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Chapter 6 - Animation

This document discusses animation as a type of multimedia element. It defines animation as bringing images to life using the principles of persistence of vision and the phi phenomenon. This allows separate images viewed rapidly in sequence to appear as continuous motion. Different animation techniques are discussed, including cel animation where frames are drawn by hand, path animation where objects move along predetermined paths, and 3D animation using modeling, animation, and rendering. Common file formats for animation are also listed. The document aims to provide an understanding of animation characteristics, formats, types and usage.

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149 views33 pages

Chapter 6 - Animation

This document discusses animation as a type of multimedia element. It defines animation as bringing images to life using the principles of persistence of vision and the phi phenomenon. This allows separate images viewed rapidly in sequence to appear as continuous motion. Different animation techniques are discussed, including cel animation where frames are drawn by hand, path animation where objects move along predetermined paths, and 3D animation using modeling, animation, and rendering. Common file formats for animation are also listed. The document aims to provide an understanding of animation characteristics, formats, types and usage.

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روان البلوشي
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BCM2043-Multimedia

Technology &
Applications

Chapter 6 - FUNDAMENTAL OF
MULTIMEDIA
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS :
ANIMATIONS
Expected Outcomes
• At the end of this lesson you will
understand:
– Understand the characteristics
and format of animation
– Type of animation
– The usage of animation
What is Animation?

• 50 years ago Walt Disney created


animated objects such as Mickey Mouse.
• Today the process used to create
animated objects has had to change with
the use of computer
• In fact, it continues to change becomes
more advanced and easy to use.
Animation
• The word “animation” is a form of “animate,”
which means to bring to life.
• Thus when a multimedia developer wants to
bring an image to life, animation is used.
• What do you think? A spinning globe is it better
to film the motion on video, or is animation a
better solution?
The Power of Motion
• Visual effects such as wipes, fades, zooms,
and dissolves are available in most authoring
packages.
• But animation is more than wipes, fades,
zooms, and dissolves.
• Until Quick Time and AVI motion video became
more common place animations were the
primary source of dynamic action in multimedia.
Animation
Adds visual impact to
.
your multimedia
projects and Web pages
Many multimedia
applications provide
animation tools,

http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/search.php?search=animations
Animation

• First you should understand the


principles of how the eye interprets the
changes is sees as motion.
Principles of Animation

• Animation is possible because of a a


biological phenomenon known as
persistence of vision
• The psychological phenomenon called
phi.
• An object seen by the human eye remains
chemically mapped on the eye’s retina for
a brief time after viewing.
Principles of Animation

• Combined with the human mind’s need to


conceptually complete a perceived action.
• This makes it possible for a series of
images that are changed very slightly and
very rapidly, one after the other, seem like
continuous motion .
Phi Phenomenon

Computing 10
Persistence of Vision

Computing 11
Animation

• Animation adds visual impact.


Persistence of vision allows a series of
separate images to blend together into a
visual illusion of movement.
Uses of Animation

• Illustrate a process or movement


• Provide Humor
• Help make a point to get attention
Kinematics

• Kinematics is the study of the movement


and motion of structures that have joints,
such as a walking man.
• Software: Fractal Design’s Poser
Animation and Frame Rates
• TV video builds 30 entire frames or pictures
every second.
• Movies are shot at a shutter rate of 24 frames
per second, but using projections tricks the
flicker is increased to 48.
• On some projectors each frame is shown 3
times before the next frame, for a total of 72
flickers per second which helps eliminate the
flicker effect.
• Cel Animation – plays at 24 frames per second.
Animation and Frame Rates
• Frame per second
• The movement shows the
dancing

Source:www.webneel.com
Animation Techniques

• Computers have taken a great deal of


handwork out of the animation and
rendering process.
• Commercial films such as Jurassic Park,
Beauty and the Beast, Toy Story, and
Shrek have utilized the power of the
computers.
Computer Animation
• Typically employs the same logic and procedural
concepts as cel animation
• You can usually set your own frame rate
• At 15 frames a second the animation may
appear jerky and slow
• 2-D animation can be an acceptable alternative
to the expense of creating video
2-D Animation

• Two types:
–Cel animation
–Path animation
Cel Animation
• Cel stands for celluloid which is a clear sheet with
images drawn on them.
• A traditional form of animation used in the production of
cartoons or animated movies where each frame of the
scene is drawn by hand.
• The background remain fixed as the images changes.
• A full-length feature film produced using cel animation
would often require a million or more drawings to
complete.
• Made famous by Disney
• 24 frames per second therefore a minute may require as
many as 1,440 separate frames.
Computing 20
Example

Source: www.animatorizor.wordpress.com
Cel Animation

Computing 22
Path Animation
• Moves an object along a predetermined path on the
screen
• The path can be a straight line or have a number of
curves.
• Starts with keyframes (the first and last frame of an
action).
• The series of frames in between the keyframes are
drawn in a process called tweening.
• Tweening requires calculating the number of frames
between keyframes and the path the action takes, and
then actually takes, and then sketches a series of
progressively different outlines.
Example

Source: wwww.artofillusion.org
Tweening

Source: austincc.edu
3-D Animation
• 3-D Animation involves three steps: modeling, animation, and
rendering
– Modeling – the process of creating objects and scenes
– Animation – the process of defining the object’s
motion
– Rendering – the final step in creating 3-D animation.
• Morphing is the process of blending two images into a
series of images
• Warping allows you to distort a single image
• Virtual reality (VR) creates an environment that surrounds
the user so that they become part of the experience.
Source: www.play.goggle.com
Morphing

• Where one image transforms into another


• Software: Avid’s Elastic Reality, Black
Belt’s WinImages, Gryphon Software’s
Morph, Human Software’s Squizz,
MorphWizard, Unlead’s MorhStudio
Morphing

Source: www.play.google.com
Animation File Formats
• Sofware File Format
• Director: .dir & .dcr
• Animator Pro: .fli
• Studio Max: .max
• SuperCard and Director: .pics
• Windows Audio Video Interleaved: avi
• Macintosh: .qt & .mov
• Motion Video: .mpeg
• CompuServe: .gif
• Flash: .swf
• Shockwave: .dcr
References
• Tay Vaughan. Multimedia: Making It Work, Ninth Edition. Mc Graw
Hill. 2014. ISBN-13: 978-0071832885.
• Zhe-Nian Li, Mark S. Drew.S & Jiangchuan Liu. Fundamentals of
Multimedia (Texts in Computer Science) 2nd ed. 2014 Edition.
Springer Publication. 2014. ISBN-13: 978-3319052892.
• Khalid Sayood. Introduction to Data Compression, Fourth Edition
(The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Multimedia Information and
Systems) 4th Edition. Elsevier. 2012 ISBN-13: 978-0124157965.
• Savage, T.M., Vogel, K.E. An Introduction to Digital Multimedia 2nd
ed.. 2013. Jones & Bartlett Learning ASIN: B00LZM6ESY.
• Parag Havaldar, Gerard Medioni. Multimedia Systems: Algorithms,
Standards, and Industry Practices (Advanced Topics) 1st Edition.
Cengage Learning. 2011. ISBN-13: 978-1418835941

Computing 31
Videos
• Persistence of Vision:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YismwdgMIRc
• Phi Phenomenon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
zbzt7Cb2e4

Computing 32
THANKS BE TO GOD!

Computing

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