STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 11

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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Central Limit Theorem Definition and Illustration

Background Information for Learners

Central Limit Theorem

If a random sample of size n is drawn from a population with mean µ x and a
variance 𝝈 2x and n is chosen large enough, then the sampling distribution of the
sample mean 𝒙 ̅ is approximately normally distributed with mean E(𝒙
̅) = µ𝒙̅ = µx and
𝛔𝟐𝒙
̅) = 𝝈𝟐𝒙̅ =
variance Var (𝒙 .
𝒏

This theorem says that regardless of the distribution of the population from which
a sample is taken, we can choose a sufficiently large n so that the resulting sampling
distribution will approach a normal distribution. In general, n≥ 30 is large enough
for the sampling distribution of the mean to be approximately normal.
𝒙̅−𝝁
𝒛= 𝝈
√𝒏

̅ = sample mean
where: 𝒙
µ = population mean
𝝈 = population standard deviation
𝒏 = 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞

Example
The average time it takes a group of students to finish a certain class activity is 39 minutes.
The standard deviation is 8 minutes. Find the probability that if 45 randomly selected students
take the activity, the mean time it takes the group of students to complete the activity will be
less than 41 minutes.
Given:
Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 41
𝒙
µ = 39
𝝈=8
𝒏 = 𝟒𝟓

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 Solve the problem 𝟒𝟏−𝟑𝟗
Z= 𝟖 = 1.68
√𝟒𝟓
0.5 + 0.4535 = 0.9535
State the answer So, the probability that the 45 students
will complete the class activity in less than
41 minutes is 95.35%.

Learning Competency with Code

Illustrates the central limit theorem. (M11/12SP-IIIe-2)
Defines the sampling distribution of the sample mean using the Central Limit Theorem.
(M11/12SP-IIIe-3)

Directions/Instructions:
Follow the different steps to answer the following problems applying the central limit theorem.
1. The average time it takes a group of senior high school students to finish a periodical
examination is 45 minutes. The standard deviation is 6.5 minutes. Assume that the variable
is normally distributed.
a. What is the probability that if 50 randomly selected students will take the periodical
test, the mean time will be more than 47.5 minutes?
b. What is the probability that if 50 randomly selected will take the periodical test, the
mean time will be less than 47.5 minutes?
c. What is the probability that if 50 randomly selected will take the periodical test, the
mean time will be between 43 minutes and 47.5 minutes?
d. What is the probability that if 50 randomly selected will take the periodical test, the
mean time will be between 46 minutes and 47 minutes?
2. The mean weight of 16-year old females is 120 pounds with a standard deviation of 12.5
a. If a sample of 35 female is selected, find the probability that the mean weight of the
samples is less than 125 pounds.
b. If a sample of 30 female is selected, find the probability that the mean weight of the
samples is between 120 pounds and 123 pounds.
c. If a sample of 30 female is selected, find the probability that the mean weight of the
samples is between 121pounds and 123 pounds.
3. The average number of milligrams (mg) of sugar of a certain brand of milk tea is 600 mg
with a standard deviation of 28 mg. Assume that the variable is normally distributed.
a. If a sample of 30 servings of milk tea is selected, what is the probability that the mean
sugar content of the samples will be greater than 590 mg?
b. If a of sample 30 servings of milk tea is selected, what is the probability that the mean
sugar content of the samples will be between 590 mg and 605 mg?
c. If a sample of 50 servings of milk tea is selected, what is the probability that the mean
sugar content of the samples will be less than 605?

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REFLECTION:

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References:
Alferez, M. & Duro, M. Statistics and Probability. MSA Academic Institute. 2006

Avelino-Tales, Karen. Senior High School Statistics and Probability. FBN Educational, Inc.
2016

Baccay, E., Belecina, R. & Mateo, E. Statistics and Probability. Rex Book Store. 2016

Chua, S. L., Dela Cruz, E. Jr. O., Aguilar, I.C. & Puro, L. M. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics
(Statistics and Probability). Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016

Lim, Y., Nocon, E., Nocon, R. & Ruivivar, L. Statistics and Probability. Sibs Publishing
House. 2016

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Answer Key
1.

a.

Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 47.5
𝒙
µ = 45
𝝈 = 6.5
𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟒𝟕.𝟓−𝟒𝟓
Z= 𝟔.𝟓 = 2.72
√𝟓𝟎
0.5 - 0.4967 = 0.0033
State the answer So, the probability that the 50 students
will complete the periodical test in more
than 47.5 minutes is 0.33%.

b.

Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 47.5
𝒙
µ = 45
𝝈 = 6.5
𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟒𝟕.𝟓−𝟒𝟓
Z= 𝟔.𝟓 = 2.72
√𝟓𝟎
0.5 + 0.4967 = 0.9967
State the answer So, the probability that the 50 students
will complete the periodical test in less
than 47.5 minutes is 99.67%.

c.

Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 43, 47.5
𝒙
µ = 45
𝝈 = 6.5
𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟒𝟑−𝟒𝟓
Z= 𝟔.𝟓 = -2.18
√𝟓𝟎
𝟒𝟕.𝟓−𝟒𝟓
Z= 𝟔.𝟓 = 2.72
√𝟓𝟎
0.4854 + 0.4967 = 0.9821
State the answer So, the probability that the 50 students
will complete the periodical test between
43 minutes and 47.5 minutes is 98.21%.

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d.

Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 46, 47
𝒙
µ = 45
𝝈 = 6.5
𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟒𝟔−𝟒𝟓
Z= 𝟔.𝟓 = 1.09
√𝟓𝟎
𝟒𝟕−𝟒𝟓
Z= 𝟔.𝟓 = 2.18
√𝟓𝟎
0.4854 - 0.3621 = 0.1233
State the answer So, the probability that the 50 students
will complete the periodical test between
46 minutes and 47 minutes is 12.33%.

2.
a.

Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 125
𝒙
µ = 120
𝝈 = 12.5
𝒏 = 𝟑𝟓
Solve the problem 𝟏𝟐𝟓−𝟏𝟐𝟎
Z= 𝟏𝟐.𝟓 = 2.37
√𝟑𝟓
0.5 + 0.4911 = 0.9911
State the answer So, the probability that the mean weight of
the 35 female samples will be less than 125
pounds is 99.11%.

b.

Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 123
𝒙
µ = 120
𝝈 = 12.5
𝒏 = 𝟑𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟏𝟐𝟑−𝟏𝟐𝟎
Z= 𝟏𝟐.𝟓 = 1.31
√𝟑𝟎
0.4049
State the answer So, the probability that the mean weight of
the 30 female samples will be between 120
pounds and 123 pounds is 40.49%.

106
c.
Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 121, 123
𝒙
µ = 120
𝝈 = 12.5
𝒏 = 𝟑𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟏𝟐𝟏−𝟏𝟐𝟎
Z= 𝟏𝟐.𝟓 = 0.44
√𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟑−𝟏𝟐𝟎
Z= 𝟏𝟐.𝟓 = 1.31
√𝟑𝟎
0.4049 - .1700 = 0.2349
State the answer So, the probability that the mean weight of
the 30 female samples will be between 121
pounds and 123 pounds is 23.49%.

3.
a.
Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 590
𝒙
µ = 600
𝝈 = 28
𝒏 = 𝟑𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟓𝟗𝟎−𝟔𝟎𝟎
Z= 𝟐𝟖 = - 1.96
√𝟑𝟎
0.5000 + 0.4750 = 0.9750
State the answer So, the probability that the mean sugar
content of the 30 sample servings of milk
tea will be greater than 590 mg is 97.50%.

b.
Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 590, 605
𝒙
µ = 600
𝝈 = 28
𝒏 = 𝟑𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟓𝟗𝟎−𝟔𝟎𝟎
Z= 𝟐𝟖 = - 1.96
√𝟑𝟎

𝟔𝟎𝟓−𝟔𝟎𝟎
Z= 𝟐𝟖 = 0.98
√𝟑𝟎
0.4750 + 0.3365= 0.8115
State the answer So, the probability that the mean sugar
content of the 30 sample servings of milk
tea will be between 590 mg and 605 mg is
81.15%.

107
c.

Steps Solution
Identify the given information ̅ = 605
𝒙
µ = 600
𝝈 = 28
𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎
Solve the problem 𝟔𝟎𝟓−𝟔𝟎𝟎
Z= 𝟐𝟖 = 1.26
√𝟓𝟎
0.5000 + 0.3962 = 0.8962
State the answer So, the probability that the mean sugar
content of the 30 sample servings of milk
tea will be less than 605 mg is 89.62%.

108