SILVER OAK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERNG AND TECHNOLOGY

ADITYA SILVER OAK INSITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION QUESTION BANK – NOV/DEC ’22

Subject Name: Advance Aerodynamics

UNIT-1
1. Derive continuity equation for Normal Shock.
2. Derive momentum equation for Normal Shock.
3. Derive Energy equation for Normal Shock.
4. Derive speed of Sound.
5. Derive special forms of Energy equation.
6. Explain Normal Shock relations.
7. Consider the flow properties at the point in the flow, where the temperature is 320 K and the
velocity is 1000 m/s. Calculate the Mach number at this point.
8. Calculate the ratio of kinetic energy to internal energy at a point in an airflow where the Mach
number is: (a) M = 2, and (b) M = 20.
9. (a) Consider a long tube with a length of 300 m. The tube is filled with air at a temperature of
320 K. A sound wave is generated at one end of the tube. How long will it take for the wave to
reach the other end?
(b) If the tube is filled with helium at a temperature of 320 K, and a soundwave is generated at
one end of the tube, how long will it take the sound wave to reach the other end? For a
monatomic gas such as helium, γ = 1.67. Also, for helium R = 2078.5 J/(Kg·K).
10. Consider a point in an airflow where the local Mach number, static pressure, and static
temperature are 3.5, 0.3 atm, and 180 K, respectively. Calculate the local values of p0, T0, T∗,
a∗, and M∗ at this point.
11. Consider a normal shockwave in air where the upstream flow properties are u1 = 680 m/s, T1 =
288 K, and p1 = 1 atm. Calculate the velocity, temperature, and pressure downstream of the
shock.
12. Consider a normal shock wave in a supersonic airstream where the pressure upstream of the
shock is 1 atm. Calculate the loss of total pressure across the shock wave when the upstream
Mach number is (a) M1 = 2, and (b) M1 = 4. Compare these two results and comment on their
implication.
13. The temperature ratio across a normal shockwave in air is 5.8. What are the Mach numbers in
front of and behind the wave? What are the density and pressure ratios across the wave?
14. The Mach number behind a normal shock wave is 0.4752. What is the Mach number in front
of the wave? What are the density, pressure, and temperature ratios across the shock?
15. The velocity and temperature of the flow ahead of a normal shock wave are 1215 m/s and 300
K, respectively. Calculate the velocity of the flow behind the shock.
16. Consider a normal shock with an upstream Mach number of 3.53. Obtain the downstream Mach
number by:
(a) Using the nearest entry in the tables.
(b) Interpolating the tabulated values.
(c) Exact analytical calculations.
Compare the accuracy of the results.
17. The ramjet is shown in a supersonic freestream with a detached shockwave ahead of the inlet.
The portion of the shock just to the left of point 1 is a normal shock. After passing through the
shock wave, the flow from point 1 to point 2, located at the entrance to the combustor, is
isentropic. The ramjet is flying at Mach 2 at a standard altitude of 10 km, where the air pressure
and temperature are 2.65 × 104 N/m2 and 223.3 K, respectively. Calculate the air temperature
and pressure at point 2 when the Mach number at that point is 0.2.
18. Consider air at a temperature of 230 K. Calculate the speed of sound.
19. The temperature in the reservoir of a supersonic wind tunnel is 519 oR. In the test section, the
flow velocity is 1385 ft/s. Calculate the test-section Mach number. Assume the tunnel flow is
adiabatic.
20. At a given point in a flow, T = 300 K, p = 1.2 atm, and V = 250 m/s. At this point, calculate the
corresponding values of p0, T0, p∗, T∗, and M∗.

21. At a given point in a flow, T = 700 oR, p = 1.6 atm, and V = 2983 ft/s. At this point, calculate
the corresponding values of p0, T0, p∗, T∗, and M∗.
22. Consider the isentropic flow through a supersonic nozzle. If the test-section conditions are
given by p = 1 atm, T = 230 K, and M = 2, calculate the reservoir pressure and temperature.
23. Consider the isentropic flow over an airfoil. The freestream conditions correspond to a standard
altitude of 10,000 ft and M∞ = 0.82. At a given point on the airfoil, M = 1.0. Calculate p and T
at this point.
24. The flow just upstream of a normal shock wave is given by p1 = 1 atm, T1 = 288 K, and M1 =
2.6. Calculate the following properties just downstream of the shock: p2, T2, ρ2, M2, p0,2, T0,2,
and the change in entropy across the shock.
25. The pressure upstream of a normal shock wave is 1 atm. The pressure and temperature
downstream of the wave are 10.33 atm and 1390 oR, respectively. Calculate the Mach number
and temperature upstream of the wave and the total temperature and total pressure downstream
of the wave.
26. The flow just upstream of a normal shock wave is given by p1 = 1800 lb/ft2, T1 = 480 ◦R, and
M1 = 3.1. Calculate the velocity and M∗ behind the shock.
27. Consider a flow with a pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 288 K. A Pitot tube is inserted
into this flow and measures a pressure of 1.555 atm. What is the velocity of the flow?
UNIT-2
1. Derive continuity equation for oblique Shock.
2. Derive momentum equation for oblique Shock.
3. Derive Energy equation for oblique Shock.
4. Describe Supersonic Flow over Wedges and Cones,
5. Explain Shock Interactions and Reflections,
6. Derive Prandtl-Meyer function and deflection angle.
7. Explain Oblique Shock Relations.
8. Derive θ-β-M relation.
9. Consider an oblique shock wave with a wave angle of 30o. The upstream flow Mach number is
2.4. Calculate the deflection angle of the flow, the pressure and temperature ratios across the
shock wave, and the Mach number behind the wave.
10. Consider an oblique shock wave with β = 35o and a pressure ratio p2/p1 = 3. Calculate the
upstream Mach number. Consider a Mach 3 flow. It is desired to slow this flow to a subsonic
speed. Consider two separate ways of achieving this: (1) the Mach 3 flow is slowed by passing
directly through a normal shock wave; (2) the Mach 3 flow first passes through an oblique
shock with a 40o wave angle, and then subsequently through a normal shock. These two cases
are sketched in Figure.

Calculate the ratio of the final total pressure values for the two cases, that is, the total pressure
behind the normal shock for case 2 divided by the total pressure behind the normal shock for
case 1.
11. Consider an oblique shock wave generated by a compression corner with a 10o deflection angle.
The Mach number of the flow ahead of the corner is 3.6; the flow pressure and temperature are
standard sea level conditions. The oblique shock wave subsequently impinges on a straight wall
opposite the compression corner. The geometry for this flow is given in Figure.
12. Calculate the angle of the reflected shock wave ϕ relative to the straight wall. Also, obtain the
pressure, temperature, and Mach number behind the reflected wave.
13. A supersonic flow with M1 = 1.5, p1 = 1 atm, and T1 = 288 K is expanded around a sharp corner
through a deflection angle of 15o. Calculate M2, p2, T2, p0,2, T0,2, and the angles that the forward
and rearward Mach lines make with respect to the upstream flow direction.

14. A slender missile is flying at Mach 1.5 at low altitude. Assume the wave generated by the nose
of the missile is a Mach wave. This wave intersects the ground 559 ft behind the nose. At what
altitude is the missile flying?
15. Consider an oblique shock wave with a wave angle of 30o in a Mach 4 flow. The upstream
pressure and temperature are 2.65 × 104 N/m2 and 223.3 K, respectively (corresponding to a
standard altitude of 10,000 m). Calculate the pressure, temperature, Mach number, total
pressure, and total temperature behind the wave and the entropy increase across the wave.
16. Consider an oblique shock wave with a wave angle of 36.87o. The upstream flow is given by
M1 = 3 and p1 = 1 atm. Calculate the total pressure behind the shock using (a) p0,2/p0,1 from
Appendix B (the correct way), (b) p0,2/p1 from Appendix B (the incorrect way). Compare the
results.
17. Consider the flow over a 22.2o half-angle wedge. If M1 = 2.5, p1 = 1 atm, and T1 = 300 K,
calculate the wave angle and p2, T2, and M2.
18. A 30.2o half-angle wedge is inserted into a freestream with M∞ = 3.5 and p∞ = 0.5 atm. A Pitot
tube is located above the wedge surface and behind the shock wave. Calculate the magnitude
of the pressure sensed by the Pitot tube.
19. Consider a Mach 4 airflow at a pressure of 1 atm. We wish to slow this flow to subsonic speed
through a system of shock waves with as small a loss in total pressure as possible. Compare the
loss in total pressure for the following three shock systems:
a. A single normal shock wave
b. An oblique shock with a deflection angle of 25.3o, followed by a normal shock
c. An oblique shock with a deflection angle of 25.3o, followed by a second oblique shock of
deflection angle of 20o, followed by a normal shock
From the results of (a), (b), and (c), what can you induce about the efficiency of the various
shock systems?
20. Consider an oblique shock generated at a compression corner with a deflection angle θ = 18.2o.
A straight horizontal wall is present above the corner, as shown in Figure. If the upstream flow
has the properties M1 = 3.2, p1 = 1 atm and T1 = 520oR, calculate M3, p3, and T3 behind the
reflected shock from the upper wall. Also, obtain the angle ϕ which the reflected shock makes
with the upper wall.
21. Consider the supersonic flow over an expansion corner, such as given in Figure. The deflection
angle θ = 23.38o. If the flow upstream of the corner is given by M1 = 2, p1 = 0.7 atm, T1 =
630oR, calculate M2, p2, T2, ρ2, p0,2, and T0,2 downstream of the corner. Also, obtain the angles
the forward and rearward Mach lines make with respect to the upstream direction.
22. A supersonic flow at M1 = 1.58 and p1 = 1 atm expands around a sharp corner. If the pressure
downstream of the corner is 0.1306 atm, calculate the deflection angle of the corner.
23. A supersonic flow at M1 = 3, T1 = 285 K, and p1 = 1 atm is deflected upward through a
compression corner with θ = 30.6o and then is subsequently expanded around a corner of the
same angle such that the flow direction is the same as its original direction. Calculate M3, p3,
and T3 downstream of the expansion corner. Since the resulting flow is in the same direction as
the original flow, would you expect M3 = M1, p3 = p1, and T3 = T1? Explain.
UNIT-3
1. Explain Over-expansion, optimum expansion and under-expansion of nozzle.
2. Explain about subsonic and Supersonic diffusers.
3. Derive Area-Mach Number relationship.
4. Explain Area-Mach Number relation for expansion in nozzle.
5. Explain Area-Mach Number relation for Diffuser.
6. Derive Critical temperature, critical pressure and critical density,
7. Derive Area ratio as a function of Mach Number.
8. Derive Mass flow rate in terms of Area ratio.
9. Describe Maximum mass flow rate in terms of Area ratio.
10. Derive Mass flow rate in terms of Mach Number.
11. Describe Maximum mass flow rate in terms of Mach Number.
12. Explain Supersonic Wind Tunnels with proper sketch.
13. Elaborate the pressure distribution in nozzle and the effect of back pressure.
14. The Mach number and pressure at the entry of a subsonic diffuser are 0.88 and 5.15 bar
respectively. If the Mach Number at the exit of the diffuser is 0.22, determine the following:
(a) area ratio (b) pressure rise.
15. A convergent nozzle has an exit area of 150cm2. Freon enters the nozzle with stagnation
pressure of 2.2 bar and the maximum mass flow rate is 6 kg/s. Calculate the following: (a)
Stagnation temperature (b) Static pressure and temperature at the nozzle exit (c) Mach number
at the nozzle exit. Take cp=845 J/Kg K, γ=1.22.
16. Air enters a large reservoir and maintains a density of 1.2 kg/m3. If the velocity of sound in the
reservoir is 620 m/s and the throat diameter of nozzle is 1.5 cm, determine (a) maximum mass
flow rate (b) pressure and temperature at the throat.
17. Air is discharged from a reservoir at P0=6.91 bar and T0=325OC through a nozzle to an pressure
of 0.98 bar. If the flow rate is 3600 kg/h. Determine for isentropic flow (a) pressure and velocity
at throat, (b) area and Mach Number at exit, (c) maximum possible velocity.
18. A diffuser has exit to throat area ratio of 1.5 to 1. The inlet Mach number is 0.8. The initial
pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 15OC. Assuming the flow to be isentropic. Calculate the
following for the exit air: (a) exit pressure (b) exit temperature (c) exit Mach number.
19. A supersonic diffuser, diffuses air in an isentropic flow from a Mach number of 3 to a Mach
number of 1.5. The static conditions of air at inlet are 70kPa and -7OC. If the mass flow rate of
air is 125 kg/s, determine: (a) stagnation conditions (b) throat area.
UNIT 4
1. Explain the Velocity Potential Equation.
2. Derive Linearized Velocity Potential Equation.
3. Describe Prandtl-Glauert Compressibility Correction.
4. Explain Critical Mach Number.
5. Describe Drag-Divergence Mach Number.
6. Explain the importance of Area Rule.
7. Elaborate Supercritical Airfoil.

UNIT 5
1. Explain Supersonic Flow.
2. Derivation of the Linearized supersonic pressure coefficient formula.
3. Explain the application to linearized supersonic pressure coefficient on supersonic airfoils.
4. Explain Supersonic airfoil drag.

UNIT 6
1. Explain the qualitative aspects of hypersonic flow.
2. Elaborate Newtonian theory.
3. Explain Newtonian results for a flat plate at angle of attack.
4. Elaborate hypersonic shock-wave relations and another look at Newtonian theory.
5. Describe Mach number independence.