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@chemeng CH

This document discusses condensers, which are devices used to cool products from distillation towers. Condensers are heat exchangers that have cooling material flowing through tubes. Water is commonly used as the cooling material. Condensers can be placed above or below the distillation tower. Condensers are classified as partial or complete based on whether the distilled product is fully liquidated. They can also be classified as surface or contact condensers.

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Hassane Amadou
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
43 views17 pages

@chemeng CH

This document discusses condensers, which are devices used to cool products from distillation towers. Condensers are heat exchangers that have cooling material flowing through tubes. Water is commonly used as the cooling material. Condensers can be placed above or below the distillation tower. Condensers are classified as partial or complete based on whether the distilled product is fully liquidated. They can also be classified as surface or contact condensers.

Uploaded by

Hassane Amadou
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻧﺩﺳﯽ ﺷﻳﻣﯽ ﺍﻳﺭﺍﻥ‬

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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ‪ :‬ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﭼﻭﺑﺩﺍﺭ‬


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‫‪ -3-3-3‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺳـﺮﺩﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻛﻠـﻲ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩ ﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼـﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻓـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸـﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭙﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3-15‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻨﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﺑـﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
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‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪:‬‬


‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ‪ -‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺮّﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬


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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪:‬‬


‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ‬
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‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻦ )ﭘﺮﻩ( ﻣﻲﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﺨﭽﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬


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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬


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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ‪:‬‬


‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪ (doubel-pipe‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻨﺎژﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ) ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻱ( ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨـﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ﻣﺲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻮﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟ ﻪ ﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻮﻡ ‪:‬‬


‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
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‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻭﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪:‬‬


‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q=ho Ao(to-tos)/ 1‬‬

‫‪Q=(k/x)Am(tos-tis)/1‬‬
‫‪Q=hiAi(tis-ti)/1‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q=uoAo (to-ti)/1‬‬
‫‪Q=uiAi(to-ti)/1‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬


‫‪UiAi & 1 / UoAo‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻭﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﻮﮔﺮﺩ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ‬


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‫ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﻭﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬


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‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺁﺑﻲ‬

Spray Condenser

Water inley.1

Spray .2

Incondensables outlet .3

Inlet of humid vapor .4

Condensates outlet .5

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