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DC CIRCUITS - Second Order Circuits - Brief Explanation

This document discusses second order circuits containing resistors, inductors, and capacitors (RLC circuits) in both series and parallel configurations. It provides the general differential equation that describes RLC circuits and defines the parameters for that equation for both series and parallel circuits. It also presents the general solution to the differential equation and discusses approaches for finding the initial and final values in RLC circuits. The document concludes with an example of calculating the step response of a particular RLC circuit.

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104 views22 pages

DC CIRCUITS - Second Order Circuits - Brief Explanation

This document discusses second order circuits containing resistors, inductors, and capacitors (RLC circuits) in both series and parallel configurations. It provides the general differential equation that describes RLC circuits and defines the parameters for that equation for both series and parallel circuits. It also presents the general solution to the differential equation and discusses approaches for finding the initial and final values in RLC circuits. The document concludes with an example of calculating the step response of a particular RLC circuit.

Uploaded by

Dispensasi unipasby
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC Circuits

Second Order Circuits


Introduction
Source Free RLC Circuits
Series RLC Circuit Parallel RLC Circuit
General Equation

d 2x dx
2
 2    0 x 0
2

dt dt

Series RLC Circuit Parallel RLC Circuit

R 1 1 1
 0   0 
2L LC 2 RC LC
General Solution

x  A1e s1t  A2 e s2t


dx
 A1s1e s1t  A2 s2 e s2t
dt
s1, 2     2  0
2

x  e t  A1t  A2 

 e t  A1   ( A1t  A2 ) 
dx
dt
x  e t  A1 cos d t  A2 sin d t 

 e t ( A2d  A1 ) cosd t  ( A1d  A2 ) sin d t 


dx
dt
d  0 2   2
Finding Initial and Final Values

The capacitor voltage is always continuous

The inductor current is always continuous


Equivalent circuit

𝑡 = 0− 𝑡 = 0+

𝑡→∞
𝑡 = 0−

As the inductor current and the capacitor voltage cannot change


abruptly
𝑡 = 0+
The same current flows through
both the inductor and capacitor
𝑡→∞
Step Response of RLC Circuits

The complete response of the circuit is the sum of the natural response
and the forced response.
Case Study 1
Case Study 2

𝑖(𝑡)

Find 𝑖 𝑡 for − ∞ < 𝑡 < ∞


𝑡 = 0−

𝑖 0− = 10 A
𝑖(0− )
𝑖𝐿 0− = 𝑖 0− = 10 A

𝑣𝐶 0− = 100 V

𝑖𝐿 (0− ) 𝑣𝐶 (0− )
𝑡 = 0+
𝑖𝐿 0+ = 𝑖𝐿 0− = 10 A

+ 𝑣𝐶 0+ = 𝑣𝐶 0− = 100 V
𝑖(0 )

𝑖 0+ = 𝑖𝐿 0+ = 10 A
𝑖𝐿 0+ = 10 A
+ −
𝑣𝐿 0+
− + 𝑣𝐶 0+ = 100 V

𝑑𝑖(0+ ) 𝑑𝑖𝐿 (0+ ) 𝑣𝐿 (0+ )


= =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐿
𝑖(0+ )

𝑖𝐿 0+ = 10 A
𝑖𝐶 0+
+ −
𝑣𝐿 0+ 𝑣𝐶 0+ = 100 V
− +

50 𝑖 0+ + 𝑣𝐿 0+ + 𝑣𝐶 0+ + 200 𝑖𝐶 0+ = 0

50 10 + 𝑣𝐿 0+ + 100 + 200 0 = 0 𝑑𝑖(0+ ) 𝑣𝐿 (0+ ) −600


= =
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 5
𝑣𝐿 0+ = −600 V
𝑑𝑖(0+ )
= −120 A/s
𝑑𝑡
𝑡→∞

𝑖 ∞ = 10 A
𝑖(∞)
The natural response
𝑅 (200 + 50)
𝛼= = = 25
2𝐿 2 (5)
1 1 100
𝜔0 = = = = 20
𝐿𝐶 5 500 ∙ 10−6 5

𝛼 > 𝜔0 ⇒ Overdamped

𝑠1,2 = −𝛼 ± 𝛼 2 − 𝜔02 = −25 ± 625 − 400 = −25 ± 15

𝑠1 = −10 𝑠2 = −40

𝑖𝑛 𝑡 = 𝐴1 𝑒 −10𝑡 + 𝐴2 𝑒 −40𝑡 A
The forced response
𝑖𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑖 ∞ = 10 A
The complete response

𝑖 𝑡 = 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 + 𝑖𝑛 (𝑡)

𝑖 𝑡 = 10 + 𝐴1 𝑒 −10𝑡 + 𝐴2 𝑒 −40𝑡 A
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
= −10 𝐴1 𝑒 −10𝑡 − 40 𝐴2 𝑒 −40𝑡 A/s
𝑑𝑡
𝑡 = 0+ 𝑖 0+ = 10 + 𝐴1 + 𝐴2
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 = 0 (1)
10 = 10 + 𝐴1 + 𝐴2
𝑑𝑖(0+ )
= −10 𝐴1 − 40 𝐴2
𝑑𝑡 𝐴1 + 4 𝐴2 = 12 (2)
−120 = −10 𝐴1 − 40 𝐴2

From equation (1) and (2) : 𝐴1 = −4 𝐴2 = 4


The complete response
𝑖 𝑡 = 10 − 4 𝑒 −10𝑡 + 4 𝑒 −40𝑡 A (𝑡 > 0)
The complete response for - < t < 
10 A 𝑡<0
𝑖 𝑡 =
10 − 4 𝑒 −10𝑡 + 4 𝑒 −40𝑡 A 𝑡>0
12

11

10

6
-0.5 0 0.5 1

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