Heisenberg Picture In Heisenberg picture the operators corresponding to observables

vary with time the state kets are fixed frozen at initial time to

Ult to o expE Eat

AHH UHH AsUIH It Heisenberg picture
St Schrodinger picture
1 107 its
14 1 1077 14,1014 independent of time t

1451 10 UH 141077

The expectationsvalue I is obviously the name in both pictures

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YHIHIMHIYAID

The Heisenberg equation of motion

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of the quantum mechanical operator A vary with time At

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Heisenberg equation of motion for the operator

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I WHUUTASU WASOUTHU WitsU

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Hit Utt to Its H ult to Hamiltonian in Heisenberg picture

It Emtreq
q p obey noncommutative algebra

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q FLPA in ZE P Flag it Eg

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Pa He É fit 1 25g

classical equation of motion in

A Apf and 212 21 Hamiltonian form

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Interaction picture on Dirac picture

The Dirac picture is sort of intermediary between the Schrodinger picture and

the Heisenberg picture as both the quantum states and the operators carry
time dependence

We consider a Hamiltonian It much that it can be split into two parts

It II try
where Ito does not contain time explicitly Ito's is called unperturbed or free Itamitonian

In absence of kin the energy eigenkets my with energy eigenvalues En can be defined

by HIM ESIN
are completely known

We may be interested in situations where initially only one of the energy eigenstates of It
for example lip is populated As time goes on however the states otherthan lip are

populated because with Vit 0 hence we are no longer dealingwith stationary problems
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Since the expectation values of operators are independent of pictures

LAY YsIt to its1UsIt to UI It to UTA'sNo Kilt to

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it I it it AsVo it Utasio it u LETU

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stoa A to ik W It puts boy o

It is time inde
pendent

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if Us o Hs It Ito Ito
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et A e

NIH F VIA LYIN VITH UIVsU

Look for a solution of the form
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at t to 14 Ho UsHoly

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it 2 VI A U

In five f Ult's
Ult to I to dt ulto to I

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Ult to I In JIHADat th fret at Idt Velez Ulta to

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I IV ti dt SÉitzdtz SEVit dts fifty atn
14sIt Voltto YIH Voltto UHto QIHo

Its HostUs if Us 0 ItsIn EnIng

f HE IMY FCEng in
2mimy Snm I Intent L

MAY 1441411177
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From the orthogonality relations

Cmle e
Em It to
MIYsHY

KM81471 ICMLOT KM LY
Ilm't the probability of finding the rentem in the state imy at time t if we

measure its energy

Iemit T Lml It T LMIUHto VISIT

LmlUlf to QIHo Y fo Utt to MY

Le Air Lrlatley
at t to 14,1677 4
ft dtdt
E E dtn VIIt Eltz Veffn
I C Mit 2 to 1 m 14
141
Which gives the probability of finding the nyntem in state imy at given time t given that

it was in the state line at time to

11 m t i to 1 Kmlift 8mi
 Ic Mit i to KMS Ct dt lit I fÉdt miveltilitt
r
tilt tops e tasteit toy
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Umi EEE 1 Side
emmitt't amusing

let

MY
Tie ftp Twmi
The factory 4bintwhf.it is a strongly peaked function of Wmi At wmi to
very
its amplitude inereases as It tot and decreases to zero when Wmi 2M t to The

that Us induces probability

the nyntem to make a transition between Liz and state imy is

thus very nmall unless energy is conserved between the initial and final states

Home task Vs Vs Sin wt d find out the first order

transition probality amplitude for following situation
4 WnitWy Ki w

Heisenberg picture Interaction picture Schrodinger picture

stateKet No change Evolution determined by Ye Evolution determined by H

observable Evolution determinedby It Evolutiondetermined by Ito No change