By Anisha Binth

BSc. Interior Design

Sanitary

Fixtures
fixture is something that is fixed in place, especially a permanent

appliance or other item of personal property that is considered part of a

house and is sold with it while

Context Sanitary Fixtures
Soil Appliance
Waste Appliance
 SANITARY FIXTURES
A receptacle for industrial and faecal sewage

that is installed in homes and public and

industrial buildings.
Sanitary fixtures are attached to the interior

systems of water pipes and sewerage systems

and constitute the main elements of a building's

sanitary engineering equipment.

Sanitary fixtures can be categorised into two

groups :
Soil appliances : Water closets, Bide, Urinals,

cisterns, flush valve

Waste appliances : Wash basin, sink,

dishwasher, washing machine .

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 SANITARY FIXTURES

Properties of good sanitary fixtures :

1. Durable ( long lasting )
2. Impervious to water ( it must not absorb water
Resistant to corrosion ( in order to make it long lasting

and to be hygienic )
4. Simple in outline ( so that there will be no crannies

to hold dirt ) .
5.Smooth surfaced inside and out ( for case of
cleaning and to be largely selfcleansing internally as

flushed in use ).
6.With the inside so designed that the water will drain

naturally the outlet .

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 SANITARY FIXTURES
Materials for Sanitary Appliances :
The materials from which sanitary appliances

are manufactured are dependent upon the type

of fitment and the use of the building into

which it is to be installed.
In general terms the materials must be non -

corroding , non - absorbent and easily cleaned .

In factories and schools , materials must also

be capable of withstanding rough treatment.

1. Metal
2. Ceramic
3. Vitreous china
4. Acrylic Plastic
5. Glass Reinforced Polyster
6. Vitreous Enamelled Pressed Steel
7. Stainless Steel
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1. SOIL APPLIANCE
1.WATER CLOSETS
It is a ceramic sanitary ware product which ted as a

toilet.
This kind of toilets are more hygiene and easy to

clean.
The Toilet which is designed to sit is known as

water closets.
Types : there are three types of water closets
1. one piece water closet
2. two piece water closet
3. squatting pans

One - Piece Toilet : This is when the toilet's tank is

connected to the bowl making the whole toilet is a

piece of ceramic

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 Two piece water closet : This is probably the most

common type of toilet that is spreading across the

continent . Opposite to the one - piece toilet , the

water tank and the bowl are separated , and thus

the tank has a larger volume to store water.

Although nowadays people tend to go for a one -

piece toilet , the two piece toilet has its strengths.

Squatting pan : Will not be directly connected to

the drainage pipeline because the bad order will

come in toilets. So squatting pan will be connected

to the drain pipe by using an 'S' trap or 'P' trap.

This trap will avoid escape of bad order from drain

line by a water seal. Water seal of the squatting

pan will be maintained by the trap. But in water

closets the design itself will maintain a water level

to seal the bad order escape from the drain pipe

line. These types of toilets are comparatively

cheaper than the water closet.

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 Squatting pan of sizes smaller than 630 mm.
Dimensions : Normally sitting height of the water closet

will be 400mm ( 16 inches ) from the ground.

2. BIDET
A secondary but nevertheless important use of the bidet

is as a footbath. For identification purposes, bidets are

usually classified in to two distinct types.

Tap controls are conveniently placed to enable the user

to adjust the flow rate and temperature of the water.

Hot and cold pipes to the bidet should be taken at least

two metres above the appliance before being connected

into the main supplies. In some instances a separate

cistern may be required.

The reason for these recommendations is to prevent back

siphon age . Bidets with over rim supply are simpler to

install and are supplied with water in the same manner as

a wash basin.

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 The traditional Bidet is expensive and takes a

plumber to install. It also up more floor space and

won't even fit in most bathrooms and you have to

get up and move to use it which can be very

awkward and messy sometimes.

The bidet toilet seat can come with many options

including heating the seat but the more options

the more expensive and more potential for

needing a repairman to come out and fix it

someday. You will also most likely need a plumber

to install it - more money.

The Hand Held Bidet Sprayer is far less expensive ,

requires no new plumbing to install , can fit in any

size bathroom and actually does a better job

cleaning you because it has a stronger water flow

and more control over where it spray and it needs

almost no maintenance .

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3. URINALS

A bowl or other receptacle , typically attached to a

wall in a public toilet , into which men may urinate

There are three main types of urinals , each with

its own plumbing and design .

Trough urinal , bucket urinal and against - the -

wall urinal
Trough urinal : A long , narrow urinal designed for

use by several men at the same time ; equipped

with a water supply and drain for flushing away

the urine .
Bucket urinal : A bucket toilet is a basic form of a

dry toilet whereby a bucket ( pail ) is used to

collect excreta . Usually , faeces and urine are

collected together in the same bucket , leading to

odour issues .

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 Against the wall urinal : A toilet that is attached to

a wall especially a public bathroom for men to

urinate into.
Angle Back.
Squating Type.

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4. FLUSH CISTERNS
A tank for storing water especially one

supplying taps or as part of flushing toilets.

As a cistern is required to store water, it

must be made from very sturdy and

waterproof materials.
These come in galvanized mild steel,

polypropylene or glass reinforced plastics.

To avoid contamination of the stored

liquids , these come with a cover.

Types :
1. Low level ( easy to maintain ) : one where

the toilet cistern and the toilet bowl joined

by a short flush pipe , so that the cistern

sits slightly above and behind the bowl.

2. High level ( accessible by stepladder ) :

fixed to the wall and connects to the toilet

pan via an exposed flush pipe .

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 Concealed toilet cisterns : is simply a toilet

cistern ( tank ) that is hidden in some way.

It is usually hidden inside or behind a wall,

or in the ceiling or inside cabinetry.

A cistern concealed inside a wall is called

an in wall cistern while one hidden behind

the wall is called an in duet system.

Dimensions : typical depths between 27 "

-30 " ( 69-76 cm ), widths around 20 " ( 51

cm ) , and back heights from 21 " -31 " ( 53-

79 cm ) .

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5. FLUSH VALVES
The part inside the tank of a toilet that moves the water into

the bowl.
Toilet flush valves come in different sizes ranging from 2 to 4

inches, depending on the toilet design.

Types :
1. Standard flush valve : The standard flush valve has been the

widely used flush valve all over the world. This type of valve

is fundamental 2 ' valve equipped with a flapper that tugs

and yanks when you thrust or heave the toilet handle . This

flush valve is suitable for toilets with 2 ' opening, toilets with

larger tanks or even low flush toilets.

2. 4'Flush valve : This is considered the largest flush valve

among all the other types. This is composed of a piston

which would rise upwards and allow an amount of water to

flow into the toilet during flushing. This flush valve type can

flush the toilet at 360 degrees and because of that it can

send the water down the toilet or flushes the water in a

faster manner compared to the other flush valve types.

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3. Dual flush valve : The very best advantage of this flush valve

type is its ability to give the operator the opportunity to choose

between a half flush and a full flush by just using a single valve .

This can be identified by the way you operate mechanism .

Pulling it down would mean half flush but if you push it

downwards , it would mean you have chosen the full flush . For

other models of this valve type , they utilise buttons than

handles . This will be the best option especially for homeowners

who wanted to save a penny on their utility bills .

4. 3'Flush valve : The amount of water released by the water tank

would differ due to the size of your flush valve . Bigger flush

valve flushes more water and makes the flushing procedure

quicker . When this valve needs replacement , the repair

procedure is the same with that of the standard flush valve .

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1. WASTE APPLIANCE

1. WASH BASIN

A basin, typically fixed to a wall or on a pedestal ,

used for washing one's hands and face.

Wall hung basins

Full Pedestal Wall Hung Half Pedestal Wall Hung Under counter top basins Counter top basins Angle corner basins
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2.SINK

A sink in a kitchen is a basically a hardware bowl

used for washing dishes , vegetables , etc.

TYPES
1. Top Mount/Drop In/ Self Rimming Sink
2. Undermount sink
3. Double basin/Bowl Sink
4. Single basin/Bowl Sink
5. Farmhouse/Apron Sink
6. Drainboard Sink
7. Low Divider Double Basin Sink
8. Island/Bar/Prep Sink
9. Integrated Sink
10. Corner Sink
Dimensios : 24 inches deep, 34 - 42 inches height

and 25 - 26 inches wide

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3.DISHWASHER

A machine that's used wash dishes automatically.

TYPES
1. Water Efficient Dishwasher
2. Built in Dishwasher
3. Semi Integrated Dishwasher
4. Fully Integrated Dishwasher
5. Drawer Dishwasher
6. Recessed and pull handle dishwasher

Dimensios : 24 inches wide, 24 inches deep and 35

inches heigh

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4.WASHING MACHINE
A machine that's used for washing clothes, bed linen etc.
TYPES
Depending on the position of loading the clothes in washing
machine , there are two types of washing machines
1. Front loading washing machine
In this machine the clothes are loaded from the front side .The
studies have shown that the front loading washing machines
consume less electric energy, water and detergent and also give
better washing results compared to the top loading washing
machine.
2.Top loading washing machine
This washing machine the clothes are loaded from the top of the
washing machine. There is a cover at the top that helps loading and
unloading of clothes in the round vessel that perform the function
of the washer as well as the rinser and drier in the fully automatic
washing machine. The top loading washing machine is preferred by
the people who don't want to bend the body while loading the
clothes in the machine .

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 Depending on the total automatic features available in the washing
machine , the top loading washing machines are also classified as :
semi - automatic washing machine and fully automatic washing
machine .
1. Semi - automatic washing machine
This has separate tubs or vessels for the washer and the drier . There are
two separate timers that enable setting washing and drying times. To wash
the clothes you have to put the clothes in the wash vessel , put sufficient
quantity of the water detergent and then set the timer. After the specified
time, the washing machine will stop. You can remove the clothes and dry
them in the sun or you can dry them partially in the drier vessel by setting
suitable time.
2.Fully automatic machine
In fully automatic washing machine there is only one tub that serves as the
washer, rinser as well as the drier. Depending on the number of clothes or
the weight of the clothes, the machine takes in the sufficient amount of
water and detergent automatically and sets the timer for wash and drying
automatically. All you have to do is just provide the water connection , put
the detergent from time to time in its storage space and put the clothes,
the fully automatic washing machine does the rest of things automatically

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THANK YOU
Anish Binth