The Umbelliferae Family

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THE UMBELLIFERAE FAMILY

The Umbelliferae family includes plants whose defining characteristic is the


arrangement of their flowers in umbels, hence their name. Some species, such as
hemlock, can be poisonous, while others are edible. A few examples: dill, anise, garden
angelica, carrots, caraway, celery, chervil, cilantro, cumin, fennel, parsnips, and parsley.

THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY


The Lamiaceae family includes plants with leaves containing many small glands that
secrete essential oils, making these plants highly fragrant. That is why many are used in
herbal teas (mint, lemon balm), jams (mint), cooking (sage, thyme, savory), perfumes
(oregano, lavender), and more. A few examples: basil, catnip, hyssop, lavender,
marjoram, white horehound, lemon balm, oregano, rosemary, savory, sage, and thyme.

THE SOLANACEAE FAMILY


The Solanaceae family includes herbaceous plants, shrubs, trees, and vines that grow
in temperate to tropical regions. A few examples: eggplants, bell
peppers, potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes.

THE ASTERACEAE FAMILY


The Asteraceae (or Compositae) family is very large, including nearly 13,000 species,
mostly herbaceous plants but also some trees, shrubs, and vines. A few examples:
absinthe, artichokes, chamomile, cardoons, chicory, tarragon, lettuce, dandelions,
and salsify.

THE BRASSICACEAE FAMILY


The Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae) family is characterized by a siliquose fruit and a four-
sepaled flower, with four petals in a cross shape and six stamens, including two smaller
ones. A few examples: cabbages, watercress, turnips, and radishes.

THE LILIACEAE FAMILY


The Liliaceae family includes plants with leaves that are usually vertical and very long,
as well as flowers with six colorful petals. These species can be ornamental or
medicinal, or can be eaten or used to make textiles. A few examples: garlic, asparagus,
chives, shallots, onions, and leeks.

THE ROSACEAE FAMILY


The Rosaceae family includes herbaceous and woody plants with alternate leaves and
either simple or composite flowers, usually pinkish in color. A few examples:
strawberries, cherries, raspberries, blackberries, pears, apples, and plums.

THE CUCURBITACEAE FAMILY


The Cucurbitaceae family includes herbaceous plants (and a few very rare shrubs),
usually rampant or else climbing, using spiral tendrils. They live in temperate, hot, and
tropical regions. A few examples: pumpkins, squash, cucumbers, and melons.
THE CHENOPODIACEAE FAMILY
The Chenopodiaceae family includes plants without petals that often grow in soil rich in
salts or nitrates. A few examples: Swiss chard, beets, and spinach.
THE FABACEAE FAMILY
The Fabaceae family, commonly known as pulses, includes herbaceous plants, shrubs,
trees, and vines. This family is present in regions that range from cold to tropical. A few
examples: beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, soy, and fava beans.
THE POACEAE FAMILY
The Poaceae family, formerly known as Gramineae, includes nearly 12,000 species in
over 700 genera. Most plants that we commonly call “grains” belong to this family, but it
also includes other species, such as bamboo. A few examples: corn, rice, wheat, barley,
oats, rye, and millet.
Root Bulb Stem Seed Flower Leaf Fruit Inditerminate
Garlic
Artichokes
Asparagus
Eggplants
Avocados
Chard
Beets
Brocoli
Cardoons
Carotts
Celery
Celeriac
Button
mushrooms
Chestnuts
Brussels
sprouts
Cauliflower
Green
cabbage
Chayotte
Hearts of
palm
Cucumbers
Gherkins
Zucchini
Shallots
Endives
Spinach
Fennel
Fava beans
Flageolet
beans
Ginger
Bitter beans
Red kidney
beans
White
beans
Green
beans
Yams
Lettuce
Lentils
Lamb’s
lettuce
Corn
Melons
Turnips
Onion
Sorrel
Parsnips
Sweet
potatoes
Pattypan
squash
Parsley
Peas
Dandelion
greens
Leeks
Chickpeas
Pepper
Red kuri
squash
Winter
squash
Purslane
Radishes
Black
radishes
Horseradish
Arugula
Rutabagas
Salsify
Soy
Tomatoes
Jerusalem
artichokes

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