1 a) Explain the concept and needs of Inclusive Education.

How is Inclusive Education

Inclusive schools are designed to meet the needs of all students, regardless of their abilities or
disabilities. In an inclusive school, all students learn together in the same classrooms, with
the same curriculum, and with the same support services. Inclusive schools are based on the
belief that all students can learn and succeed in school, regardless of their abilities or
disabilities. Inclusive schools provide a safe and supportive environment for all students to
learn and grow. Inclusive schools offer a variety of services and supports to meet the needs of
all students. These services may include special education services, gifted and talented
programs, English language learner programs, and other supports. Inclusive schools also
provide accommodations and modifications to the curriculum and instruction to meet the
needs of all students. Inclusive schools are designed to meet the needs of all students,
regardless of their abilities or disabilities. In an inclusive school, all students learn together in
the same classrooms, with the same curriculum, and with the same support services. Inclusive
schools are based on the belief that all students can learn and succeed in school, regardless of
their abilities or disabilities. Inclusive schools provide a safe and supportive environment for
all students to learn and grow. Inclusive schools offer a variety of services and supports to
meet the needs of all students. These services may include special education services, gifted
and talented programs, English language learner programs, and other supports. Inclusive
schools also provide accommodations and modifications to the curriculum and instruction to
meet the needs of all students.

There are many reasons why we need inclusive schools. One reason is that it helps all
students feel welcomed, respected, and valued. When students feel like they belong in their
school, they are more likely to succeed academically and socially. Additionally, inclusive
schools can help close the achievement gap between students from different backgrounds.

Inclusive schools also provide an opportunity for students with special needs to learn
alongside their peers. This can help them develop the social and communication skills they
need to be successful in life. Additionally, it gives students with special needs the chance to
be role models for their peers.

Finally, inclusive schools help prepare students for the real world. In the real world, people of
all abilities work and interact with one another. Inclusive schools provide an opportunity for
students to learn how to interact with people who have different abilities. This is an important
skill that will help them in their future careers and in their personal lives.

Inclusive Education and Special Education have many differences. Some of them are as
follows:

1. Inclusive education is an educational system that includes all students, regardless of

2. Inclusive education focuses on the individual needs of each student and strives to
meet those needs within the regular classroom setting. Special education, on the other
hand, typically takes place in a separate class or facility designed specifically for
students with disabilities.
 3. Inclusive education benefits all students by providing them with a more diverse and
inclusive learning environment. It also helps to foster a sense of acceptance and
understanding among students of all abilities. Special education, while still beneficial
for students with disabilities, can sometimes create a feeling of isolation or
segregation.

4. Inclusive education is a more recent educational philosophy, while special education

1 b) Explain the characteristics of hearing impaired children. What pedagogical practices and
learning material would you suggest for hearing impaired children.

There are a number of characteristics that are commonly seen in hearing impaired children.
These can include difficulties with communication, social skills, and behaviour.

1. Hearing impaired children often have trouble with communication. They may have
difficulty understanding what is being said to them, and may have trouble expressing
themselves. This can lead to frustration and isolation.

2. Hearing impaired children often have difficulty with social skills. They may find it
hard to interact with other children, and may have trouble making friends. They may
also find it difficult to understand and follow social rules.

3. Hearing impaired children may also have behavioural problems. They may be more
likely to act out, and may have difficulty paying attention. They may also be more
prone to anxiety and depression.

Some pedagogical practices that could be beneficial for hearing impaired children are as
follows:

-Using sign language to communicate with the child. This could include teaching the child
how to sign their own name, common words and phrases, and simple sentences.

-Using visual aids to help the child understand concepts. This could include using pictures,
charts, and diagrams to explain things.

-Writing things down. This could include leaving notes for the child or providing them with
written instructions.

-Speaking slowly and clearly. This could include enunciating words and phrases, and
speaking at a moderate pace.

-Allowing the child to ask questions. This could include encouraging the child to clarify
anything they do not understand.

-Repetition. This could involve repeating concepts several times, or having the child repeat
back what was said to them.
-Being patient. This could involve allowing the child extra time to process information and
respond to questions.

There are a few different types of learning material that would be beneficial for hearing
impaired children. One type of material would be books that are specifically designed for this
population. These books would have large print and pictures, and would be written at a level
that is appropriate for children with hearing impairments. Another type of learning material
would be educational videos that are captioned. These videos would provide children with a
visual learning experience, while also giving them access to the spoken word through the
captions. Finally, it is also important to provide children with opportunities to interact with
others who are hearing impaired. This could be done through online forums or in-person
meetups. By interacting with others who are facing similar challenges, children will be able
to learn from and support one another.

2 a) What are the special needs of children with disabilities in terms of their learning
experiences and learning styles.

Learning Experiences:

There is no one answer to this question as the special needs of children with disabilities vary
greatly depending on the type and severity of the disability. However, there are some general
principles that can be applied when planning learning experiences for children with
disabilities.

Firstly, it is important to consider the individual needs of the child and how these needs can
be best accommodated within the learning environment. This may involve making
adjustments to the physical environment, such as providing ramps or lifts, or making changes
to the way activities are structured. It is also important to consider the child's sensory needs,
as some children with disabilities may be sensitive to noise or light, for example.

Secondly, it is important to ensure that the learning experiences are appropriate for the child's
level of development. This means planning activities that are not too challenging or too easy,
and that are designed to help the child progress at their own pace.

Thirdly, it is important to provide plenty of support for the child throughout their learning
experiences. This might involve using assistive technology, such as computer software or
specialised equipment, or providing one-to-one support from a teaching assistant.

Finally, it is important to ensure that the learning experiences are enjoyable for the child. This
means making sure that the activities are engaging and motivating, and that the child feels a
sense of achievement when they complete them.

Learning Styles:

There is no one answer to this question as every child with a disability is unique and will
therefore have different learning needs. However, there are some general considerations that
can be made when thinking about the special needs of children with disabilities in terms of
their learning styles.
Firstly, it is important to consider the child's individual strengths and weaknesses. What are
they good at? What do they find more difficult? This will help to identify what type of
learning activities and strategies will be most effective for them. For example, a child who is
struggling with literacy skills may benefit from more hands-on, visual learning activities.

Secondly, the child's level of functioning should be taken into account. A child with more
severe disabilities will likely need more support and assistance in order to access the
curriculum and participate in learning activities. This may mean using specialized equipment
or adapting the learning materials to make them more accessible.

Finally, it is important to consider the child's motivation and interests. What do they enjoy
doing? What are they curious about? By incorporating activities and topics that the child is
interested in, they are more likely to be engaged and motivated to learn.

In summary, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to teaching children with disabilities. It is

2 b) Describe the concept of inclusive school in terms accessibility and human resources.

Inclusive education is about providing quality education to all children, regardless of their
abilities or disabilities. It is about ensuring that every child has the opportunity to learn and
grow, and to reach their full potential. Inclusive education is about more than just physical
access to school buildings and facilities. It is also about ensuring that the curriculum and
teaching methods are accessible to all children, and that they are given the support they need
to succeed.

There are many different ways to make a school more inclusive. Some of the most important
things to consider are:

- Providing ramps and other physical accommodations to make school buildings and facilities
accessible to all children, including those with physical disabilities.

- Ensuring that the curriculum is accessible to all children, including those with learning
disabilities. This may involve using a variety of teaching methods, and providing
accommodations and support as needed.

- Providing social and emotional support to all children, including those with behavioral or
mental health needs. This may involve having a school counselor or social worker on staff, or
providing training to teachers and staff on how to support all children.

- Creating a positive and welcoming school climate for all children, families, and staff. This
may involve developing policies and procedures that are inclusive of all, and providing
training on how to create an inclusive environment.

Making a school truly inclusive requires a commitment from everyone in the school
community. It takes time, effort, and a willingness to learn and grow. But the rewards are
worth it – for every child, for every family, and for the whole community.
Inclusive education is an approach to education that strives to meet the needs of all students,
regardless of their abilities or disabilities. It is based on the belief that all students have a right
to an education that is appropriate for their individual needs.

Inclusive schools typically have a variety of supports and services in place to ensure that all
students have an equal opportunity to succeed. These may include things like individualized
education plans, resource rooms, and specialized instructional strategies.

Inclusive education relies heavily on the involvement of all members of the school
community, including teachers, administrators, support staff, and parents. Everyone must
work together to create an environment that is welcoming and supportive of all students.

One of the key components of inclusive education is having a diverse teaching staff. This is
important because it helps to ensure that all students feel represented and valued. A diverse
teaching staff can also provide a wealth of experience and knowledge that can benefit all
students.

Another important component of inclusive education is having a curriculum that is accessible

Inclusive education is a complex concept, but at its core, it is about ensuring that all students
have access to a quality education. It is about meeting the needs of all students, regardless of
their abilities or disabilities. It is about creating an environment where all students feel
welcome, valued, and supported.

3 a) Main features of RTE, 2009 with reference to children with special needs.

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, provides for free
and compulsory education to all children aged between six and fourteen years in India. The
Act aims to provide quality education and improve learning outcomes for all children. It also
seeks to provide a level playing field for children with disabilities, by ensuring that they are
included in the mainstream education system and given the necessary support to enable them
to participate fully in the educational process.

The RTE Act contains a number of provisions that are specifically designed to promote
inclusion of children with disabilities in the education system. These include the following:

- Every child with a disability has the right to free and compulsory education in an inclusive
environment, which means that children with disabilities should be included in mainstream
schools, alongside their non-disabled peers.

- Schools are required to make reasonable adjustments to their facilities and teaching methods
to accommodate the needs of children with disabilities.

- Schools are prohibited from discriminating against children with disabilities in admission or
in the provision of education.
- Children with disabilities are entitled to receive the necessary support to enable them to
participate fully in the educational process, including special education and related services.

- Schools are required to develop individual education plans for children with disabilities,
taking into account their individual needs and abilities.

- Parents or guardians of children with disabilities have the right to choose the type of
education that their child will receive, and schools must take into account the wishes of the
parents or guardians when making decisions about the education of the child.

3 b) Peer Tutoring as a strategy for Inclusive Education.

Inclusive education is about providing all children with access to a quality education,
regardless of their abilities or background. One way to make sure that all children can benefit
from education is to use peer tutoring.

Peer tutoring is when students who are doing well in a subject help those who are struggling.
It is an effective way to provide support to all students, because it is less formal than
traditional teaching and can be tailored to each individual's needs.

Peer tutoring has many benefits. It can help to build confidence and self-esteem, as well as
improve academic performance. It is also a great way for children to socialize and make
friends.

If you are thinking about using peer tutoring in your classroom, there are a few things to keep
in mind. First, make sure that the students who are doing the tutoring are comfortable with it
and are able to explain things clearly. Second, pair students up so that they are working with
someone who is at a similar level. Finally, provide structure and guidance, but allow the
tutoring sessions to be flexible so that they can be tailored to each individual's needs.

3 c) Recommendations of Salamanca Statement and Framework of Action, 1994.

The Salamanca Statement and Framework of Action is a document that was created in 1994
by the World Conference on Special Needs Education. The document contains a set of
principles for inclusive education and has served as a guide for educational policy and
practice since its release.

The Salamanca Statement emphasises that all children, regardless of their abilities, should be
included in regular classrooms and that special education provision should be made within
the mainstream school system. It also recognises the importance of individualised support
and differentiated instruction in order to meet the needs of all learners.

The Salamanca Statement has been widely endorsed by countries and international
organisations and has had a significant impact on educational policy and practice around the
world. Inclusive education has become an increasingly important issue in recent years, and
the Salamanca Statement provides a strong foundation for the development of inclusive
education systems.