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    Lesson 2.2 Rational Exponents and Radicals

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    Liendon Joey Parreño
    This document discusses rational exponents and radicals. Rational exponents are exponents that are fractions or contain rational numbers. Expressions with rational exponents can be simplified using the laws of exponents. Radicals indicate a root is being taken, with the index representing the root and the radicand being the expression inside the radical. Rational exponents can be converted to radicals and vice versa. Radical expressions are simplified by factoring completely and removing perfect factors. Operations on radical expressions require making sure the expressions have the same radical form or index before adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing. Rationalizing the denominator eliminates radicals in the denominator by multiplying the numerator and denominator by an appropriate expression.

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    Lesson 2.2 Rational Exponents and Radicals

    Uploaded by

    Liendon Joey Parreño
    139 views31 pages
    This document discusses rational exponents and radicals. Rational exponents are exponents that are fractions or contain rational numbers. Expressions with rational exponents can be simplified using the laws of exponents. Radicals indicate a root is being taken, with the index representing the root and the radicand being the expression inside the radical. Rational exponents can be converted to radicals and vice versa. Radical expressions are simplified by factoring completely and removing perfect factors. Operations on radical expressions require making sure the expressions have the same radical form or index before adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing. Rationalizing the denominator eliminates radicals in the denominator by multiplying the numerator and denominator by an appropriate expression.

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    This document discusses rational exponents and radicals. Rational exponents are exponents that are fractions or contain rational numbers. Expressions with rational exponents can be simplified using the laws of exponents. Radicals indicate a root is being taken, with the index representing the root and the radicand being the expression inside the radical. Rational exponents can be converted to radicals and vice versa. Radical expressions are simplified by factoring completely and removing perfect factors. Operations on radical expressions require making sure the expressions have the same radical form or index before adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing. Rationalizing the denominator eliminates radicals in the denominator by multiplying the numerator and denominator by an appropriate expression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    139 views31 pages

    Lesson 2.2 Rational Exponents and Radicals

    Uploaded by

    Liendon Joey Parreño
    This document discusses rational exponents and radicals. Rational exponents are exponents that are fractions or contain rational numbers. Expressions with rational exponents can be simplified using the laws of exponents. Radicals indicate a root is being taken, with the index representing the root and the radicand being the expression inside the radical. Rational exponents can be converted to radicals and vice versa. Radical expressions are simplified by factoring completely and removing perfect factors. Operations on radical expressions require making sure the expressions have the same radical form or index before adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing. Rationalizing the denominator eliminates radicals in the denominator by multiplying the numerator and denominator by an appropriate expression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 31

    Rational Exponents and

    Radicals
    Precalculus/ Trigonometry
    9-STE
    October 1, 2021
    Rational Exponents
    𝟏
    If 𝒏 is a natural number greater than 1, and 𝒙 is a real number, then 𝒙 𝒏
    is a rational exponent.
    Rational exponents are exponents composed of rational numbers or
    fractions.
    Example 1
    Find out which of the following expressions have rational exponents.
    5
    1. 2𝑥 4

    2. 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 − 5𝑦
    𝑎𝑧 −1
    3. 𝑘
    3 5
    4. 𝑡 2
    5
    4
    5. 8𝑏𝑐 13
    Law of Exponents
    Example 2
    Simplify each of the following expressions that have rational exponents.
    2
    −7
    1. 5
    3 5
    2. 𝑥 −2 𝑦 5
    𝑎𝑧 −1
    3. 2
    𝑧8
    2 3 −1
    −
    4. 5 7 ⋅5 7
    4
    8𝑏𝑐 13
    5. 3
    −
    2𝑏 13 𝑐
    Radicals

    The radical sign ( ) indicates


    that a root is being taken.
    Index is the root of the radical.
    Usually, it is read as “nth root”.
    Radicand is the expression
    inside the radical sign.
    Rational
    Exponents into
    Radicals
    Examples
    Rational
    Exponents into
    Radicals
    Examples
    Radicals into
    Rational
    Exponents
    Example
    Write the expressions with radicals into expressions with rational
    exponents.
    1. 8 + 2𝑦 3

    2. 3𝑎𝑏𝑐
    3. 𝑥 − 3 4𝑥𝑦
    4
    4. 3𝑎𝑏 𝑐 − 5 𝑥 𝑥 2
    Simplifying Radical Expressions
    Note
    A radical expression will
    be in simplest form if:
    • It has been
    factored
    completely and all
    perfect factors
    removed;
    • It cannot contain a
    fraction; and
    • If it is in fractional
    form, the
    denominator
    cannot contain a
    radical expression.
    Example
    Simplify the following:
    1. 56
    2. 3 27
    3
    3. 81𝑥 7 𝑦 4 𝑧 6
    3
    4. 49
    3 𝑥
    5. 125
    81𝑎𝑏
    6. 36𝑐 2 𝑑
    Performing Operations on Radical
    Expressions
    Addition/Subtraction of Radical Expressions
    • In order to add/subtract radical expressions, we need to make sure
    that the expressions have exactly the same radical forms.
    • Sometimes, we need to simplify first before adding/subtracting.
    Example
    Perform the indicated operations.
    1. 2 5 + 3 5
    2. 2 5 − 3 5
    5 5
    3. 2 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 7 𝑥 2 𝑦
    5 5
    4. 2 𝑥2𝑦 − 7 𝑥2𝑦
    5. 27 + 48
    6. 27 − 48
    Multiplication/Division of Radical Expression
    • In order to multiply/divide radical expressions, we need to make sure
    that the expressions have the same index.
    𝑎 𝑎
    𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 or =
    𝑏 𝑏
    • First, multiply/divide the numbers or variables outside the radical, the
    multiply/divide the numbers or variables inside the radical.
    Example
    Perform the indicated operation.
    1. 2 5 ⋅ 3 5
    2 5
    2. 3 5
    6 6
    3. 𝑥 3𝑦4 ⋅ 𝑥 2𝑦2
    6
    𝑥 3 𝑦4
    4. 6
    𝑥 2 𝑦2
    5. 3𝑥 − 4 3𝑥 + 2
    3 5
    6. 2 3
    Rationalizing the Denominators; Standard
    Form

    It is often useful to eliminate the radical in a denominator by


    multiplying both numerator and denominator by an appropriate
    expression. This procedure is called rationalizing the denominator.
    For instance,
    1 1 1 𝑎 𝑎
    = ⋅1= ⋅ =
    𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
    Rationalizing the Denominators; Standard
    Form

    𝑛
    In general, if the denominator is of the form 𝑎𝑚 with 𝑚 < 𝑛, then
    𝑛
    multiplying the numerator and denominator by 𝑎𝑛−𝑚 will rationalize
    the denominator, because (for 𝑎 > 0)
    𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑎𝑚 ⋅ 𝑎𝑛−𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛−𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎
    A fractional expression whose denominator contains no radicals is
    said to be in standard form.
    Example 12

    Put each fractional expression into standard form by rationalizing the


    denominator.
    2
    a)
    3
    1
    b) 3
    5

    7 1
    c) 𝑎2
    Exercise
    Exercise
    Performance Assessment 1
    Analyze the problem and answer the following question. Write your
    answer in a long-sized bond paper.
    2.

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