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Worked and Practice Examples On Solutions

The document provides examples of solving concentration problems involving solutions. It begins by giving three examples of calculating molarity, moles, or mass of a solute given volume, concentration, or mass of another component. The second part discusses using balanced chemical equations and concentration to solve more complex stoichiometry problems, providing four examples of calculating volume, concentration, or moles of one substance using its reaction with a given amount of another substance.

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Nicole Batoy
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© © All Rights Reserved
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101 views

Worked and Practice Examples On Solutions

The document provides examples of solving concentration problems involving solutions. It begins by giving three examples of calculating molarity, moles, or mass of a solute given volume, concentration, or mass of another component. The second part discusses using balanced chemical equations and concentration to solve more complex stoichiometry problems, providing four examples of calculating volume, concentration, or moles of one substance using its reaction with a given amount of another substance.

Uploaded by

Nicole Batoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practice Examples on Solutions

Part A. Concentration of Solutions

1. A 0.750 L aqueous solution contains 90.0 g of ethanol, C2H5OH. Calculate the


molar concentration of the solution in mol·L-1.

Solution:

1. moles solute
The question asks for concentration,
which means finding molarity, or:
litre solution
2. To convert mass of ethanol to moles, we need to find the molar mass of C 2H5OH using the
periodic table. Molar mass is 46.1 g·mol-1
3. Molarity also requires volume; the question tells us we have 0.750 L.
   

Put this information together to solve the problem, arranging the information to end up with
the desired unit:

mol 1 mol 1 2.60 mol


= 90.0 g × × =
L 46.1 g 0.750 L L

Our final answer: [C2H5OH ] = 2.60M

2. What mass of NaCl are dissolved in 152 mL of a solution if the concentration of


the solution is 0.364 M?
  Solution:
1. The question asks for mass, so we want to calculate grams

2. We are given the concentration. I suggest you rewrite 0.364 mol


the concentration as shown to the right, to better see
how the units will cancel out. L
 

3. Because the question involves mass, we will need to know the molar mass
of NaCl

Using a periodic table we find the molar mass of NaCl to be 58.5 g·mol -1

4. The question gives us the volume in mL. Our unit of concentration uses L,
so we will convert 152 mL into 0.152 L.

Put this information together to solve the problem, arranging the information
to end up with the desired unit:

58.5 g 0.364 mol
g= × × 0.152 L = 3.24 g
mol L
                answer

3. What mass of dextrose, C6H12O6 is dissolved in 325 mL of 0.258 M solution?


  Solution:

1. The question asks for mass, so we want to calculate grams


2. We are given the concentration (0.258 M). I suggest you 0.258
rewrite mol
the concentration as shown to the right, to better see
how the units will cancel out. L
 
3. Because the question involves mass, we will need to know the molar mass of
C6H12O6

Using a periodic table we find the molar mass of C6H12O6 to be 180.1 g·mol-1
4. The question gives us the volume in mL. Our unit of concentration uses L,
so we will convert 325 mL into 0.325 L.
Put this information together to solve the problem, arranging the information to
end up with the desired unit:

180.1 g 0.258 mol
g= × × 0.325 L = 15.1 g
mol L
                answer
Now it’s your turn.

1. What is the molarity of a solution that contains 10.0 grams of Silver Nitrate that has
been dissolved in 750 mL of water? Ans. 0.078 M AgNO3

2. You want to create a 0.25 M Potassium Chloride solution. You mass 5.00 grams of
Potassium Chloride. How much water is needed? Ans. 270 mL.

3. What is the percentage by mass of the solution from problem 1? PM the answer to your
teacher 😊

Part B. Solution Stoichiometry

More complex stoichiometry problems using balanced chemical reactions can also use
concentrations as conversion factors. For example, suppose the following equation represents a
chemical reaction:

2 AgNO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq)→2 AgCl(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)


If we wanted to know what volume of 0.555 M CaCl2 would react with 1.25 mol of AgNO3, we
first use the balanced chemical equation to determine the number of moles of CaCl2 that would
react and then use concentration to convert to liters of solution:
1.25 mol AgNO3×1 mol CaCl2/2 mol AgNO3 × 1 L solution/0.555 mol CaCl2
= 1.13 L CaCl2 solution

This can be extended by starting with the mass (grams) of one reactant, instead of moles of a
reactant.

Ex. 1 What volume of 0.0995 M Al(NO3)3 will react with 3.66 g of Ag according to the following
chemical equation?
3 Ag(s) + Al(NO3)3(aq)→3 AgNO3(aq) + Al(s)

Here, we first must convert the mass of Ag to moles before using the balanced chemical
equation and then the definition of molarity as a conversion factor:
3.66 g Ag ×1 mol Ag/107.97 mol Ag × 1 mol Al(NO3)3/3 mol Ag ×1 L solution/0.0995 mol
Al(NO3)3
=0.114 L Al(NO3)3 solution

Ex. 2 What volume of 0.512 M NaOH will react with 17.9 g of H 2C2O4(s) according to the
following chemical equation?
H2C2O4(s) + 2 NaOH(aq)→Na2C2O4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

Answer: 0.777 L of NaOH solution


Ex. 3 A student takes a precisely measured sample, called an aliquot, of 10.00 mL of a solution
of FeCl3. The student carefully adds 0.1074 M Na2C2O4 until all the Fe3+(aq) has precipitated as
Fe2(C2O4)3(s). Using a precisely measured tube called a burette, the student finds that 9.04 mL
of the Na2C2O4 solution was added to completely precipitate the Fe3+(aq). What was the
concentration of the FeCl3 in the original solution? (A precisely measured experiment like this,
which is meant to determine the amount of a substance in a sample, is called a titration.) The
balanced chemical equation is as follows:

2 FeCl3(aq) + 3 Na2C2O4(aq)→ Fe2(C2O4)3(s) + 6 NaCl(aq)

9.04 mL Na2C2O4 ×1 L/1000 mL × 0.1074 mol Na2C2O4/1 L Na2C2O4 × 2 mol FeCl3/3 mol


Na2C2O4 ×10.01000 L soln

= 0.0647 M FeCl3

Ex. 4 A student titrates 25.0 ml of H3PO4 with 0.0987 M KOH. She uses 54.06 mL to complete
the chemical reaction. What is the concentration of H3PO4?

H3PO4(aq) + 3 KOH(aq)→K3PO4(aq) + 3 H2O(l)

Answer. 0.0711 M

Now it’s your turn!

1.  Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas and magnesium
chloride. How many liters of a 0.750 M HCl solution will react with 12.25 g of Mg?
Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq)→H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)

Ans. 1.34 L

2. Consider the following reaction:


Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6 KOH(aq)→2 Al(OH)3(s) + 3 K2SO3(aq)

a. How many grams of aluminum hydroxide will be formed from 55.0 mL of a 1.50 M
potassium hydroxide solution?
b. How many milliliters of a 0.250 M aluminum sulfate solution will react with 10.0 mL of
a 3.00 M potassium hydroxide solution?
c. What is the molarity of a 40.0 mL solution of potassium hydroxide that reacts
completely with 20.0 mL of a 0.500 M aluminum sulfate solution?
Ans. a) 2.15 g; b) 20.0 ml; c) 1.50 M
3. What volume of 0.150 M NaOH solution is required to react completely with 50.0 mL of
0.200 M HCl solution? [Write the chemical equation first.]
PM your answer to your teacher 😊

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