31/o32

UNITN:TESTS OF SIGNIFIGANGE
MALL SAMPLES

Stuidants-t dutai bution:

Lt i Ct= 12,..., n) be aAandbm sam ple, o
size n o m a noimol populaton i t h mean
and Vaai cnCe .Th tundents -t stabutt dained
as

S/Wn
th 4ample maan

and s 1 t an unbiaued estmae

n-

and t o l o n s
the populorthon,Vaa ance
ith . (n-1) ol.f
Studant t-distaibutton
Note
wh s s he sampl vaiicunce
n-1

Atudenta- t tut
As umptror
.Tha paunt
1
populaipn omwhich,, th damplk
daawn nomalluy. distaibubrd
2. Theomplk obuuwattn a indapundunt

stctndaaod deviatkon a untnoNn.

3.h populatron

Appucattos e tdistaibutron
.Ttat th dampe mean
diu
4A hypothetcal, value o th
Agniticanty m
Populatton mtan.

betvuen
2. To t a t the dignifitane othu difaunce
tosamp muanA
 3. To tst the aigoittcen ce oobseaved panttal
and
multiph comelatton tofficiunto
4.To tst n t c a n c ean obseved sampl
Llekton totficunt andsampk Ag4sto

count.
Abudants -t tst n singl man
. A machinnt a macing angin panswith axlu
diametuu o o.1 inchs. A Aandom Aampk oto
Pant 4hens a. maan diamuttn oo.14+2 inchs,

with a standaAd devi ation eo. 04 inch&s.TLAt

whuthr tf poduct corems to spt cacabon

n to c3o («ma soample)

MO,7,x =o.142
S n
-

S 0 x{o.o4)

S 1.33

H : uo1 ( Ha peduct tontme to pe úgication

H' o.7 (two - 4ai ud)

N Kn-1)

n-1
 O,142- O.1

0.o

t3.1s< 3.25=+ at d I enel

sign icane vith df
.. Ho ceun be acccptcd

The noduct Conoma to spetiticetons.

Stdun t - t tut fon dtnenca &ans

tat y two indapcndent

Supp osc N
want to
x/Ct1,2,.. n,)and y: (j=1,2,--y h) l2
sampls ,

and nhava bun daawn hom two nama

populatone with madna x and y MAptctt v aly.

Th tut stattatfe is

t-(-)-(A*-My)
n

with n1)+ (n, -1) =ni+h, -2 d.f

'

hypofhusi that Hha sample is

Undunhe uul
with scume mLcuw,
ola avn aom populattons'

Thun, O beco mss,

 n

n4 th,4, with (ntDa-2) d.f

n+n- 2

2. Tw
l s men A ornd B a Nocina: n a

CAtadn distnit. Faom a sample 4mvay condued

by
by the huad ofia, tha folonina usul na
btauned Stat whuthn thau in an signcant
An in avA age sales betvnun the two

Aalesrmen

A
No. o 4als 20 8

Avaneega Aaluss 20S

tin RA)
Standand Cin ) 20 2S

D 2o
h18 hi, n30 4mault sampl)
11o, 2OS, [1=20, 4225, d f 20 418-2-36
2

S D4+n42 20(20)+ (I6)( 25)-s34.12

+h-2 2+18 - 2

S 23.12
ant

d nu in ava Aals of A and B)

A * M (two-taikd)

n
 7o -205s
23.12 38
Na(20) (t8)

t 3s
7.5IIS

65
= 4. 6S > 2.58 = l t l at d=l % leel o

siqnitcan ce with 3G d.f

H ecttd
he tvwo 4alusmen dajfa
The ovagAalss o
signcan y.
Stndents -t tust orpaed bsA votons:
sizts
. a cqual,i.c,
he sample
wppese h a t
that the damples de pen dlunt
and
nn
piurd toqulhs)
as
obsevauttons at
(u scm
ple

To Hsat t h a samplt mtans diJn signijicaty,

considea the tncments

- yi Ctl, 2 7
d
thet theinuemunts
Unds +hs nud hypoths is
ax duc to tuatfons aampng (is, not

Aignifieant),

whe T: ~ dt and ( d /-a)

with n-1) d. f
3. A compang an angtd an intunsive haining cous
diteam 4aleA roen. A Aandom semplu oto
salRA mnen wa4 ste ctad and +he Voluu i n tooo)

thuiu 4aluu mode in the Wulks Immadiattly haone and

a ta t aahown in the ollonving tabu.

Solusmoan 2 3 5 7 8
o
Sals
bepo ) a 3 5 18 21 19I & 14
Salko
t 18 22 IS 21 13 22 7. 11 12 16

Taut whethn thae s evidene ncNRase inn

mean Aalis.

in aease in Aalks
t o tcuning).
H, uso (th is tncaeast in 4 aulas/
t o5% vl taied)
4igniicane
d. 1o -1 = 9

d-9-d-a -a)*
2 18 +6
23 22
16
5 S o

18 21 O

3.
21 22 - 2

19 1
25
IS 4
& 12
14+ 16 2

30 lo
 d Ed 3o 3
n

h-

S 3.43

d
s/
3.43
t2.76> 1.833 =t at =57. wal o
gntcance wi t6 d.f
Ho is ected

.TheaR is an in cazaat in culs a aininga

Mapnoblems
The mean welky sales s +e 4oap in apaatment

Atos was 146.3 o s paA stoae. Aftes an adveAtike ment

22 steRs incaanrd
Campalan, tha mean ukly sals in
bas 4toR and shoWed a stand and
to I$3.7 pe
daviatron I7.Was the'ad vasbisrmeht campign
4uccsul
n 22 3o ( s mall dcmple)
146.3
3 , IS3.T

T. 2
Lt H.: M: 146.3
146.3 (aight tailkd)
H'
df 22 -1 21
 n-1

S 22 x (r1.2)
21

s' 11.6
t
S/
4 (is3.1 -146.3)

14
3.152
1.972>L12 i o at 5. ina gntica nu
tablk
with 2 d,f

The ad vatse ment campaign Nas ucCCssu

5. A Aandom 4amp
20
o 1o
boys had
+eotuoning 19:
to1 88 83 1S 8 t07

Can vR condudla that +he mean 1 the

popu latton u loo

om h
givan d aa
.
Hp= too
H,:4oo (two -tailed)
n 1o 3o (amall sample)

t33.6
S':n s
n-

S 1o X 1833.6

S 45.14
 -
27.2 139.84
26
22.8 519.8
2.8 63.84F
3.8 14:44
88 9.2 84. 64
83 -14.2 201.644
2.2 484
8 O. 8
6.64
.8
6.04
2.8 84
12
183.36

12 = 97-2

(o

SAn
4 io(a12 -loo)
4s.14

t -o. 19
1tl=o.19b<2.20 = t . af 5 7 aval el
tabl
n i i c a n e . wi 9 dP

.His accepted

he populatton can be taken

-test edifesun ce e
maan:

duppoe we Want to ttut. two .inde pendent

(i=1, 2,..,h) ne Cj-, 2,- . D) have been diay

om noimau poplatton nit6 maan x and

and My

aas pe ctivey ,undu '+he hul hypoth s

H x My
VNehave
t
-y wh S
Dth2
L+L

Uonina dishib utton with (ntn-2) d.f

oninat-
Pob lurms
.Given th ain n
weight (in tas) Pia d
on diuts A
and B, tst he two duts diye
signti cantty Atgen ds thei d et
On ncaase
in weight.

ain in naight Gaun in neight

dane to diutA du to diet'B (x- y- (-9
25
44 -3

32 34
6
30 22 2
8 64
34
36
20 400
24 41 4 16
7 289
14 31
14

32 +0
16
lo 1oo
24 3o -4
322
30 2 4
 2
Gain in weight | Gain in weight| x-
(z-) y-y - 9
de to diut A duu to dixt B

31 3S 3 25

3s 8 49 12 144

2S 2
3

3S 5 2S

29 -

22

336 38D 14410

336 28
2 IS

t Ho: Mx "y (Thene no

ignitean dtnca
maan in Lase in neight du to dict
A and B)
t M y (two- taild)
s ' z ( x -z)+ Z (y-y
nn2-2

s 3 &D +1410
124 15 -2

71.6

)
28 3o

1G()
- O.6)
3.2782
 t1= o. 61< 2.0 6 h a d=5 7 uvel T*1gnYtCan

Wit6 ntn-2 = 25 d.f

Ho s atcpted
no signyîcant diesen ce in mean in aeas

wAIght duu to dits A and B

2. Theheights 6 Aandomy hoen sailas (in inchu

6 3 , 6 5 , 68,62,11, 12. The huighto o o Acndomly
choen soldins aA 61, 62, 6S, 6 6, 6 9, 61, 10,71,72,13.
Dors daa
Auggeat +hat seltien a
talla than
oldins 4ai los

Haight o Highte x-
(a- y-9 y-
saulos 4oldiv
63 6.1 2S 6.8. 46.24
i6S 62 -3 S.8 33.64
68 6S
2.8 184
69 66
-).8 3.24
1 G9 3 2 1.44
72 69 4
I.2 144

2-2 4.84

3.2 lo.24
72
4.2 I7.64
73
S.2
27.0
408 678
60 s3.6

tO8= 68 .

Lat H' Mx=Ay

H,: MAy (aight taulad)-
 z(x-)+ Z(y-g
h +h-2

S 6o+ IS3.6
6+t0 -2

S IS. 2 S7

s'(a+
t 68 67.8
Is.251 6o

O.2
2.o1 71

t o . o99<2.IS : t1l. at o =S evel of

Aignicance wih 4 d.f

H. v accepttd
', Tha avaaage huight o sailos and 4oldiens

a the 4ama.