Chromolith
Chromolith
How can I enhance efficiency of high performance separations and reduce costs?
Quite simply: By using EMD Chemicals Chromolith HPLC technology, which gives high performance at low pressure and longer column lifetime, now for even more application areas.
That's what's in it for you. EMD Chemicals
Your benefits
Improved HPLC system security Column length no longer pressure limited Speed of analysis Standard HPLC instruments are ideally suited for use with Chromolith HPLC columns Cost savings
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Easy to use
Chromolith columns cladded in PEEK are very easy-to-use and handle
Cost savings
Cost savings due to faster sample throughput (in USA typically $ 400 per day if analysis time is halved) can repay revalidation expenses (in USA typically $ 12,000) in about 6 weeks Cost saving due to significantly longer column lifetime
The speed and performance of particulate HPLC columns are limited by column pressure
Particulate HPLC columns are filled with particles, typically silica with 3 or 5 micron particle size. Very small particle size brings one advantage high separation performance. But small particle size also brings three limitations: high column back-pressure limits the speed of analysis and the column length particulate columns can easily block, thereby reducing lifetime lifetime of HPLC instrument and injector seals is reduced at high pressure
Acquity UPLC columns use even smaller particles (1.7 m) requiring ultra-high pressures. Here the user requires a special new instrument, in order to operate at these high pressures.
(Acquity UPLC is a trademark of Waters Corporation)
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Separation of Trypsin digested BSA (200 fmol) on monolithic and particulate capillaries using gradient conditions of water and acetonitrile with 0.08% - 0.1% formic acid.
Separation of proteins
mAU 30 25 20 15 REM of column cross-section showing monolithic structure 10 5 0 CapRod column
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A mixture of four proteins (12 kDa - 85 kDa: Cytochrome C, Ribonuclease A, BSA, Apo-Transferrin) was separated on a Chromolith CapRod 100m RP-8e capillary under gradient conditions using water and acetonitrile with 0.08 % - 0.1 % formic acid as the mobile phase.
Various chromatograms of up to 100 injections are shown. 500 fmol Cytochrome C was digested with Trypsin and subsequently separated on a Chromolith CapRod 50 m RP-18e capillary at a flow rate of 500 nl / min using a gradient with 2 % - 40 % water/Acetonitrile (20 % / 80%, v:v) in 0.08 % formic acid ramped for 10 minutes. There is no obvious difference in the separation between the first run (bottom) and after 100 injections (top).
The new top-player in monolithic HPLC columns for UHPLC, UPLC or standard HPLC
Ultra-high performance in combination with extraordinary low operating pressure makes the Chromolith 2 mm column technology unique. Excellent ultra-fast results are obtained, not only in the new UHPLC and UPLC instruments, but equally well in all standard HPLC systems with low dead volume.
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In Figure 1 the separation of ten antihistamine pharmaceutical standards is complete in less than 2.5 minutes and the column back-pressure at all times during the gradient is less than 120 bar (1740 psi ). In order to achieve the same separation on a 2 mm internal diameter sub-2m particle column with a UHPLC system, an operating pressure close to 1000 bar (14,500 psi ) is required.
Your benefits:
Flexibility this column gives very fast, high performance results with all low dead volume LC instruments, whether UHPLC, UPLC or standard HPLC Flow rates from 0.2 - L in give ideal compatability with LC S systems, 1m /m /M both with ESI and APCI interfaces Long column lifetime and resistance to column blocking (thanks to monolithic silica structure and absence of frits) give method robustness and cost saving
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Chromolith FastGradient RP-18 endcapped 50 - 2 mm recommended particularly for very fast gradient applications in pharma R&D, chemicals, food and academic labs.
Ultra-fast separation of anabolic steroids for LC / MS
In Figure 2 the separation of eleven anabolic steroid standards, as might be required in a doping test, is complete in less than 2.5 minutes and the column back-pressure during the gradient analysis was always less than 135 bar (1960psi). As in Figure 1, similar ultra-fast analyses can be achieved on specialized UPLC systems at pressures around 1000 bar.
Anabolic steroids on Chromolith FastGradient RP-18e 50-2mm Mobile Phase: Gradient: A: Acetonitrile (LiChrosolv) B: Water (LiChrosolv) time A B flow [min] [%] [%] [ml/min] 0.0 15 85 1.50 0.4 15 85 1.50 2.0 100 0 1.00 2.5 100 0 1.00 2.6 15 85 1.00 3.0 15 85 1.00 0.5L 240 nm UV 40C 1.) Fluoxymesterone 2.) Boldenone 3.) Methandrostenolone 4.) Testosterone 5.) Methyltestosterone 6.) Boldenone acetate 7.) Testosterone acetate 8.) Nandrolone propionate 9.) Testosterone propionate 10.) Nandrolone phenylpropionate 11.) Testosterone isocaproate
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Figure 1 Chromolith RP -18e 100 - 4.6 mm 1 Flow rate: 4.0 mL /min Back pressure: 137 bar
Figure 2 Chromolith RP -18e 100 - 3 mm 1 Flow rate: 1.7 mL /min Back pressure: 100 bar 3 Mobile phase: Detection: Temperature: Inj. Volume: Sample: Acetonitrile / water 40 /60 UV 254 nm 2.4 L flow cell * ambient 1 L * 1) Biphenyl-4.4 -ol 2) Biphenyl-2.2 -ol 3) Biphenyl-4-ol 4) Biphenyl-2-ol
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Your benefits:
Ideal for reducing the time of analysis at low flow rates Ideal for use with standard HPLC instruments Operates at lower flow rates than 4.6 mm i.d. columns cost saving for solvents (typically > $ 1000 per annum) Increased detection sensitivity
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Figure 3 Chromolith RP -18e 100 - 3 mm Flow rate: 2.0 mL /min Back pressure: 92 bar 8
Figure 4 2 coupled Chromolith RP -18e 100 - 3 mm Flow rate: 1.5 mL /min Back pressure: 140 bar 8 2 Mobile phase: Detection: Temperature: Inj. Volume: Sample: 9 Acetonitrile / buffer pH 1.8 (gradient) UV 254 nm 30 C 1 L 1 - 2) by-products 3) Levothyroxine 4 -9) by-products
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Simply by increasing the flow rate to 3 mL/min, the analysis is 3 times faster, the quality of the separation is unchanged and the column back-pressure remains lower than with the 5 m column. If even faster analysis is required, simply increase the flow rate further up to 9 times faster.
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Beta Blockers 1 mL/min and 3 mL/min Column: Mobile phase: Detection: Inj. Volume: Sample: Chromolith Performance RP -18e 100 - 4.6 mm Acetonitrile/0.1 % TFA in water (20/80 v/v) UV 220 nm 5 L 1) Atenolol 2) Pindolol 3) Metoprolol 4) Celiprolol 5) Bisoprolol
Choice of selectivity
RP -18 endcapped and RP -8 endcapped for reversed-phase HPLC Unmodified silica for normal phase HPLC
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Chromolith Validation Kit For correct method validation, it is essential to assess all possible sources of variations. To assist the validation process, the Chromolith Validation Kit includes three columns from three different production batches.
Connecting ten 100 mm columns can give column efficiency exceeding 80,000 theoretical plates. Connecting four 100 mm columns will double the peak resolution.
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81,000 plates at 85 bar pressure Column: Mobile phase: Flow rate: Detection: Temp.: Inj. Volume: Sample: 10 columns of Chromolith Performance RP -18e, 100 4.6 mm 80 /20 Acetonitrile/water 1 mL/min UV 254 nm ambient 10 L 1) Thiourea 5) Propylbenzene 2) Benzene 6) Butylbenzene 3) Toluene 7) Penylbenzene 4) Ethylbenzene
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Column length Back pressure Plate Number N (mm) (bar) (anthrancene) 200 300 400 500 22 33 44 54 19,000 27,000 35,000 41,000
Test of 5 batches
Chromatographic Conditions Column: Mobile phase: Flow rate: Detection: Temp.: Sample: Chromolith Performance RP -18e, 100 4.6 mm Methanol/water 55 /45 (v /v) 1 mL/min UV 254 nm ambient 1) Thiourea 5) 4-Ethylaniline 2) Aniline 6) Diethylphthalate 3) Phenol 7) N,N-Dimethylanilin 4) 2,3-Dihydroxy- 8) Toluene naphthalene 9) Ethylbenzene
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Flow rate: Pressure: Detection: Temp.: Inj. Volume: Sample: 2.3 4.6 Time (min)
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Chromolith SpeedRod RP -18 endcapped Water: Methanol (2 : 98, v/ v) Fluorescence detection Ex: 295, Em: 330 Injection volume: 1 L Column temp: 40 C Sample: Plasma precipitated with 3 volumes of 2-propanol
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Chromolith SpeedROD at 7 mL in /m
Retention time [min] 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Progesteron Anthracene 2500 3000 Injection No.
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Chromatographic conditions Column: Mobile phase: Detection: Sample: Chromolith Performance RP -18e, 100 - 4.6 mm Acetonitrile/water 60/40 (v/V) UV 254 nm Thiourea 10 g/mL Progesteron 100 g/mL Anthracene 10 g/mL
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The three superimposed chromatograms show the reproducibility of the first, the 1500 th and the 3000 th injections.
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Literature references demonstrating Chromolith HPLC column stability include: 1) V. Borges et al. J. Chromatography B, 804 (2004) 277-287, 2) J-T Wu et al. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 15 (2001) 1113-1119
Chromolith Guard Columns Chromolith Guard Columns further extend the column lifetime and further protect the column from both particulate and chemical contamination. Guard Columns are available in 5 mm or 10 mm lengths and in kits complete with Guard Column holder.
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mAU 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
mAU approx. 90,000 N/m 7 mL/min 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 4 5 Time (min) 0 0 1 2 3 Time (min) 19 mL/min
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Performance 100 - 4.6 mm Flow rate: Injection: Sample: 1 mL/min 2 L 1) Nadolol 1 mg/mL 2) Metoprolol 1 mg/mL 3) Propranolo 0.5 mg/mL
SemiPrep 100 -10 mm Flow rate: Injection: Sample: 4.7 mL/min 100 L 1) Nadolol 100 mg/mL 2) Metoprolol 100 mg/mL 3) Propranolol 50 mg/mL
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Sample Loadability
mAU 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 1 2 By courtesy of Dr. A. Espada and C. Anta, Lilly Spain 3 4 1 DMSO 2
Separation of 80 mg/injection
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Chromatographic conditions Column: Mobile phase: Gradient: Chromolith SemiPrep RP -18e, 100 -10 mm A: Acetonitrile with 0,05 % TFA B: Water with 0,05 % TFA 0 - 1 min 5 % A; 1 - 5 min 5 - 90 % A; 5 - 5.2 min 95 % A; 5.2 - 6.2 min 95 % A Flow rate: Detection: Injection volume: Sample: 8 mL /min UV 214 nm 400 L 1) Propranolol 2) Nifedipine
The sample loadability depends on many factors including the solubility of the sample in the mobile phase. The following example shows that the sample loadability on the Chromolith SemiPrep column can exceed 80 mg. Here DMSO/Methanol (1:1) is used as solvent.
LC/MS Compatibility
Chromolith SemiPrep columns are optimized for LC/MS by a surface modification process minimizing column bleed.
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Max. dichloromethane conc.: Max. tetrahydrofuran conc.: Max. dimethylsulphoxide DMSO: pH range: Max. pressure: Max. pressure: Max. pressure: Max. temperature
5% 50 % 5 % but OK as sample solvent 2 - 7.5 200 bar for 4.6 mm columns 150 bar for 10 mm columns 100 bar for 25 mm columns 50C
RP -8 endcapped L7 (USP) 11 %
Chromolith prep columns have 3m macropore size, 12 nm mesopore size, and surface area is 350 m2/g
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Ordering information
Description Capillary columns Chromolith CapRod RP -18 endcapped Chromolith CapRod RP -18 endcapped Chromolith CapRod RP - 8 endcapped Chromolith CapRod RP -18 endcapped HR Chromolith CapRod RP -18 endcapped Trapping Chromolith CapRod RP -18 endcapped Chromolith CapRod RP -18 endcapped HR Analytical columns 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 50 mm 150 mm 150 mm 0.05 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.2 mm 0.2 mm 0.2 mm 1 column 1 column 1 column 1 column 1 column 1 column 1 column 1.50403.0001 1.50402.0001 1.50400.0001 1.50404.0001 1.50409.0001 1.50405.0001 1.50407.0001 Length Internal Items diameter Ord. No.
50 mm
2 mm
1 column
1.52007.0001
Chromolith Performance RP -18 endcapped Chromolith Flash RP -18 endcapped Chromolith SpeedROD RP -18 endcapped Chromolith Performance RP -18 endcapped Chromolith Performance RP-8 endcapped Chromolith Performance Si Chromolith Column Coupler Chromolith Validation Kit RP -18e (3 columns from different batches) Guard columns Chromolith RP -18 endcapped Guard Column Chromolith RP -18 endcapped Guard Column Chromolith RP -18 endcapped Guard Column kit Chromolith RP -18 endcapped Guard Column kit Semi-preparative and preparative columns
5 mm 10 mm 5 mm 10 mm
Chromolith SemiPrep RP -18 endcapped Chromolith prep Si Chromolith prep RP -18 endcapped
10 mm 25 mm 25 mm
These products are not intended for use as in-vitro diagnostics in terms of European Directive 98 /79 / EC. They are for research purposes only, for investigating in-vitro samples without any medical objective.
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Products are warranted to meet the specifications set forth on their label/packaging and/or certificate of analysis at the time of shipment or for the expressly stated duration. EMD MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO ITS PRODUCTS, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, BY OPERATION OF LAW, BY COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OF TRADE OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. EMD SHALL NOT IN ANY EVENT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY OR SPECIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND RESULTING FROM ANY USE OR FAILURE OF THE PRODUCTS. EMD makes no warranties of any kind for any technical advice provided by EMD, or for any results occurring as a result of the application of such advice. All sales are subject to EMDs complete Terms and Conditions of Sale. Prices are subject to change without notice. EMD reserves the right to discontinue products without prior notice. Purospher, LiChrosorb, LiChrospher, LiChroCART, manu-CART and Hibar are registered trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. UPLC is a trademark of Waters Corp.
EMD Chemicals Inc. 480 South Democrat Road Gibbstown, NJ 08027 (USA) Phone 800-222-0342 Fax 856-423-4389 [email protected] www.emdchemicals.com LT 1003473 1/10