ANGLE & DISTANCE MEASUREMENT

1.0 OBJECTIVES

 To familiarize with using a Theodolite to measure horizontal angles, horizontal

distances and height differences

 To familiarize working with angle expressed in degree (o), minutes (‘) and second (“)
format

2.0 EQUIPMENTS

 Tape
 Theodolite

3.0 FIELDWORK INSTRUCTION

Each team will be assigned to do a traversing around an agricultural plot starting at Point B
with coordinate (1000 mN, 1000 mE).
1. Select a suitable spot (e.g. shady and of the way) near the surveying and place and nail or
peg into the ground.
2. Assuming the peg/nail as a traverse station, setup the equipment above the peg/nail and
consider this as your Point B.
3. Setup a station as minimum as possible so each line of sight can be seen from each station.
4. Switch the instrument
5. Two sighting markers/pegs, each represent forward and back stations, will be established.
Labelling the back station as Point A and forward station and Point 3, observe the angle
ABC.
6. Ensure the equipment is in Face Left [1st]
7. Aims at the prism on Point A and set the horizontal reading = 100o 00’00”
8. Write down your value in the Table.
9. Rotate the theodolite clockwise or anticlockwise towards Point C. Aim the prism on Point
C and record the horizontal reading.
10. Change to Face Right [2nd]
11. Observe the prism on Point A and set Horizontal Reading = 280o00’00”.
12. Observe the prism on Point C and record the horizontal reading.
13. Calculate the observed angle.
14. Repeat the measurement

Take the back sight and foresight angle for each station and record the angles and distance in
field notes. Shows the calculation. Discuss the result.
4.0 QUESTIONS

i. List the different reference meridians that can be used for the direction of a line and
describe the advantages and disadvantages of each system.
ii. Describe the relationship between forward and back azimuths
iii. Geometrically show how the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon (five sides) can
be computed using the formula (n-2)180?
iv. Explain why the letters E and W on a compass are sometimes reversed from their
normal positions.
 EXAMPLE
LAB SHEET: ANGLES AND DISTANCE MEASUREMENT

Site: Instrument:
Date: Observer:
Day: Data Keeper:
Weather:

Point Face left Face right Mean Angle Distance

SKETCH
 FIELDWORK 4: CLOSED TRAVERSE WITH TOTAL STATION

1.0 OBJECTIVES

 Complete a closed traverse with a total station instrument.

 Record and calculate field data of traverse.
 Calculate misclosure and balance the angle of a closed traverse.

2.0 EQUIPMENTS

 Total Station
 Steel tape

Fig 4.1: Total Station Fig. 4.2: Steel tape

3.0 FIELDWORK INSTRUCTION

Each team will be assigned to do a traversing around an agricultural plot starting at Point A
with coordinate (1000 mN, 1000 mE). Setup a station as minimum as possible so each line of
sight can be seen from each station. Take the backsight and foresight for each station. Record
the fore bearing and back bearing of each line. Read the actual distance of each line (from
total station) and check the angle misclosure. Record also the coordinate for each station.
4.0 QUESTIONS

i. Compare the traverse work by using theodolite and total station.

ii. Discuss the differences between an open and closed traverse.
iii. Name and briefly describe the three main components of a total station.
iv. Explain why the level bubble should be shaded when leveling an instrument in bright
sun.
 EXAMPLE LAB SHEET:
ANGLE AND MEASUREMENT
CLOSED TRAVERSE USING TOTAL STATION
Site: Instrument:
Date: Observer:
Day: Data Keeper:
Weather:

Bearing Coordinate
Whole
Back-bearing Circle Calculated Adjustment Adjusted
Line Bearing Distance Latitude Departure

Forward
E N E N E N
bearing
 FIELDWORK 5: CONTOUR AND MAP PRODUCTION &
CUT AND FILL

1.0 OBJECTIVES

 To determine the elevation, angles and position of points and features.

 To determine horizontal and vertical distance of two or more point
 To determine the Reduce Level of different points on the ground and prepare a contour
map
 Propose a platform level and determine the cut and fill volume.

2.0 EQUIPMENTS

Each group may assigned with following equipments set;

 Theodolite and staff; or
 Autolevel and staff;
 Total station and prism

3.0 FIELD INSTRUCTION

a) Using equipment assign to your group, find the spot height, develop the contour map
and present you map by end of the fieldwork camp.
b) From the contour map drawn, proposed a platform level that can balance the cut and fill
volume to reduce transportation cost. Develop a cut and fill map and cross section
profiles.
c) Prepare a written report on the activities after the camp ended.
 EXAMPLE
LAB SHEET: TACHEOMETRY

Site: Instrument:
Date: Observer:
Day: Data Keeper:
Weather:

Station Height of Horizontal Vertical Staff Staff reading Horizontal Vertical Elevation Actually
Inst. Angle Angle Reading Upper & Lower Distance, Different Different Level
(m) Middle (m) H (m) (m) (m) (m)
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                   
                   
                             
                             
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
 FIELDWORK 6: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS)

1.0 OBJECTIVES

 To determine coordinate and elevation of the points.

 To determine area enclosed within the loop.

2.0 EQUIPMENTS

 GPS Garmin

3.0 FIELD INSTRUCTION

1. Each group given a GPSMap 76CSx Garmin or any related equipment.

2. Turn on the GPS, ensure at least 4 satellite signal available.
3. Press Find button WaypointsEnter and there are the points that you have
to follow.
4. Select the point and follow the direction from GPS to the point. At the point,
find the picket.
5. Collect the elevation and coordinate data at each point in your GPS.
6. Plot the coordinate data using AutoCAD and determine the area enclosed in the
loop of points.

GPS LAB SHEET

Waypoint Accuracy Distance to Location

destination North East