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    Class 20 Horizontal Curves

    Uploaded by

    Wan Nur
    The document outlines the key objectives of a class on route surveying: 1) It defines horizontal curve parameters and equations and how to compute the degree of curvature. 2) It explains how to restation horizontal curves along a route by computing tangent lengths, curve lengths, and reassigning station values to points of curvature and tangency. 3) It provides an example of the restationing process for a roadway route with two simple circular curves.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Class 20 Horizontal Curves

    Uploaded by

    Wan Nur
    32 views6 pages
    The document outlines the key objectives of a class on route surveying: 1) It defines horizontal curve parameters and equations and how to compute the degree of curvature. 2) It explains how to restation horizontal curves along a route by computing tangent lengths, curve lengths, and reassigning station values to points of curvature and tangency. 3) It provides an example of the restationing process for a roadway route with two simple circular curves.

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    The document outlines the key objectives of a class on route surveying: 1) It defines horizontal curve parameters and equations and how to compute the degree of curvature. 2) It explains how to restation horizontal curves along a route by computing tangent lengths, curve lengths, and reassigning station values to points of curvature and tangency. 3) It provides an example of the restationing process for a roadway route with two simple circular curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views6 pages

    Class 20 Horizontal Curves

    Uploaded by

    Wan Nur
    The document outlines the key objectives of a class on route surveying: 1) It defines horizontal curve parameters and equations and how to compute the degree of curvature. 2) It explains how to restation horizontal curves along a route by computing tangent lengths, curve lengths, and reassigning station values to points of curvature and tangency. 3) It provides an example of the restationing process for a roadway route with two simple circular curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    10/19/2011

    Class Objectives
    CE 211 – SURVEYING ENGINEERING • Identify route surveying objectives and procedures
    CLASS 20: ROUTE SURVEYING • Define horizontal curves parameters and equations
    • Define degrees of curvatures for horizontal curves
    using arc and chord definitions
    • Relate R, D, Δ, L, LC, T, E, and M for a horizontal
    Ahmed Abdel-Rahim, Ph.D, P.E. curve
    Associate Professor, Civil Engineering • Restation horizontal curves

    ROUTE SURVEYS ROUTE SURVEYS


    • Route surveying includes the field and office work required
    to plan, design, and lay out any “long and narrow”
    transportation facility.
    • Most of the basic surveying concepts and methods described
    in the previous chapters apply to route surveying.
    • Horizontal distances, elevations, and angles must be
    measured, maps must be drawn, and profile and cross
    section views of the route must be prepared.

    The route alignment for a road or railway line


    comprises a connected series of tangents and curves.

    1
    10/19/2011

    HORIZONTAL CURVES Horizontal Curves


    • Computing the Curve Why do we need them?
    – Degree of Curve  topographical constrains
     minimize cost
    • Stationing Along a Route
     driver attention
    – Restationing

    How sharp (or smooth) they should be?


    Speed limit
    Terrain(flat, rolling, and mountainous)

    Horizontal Curves- Types Horizontal Curves - Types

    2
    10/19/2011

    HORIZONTAL CURVES Horizontal Curves – Basic Definitions


    • The most common
    type of horizontal
    curve is a single arc of
    a circle, called a
    simple curve.
    • Stationing??

    The simple horizontal curve is an arc of


    a circle.

    Circular Curve- Definitions HORIZONTAL CURVES


    • PC “Point of Curvature”
    • PT “Point of Tangent”
    • PI “Point of Intersection”
    • R “Radius”
    • D “Degree of Curvature”
    • ∆ “Intersection angle”
    • T “Tangent Length”
    • L “Curve Length”
    • LC “Long chord Length”
    • E “External distance”
    • M “Middle ordinate” The degree of curve may be
    determined by the arc definition (Da)
    or by the chord definition (Dc). A sharp curve and a flat
    curve.

    3
    10/19/2011

    Horizontal Alignment Circular Curve Formulas


    • Degree of Circular Curves
    (Degree of Curvature) • PC, PI, & PT
    – Arc definition • R, D & I
    • T, E, & M
    • L

    – Chard definition

    Circular Curve Formulas Circular Curve Formulas


    o 5729.58
    L  100 o ( feet ) R ( ft) [arc definition]
    D D
    o 50
    L  o (stations) R ( ft) [chord definition]
    D sin(D 2)
      
    L (2R) [ in degrees] o
    360 T  Rtan
    2
     
    L  R( in radians) o
    E  T tan
      1
    4
    
    o 
    LC  2Rsin E  R 1
     2 cos( 2) 
    
    o
    M  E cos
      2
     o 
    M  R1  cos 
     2 
    

    

    4
    10/19/2011

    Example The Restationing process - example

    • R = 300 ft • A 2500-ft roadway route centerline is established during a


    preliminary survey. The three tangent sections are to be
    • Two tangents that form an intersection connected by two simple curves with R1=700 ft and R2 =
    o
    angle of 74 46’36” 600 ft
    • Find: The stations of the PCs and PTs, the total length of
    • The station of PI is 7+47.64 the route, and the last station in the final route.
    • Find: Station of PC and PT
    – Station PC = Station PI – T
    – Station PT = Station PC + L

    CE 211 – Surveying Engineering CE 211 – Surveying Engineering

    The Restationing process - example The Restationing process - example


    T1=220.71
    L1=427.61

    T2=133.02
    L2=261.80

    PC1=500-220.71= 279.29
    =2 + 79.29

    PT1=279.29+427.61=706.90
    =7 + 06.90

    PC2=706.90+346.27=1053.17
    =10+53.17

    PT2=1053.17+261.80=1314.97
    CE 211 – Surveying Engineering CE 211 – Surveying Engineering
    =13+14.97

    5
    10/19/2011

    The Restationing process - example The Restationing process - example


    T1=220.71 T1=220.71
    L1=427.61 L1=427.61

    T2=133.02 T2=133.02
    L2=261.80 L2=261.80

    PT2=1053.17+261.80=1314.97 PT2=1053.17+261.80=1314.97
    =13+14.97 =13+14.97

    CE 211 – Surveying Engineering CE 211 – Surveying Engineering

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