Scribd
Upload
72 views

Exact Differential Equations

The document discusses total differential and exact differential equations. It defines the total differential of a function and provides examples of calculating it. An exact differential equation is one where the derivatives are equal. To solve an exact differential equation, we find an integral relation so that the left side is the total differential. The solution is then obtained by integrating both sides partially and comparing the constants of integration. Examples are provided to demonstrate determining if a differential equation is exact and solving exact differential equations.

Uploaded by

Luna Moon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
72 views

Exact Differential Equations

The document discusses total differential and exact differential equations. It defines the total differential of a function and provides examples of calculating it. An exact differential equation is one where the derivatives are equal. To solve an exact differential equation, we find an integral relation so that the left side is the total differential. The solution is then obtained by integrating both sides partially and comparing the constants of integration. Examples are provided to demonstrate determining if a differential equation is exact and solving exact differential equations.

Uploaded by

Luna Moon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

TOTAL DIFFERENTIAL AND EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

A. TOTAL DIFFERENTIAL

DEFINITION

The Total Differential of the function is defined as:

For ; treat y as a constant For treat x as a constant

Example:

1.

( )

2.

But: ( ) ( )

B. EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

a. Definition. The Differential Equation is said to be exact if and only if,

Example 1. Determine whether the differential equation is exact or not.

1. ( ) ( )

;derive with respect to “y” ; derive with respect to “x”


Therefore:

2. ( ) ( )

Therefore:

C. SOLUTION OF EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

To solve an exact differential equation is to find a relation so that the left member of the
equation is the total differential of

Consider the total differential,

where: and ;

Therefore:

and .

a. The solution, therefore, to an exact differential equation is simply:

b. Here, the function F (x,y) is obtained from either of the two equations,

∫ ; (integrate partially with respect to x (holding y constant)

Or

∫ ; (integrate partially with respect to y (holding x constant)

The constant of partial integration, f(y) and g(x), are found by comparison of these two possible solution.
Example 2. Solve the following Differential Equation.

1. ( ) ( )

Solution:

a. from the previous Example 1. We already prove that this DE is an exact equation.

b. The solution is , where :

Integrate both
∫ ∫

∫ ∫

Compare

(get this value at ) (get this value at )

General Solution: ( either of the two, ( either of the two,


Substitute the value of Substitute the value of

2. ( ) ( )

a. from the previous Example 1. We already prove that this DE is an exact equation.

b. The solution is C, where :

Integrate both
∫ ∫

∫( ) ∫( )

Compare

(get this value at )


(get this value at )
General Solution: ( either of the two, ( either of the two,
Substitute the value of Substitute the value of

3.

a. Prove the exactness,

Therefore :
EXACT

b. The solution is where :

Integrate both
∫ ∫

∫ ∫

Compare

(get this value at ) (get this value at )

General Solution: ( either of the two, ( either of the two,


Substitute the value of Substitute the value of

You might also like