Online identity

Internet identity (IID), also online identity or internet persona, is a social identity that an

Internet user establishes in online communities and websites. It may also be an actively
constructed presentation of oneself. Although some people choose to use their real names online,
some Internet users prefer to be anonymous, identifying themselves by means of pseudonyms,
which reveal varying amounts of personally identifiable information. An online identity may even be
determined by a user's relationship to a certain social group they are a part of online. Some can
be deceptive about their identity.
In some online contexts, including Internet forums, online chats, and massively multiplayer online
role-playing games (MMORPGs), users can represent themselves visually by choosing an avatar,
an icon-sized graphic image. Avatars are one way users express their online identity.[1] Through
interaction with other users, an established online identity acquires a reputation, which enables
other users to decide whether the identity is worthy of trust.[2] Online identities are associated with
users through authentication, which typically requires registration and logging in. Some websites
also use the user's IP address or tracking cookies to identify users.[3]
The concept of the self, and how this is influenced by emerging technologies, are a subject of
research in fields such as education, psychology and sociology. The online disinhibition effect is a
notable example, referring to a concept of unwise and uninhibited behavior on the Internet, arising
as a result of anonymity and audience gratification.[4]

Contents

 1Online social identity

o 1.1Identity expression and identity exposure
o 1.2Concept of the mask
 1.2.1Blended identity
 2In different contexts
o 2.1Blogging
o 2.2Human resources
o 2.3Social networks
o 2.4Online business
o 2.5Online learning
 2.5.1Communication
 2.5.2Perception of professor
o 2.6Virtual world
o 2.7Internet forum
 3Benefits and concerns
o 3.1Benefits
o 3.2Concerns
 3.2.1Reliability
 3.2.2Catfishing online
 4Identity management infrastructures
o 4.1Context collapse
o 4.2Reputation management
o 4.3Relation to real-world social constraints
 5Disembodiment and implications
 6Legal and security issues
o 6.1Online identity and user's rights
o 6.2Online predators
 7The market
 8See also
 9Notes
 10External links
Online social identity
Identity expression and identity exposure[edit]
See also: Online identity management and Impression management
The social web, i.e. the usage of the web to support the social process, represents a space in
which people have the possibility to express and expose their identity[5] in a social context. For
example, people define their identity explicitly by creating user profiles in social network
services such as Facebook or LinkedIn and online dating services.[6] By expressing opinions
on blogs and other social media, they define more tacit identities.
The disclosure of a person's identity may present certain issues[2] related to privacy. Many people
adopt strategies that help them control the disclosure of their personal information online.[7] Some
strategies require users to invest considerable effort.
The emergence of the concept of online identity has raised many questions among
academics. Social networking services and online avatars have complicated the concept of
identity. Academia has responded to these emerging trends by establishing domains of scholarly
research such as technoself studies, which focuses on all aspects of human identity in
technological societies.
Online activities may affect our offline personal identity, as well.[8] Avi Marciano has coined the term
"VirtuReal" to resolve the contested relationship between online and offline environments in
relation to identity formation. Studying online usage patterns of transgender people, he suggested
that the internet can be used as preliminary, complementary, and/or alternative sphere. He
concludes that although "the offline world sets boundaries that potentially limit the latitude within
the online world, these boundaries are wide enough to allow mediated agency that empowers
transgender users. Consequently, the term VirtuReal "reflects both the fact that it provides an
empowering virtual experience that compensates for offline social inferiority, and the fact that it is
nevertheless subject to offline restrictions".[9]
Concept of the mask[edit]
Dorian Wiszniewski and Richard Coyne, in their contribution to the book Building Virtual
Communities, explore online identity, with emphasis on the concept of "masking" identity.[clarification
needed]
 They say that whenever an individual interacts in a social sphere, they portray a mask of their
identity. This is no different online and becomes even more pronounced due to the decisions an
online contributor makes concerning his or her online profile. He or she must answer specific
questions about age, gender, address, username and so forth. With the accrual of one's online
activity, his or her mask is increasingly defined by his or her style of writing, vocabulary and topics.
The kind of mask one chooses reveals something about the subject behind the mask, which might
be referred to as the "metaphor" of the mask. The online mask does not reveal the actual identity
of a person; it reveals an example of what lies behind the mask. If a person chooses to act like
a rock star online, this metaphor reveals an interest in rock music but may also indicate a lack
of self-esteem. A person may also choose to craft a fake identity, whether entirely fictional, already
in existence, borrowed, or stolen.
Because of many emotional and psychological dynamics, people can be reluctant to interact
online. By evoking a mask of identity, a person can create a safety net. An anonymous or fake
identity is one precaution people take so that their true identity is not stolen or abused. By making
the mask available, people can interact with some degree of confidence without fear.
Wiszniewski and Coyne state, "Education can be seen as the change process by which identity is
realized, how one finds one's place. Education implicates the transformation of identity. Education,
among other things, is a process of building up a sense of identity, generalized as a process of
edification." Students interacting in an online community must reveal something about themselves
and have others respond to this contribution. In this manner, the mask is constantly being
formulated in dialogue with others and thereby students will gain a richer and deeper sense of who
they are. There will be a process of edification that will help students come to understand their
strengths and weaknesses.[10]
Blended identity
The blended mask perspective is likened to the concept of 'blended identity',[11] whereby the offline-
self informs the creation of a new online-self, which in turn informs the offline-self through further
interaction with those the individual first met online. It means people's self-identity varies in
different social or cultural contexts.

In different contexts
Blogging
As blogs allow an individual to express his or her views in individual essays or as part of a wider
discussion, it creates a public forum for expressing ideas. Bloggers often choose to use
pseudonyms, whether in platforms such as WordPress or in interest-centered blog sites, to protect
personal information and allow them more editorial freedom to express ideas that might be
unpopular with their family, employers, etc. Use of a pseudonym (and a judicious approach to
revealing personal information) can allow a person to protect their real identities, but still build a
reputation online using the assumed name.[12]
Human resources
Digital identity management has become a necessity when applying for jobs while working for a
company. Social media has been a tool for human resources for years. A KPMG report on social
media in human resources say that 76 percent of American companies used LinkedIn for
recruiting.[13] The ease of search means that reputation management will become more vital
especially in professional services such as lawyers, doctors and accountants.
Social networks
Online social networks like Facebook and MySpace allow people to maintain an online identity
with some overlap between online and real-world context. These identities are often created to
reflect a specific aspect or ideal version of themselves. Representations include pictures,
communications with other 'friends' and membership in network groups. Privacy control settings
on social networks are also part of social networking identity.[14]
Some users may use their online identity as an extension of their physical selves, and center their
profiles around realistic details. These users value continuity in their identity, and would prefer
being honest with the portrayal of themselves. However, there is also a group of social network
users that would argue against using a real identity online. These users have experimented with
online identity, and ultimately what they have found is that it is possible to create an alternate
identity through the usage of such social networks. For example, a popular blogger on
medium.com[15] writes under the name of Kel Campbell – a name that was chosen by her, not given
to her. She states that when she was verbally attacked online by another user, she was able to
protect herself from the sting of the insult by taking it as Kel, rather than her true self. Kel became
a shield of sorts, and acted as a mask that freed the real user beneath it.
Research from scientists such as danah boyd and Knut Lundby has found that in some cultures,
the ability to form an identity online is considered a sacred privilege. This is because having an
online identity allows the user to accomplish things that otherwise are impossible to do in real life.
These cultures believe that the self has become a subjective concept on the online spaces; by
logging onto their profiles, users are essentially freed from the prison of a physical body and can
"create a narrative of the self in virtual space that may be entirely new".
Online business[edit]
In the development of social networks, there has appeared a new economic phenomenon: doing
business via social networks. For example, there are many users of WeChat called wei-
businessmen (Wechat businessman, a new form of e-commerce in Wechat) who sell products on
WeChat. Doing business via social networks is not that easy. The identities of users in social
networks are not the same as that in the real world. For the sake of security, people do not tend to
trust someone in social networks, in particular when it is related with money. So for wei-
businessmen, reputations are very important for wei-business. Once customers decide to shop via
Wechat, they prefer to choose those wei-businessmen with high reputations. They need to invest
enormous efforts to gain reputations among the users of WeChat, which in turn increases the
chance other users will purchase from them.
Online learning[edit]
Main article: E-learning
Communication[edit]
Online identity in classrooms forces people to reevaluate their concepts of classroom
environments.[16] With the invention of online classes, classrooms have changed and no longer
have the traditional face-to-face communications. These communications have been replaced by
computer screen. Students are no longer defined by visual characteristics unless they make them
known. There are pros and cons to each side. In a traditional classroom, students are able to
visually connect with a teacher who was standing in the same room. During the class, if questions
arise, clarification can be provided immediately. Students can create face-to-face connections with
other students, and these connections can easily be extended beyond the classroom.[17] For timid
or socially awkward students, this ability to form and extend relationships through personal contact
may hold little appeal.[citation needed] For these students, the appeal may reside in online courses, where
computer communications allow them a greater degree of separation and anonymity.[citation needed]
With the prevalence of remote Internet communications, students do not form preconceptions of
their classmates based on the classmate's appearance or speech characteristics.[18] Rather,
impressions are formed based only on the information presented by the classmate. Some students
are more comfortable with this paradigm as it avoids the discomfort of public speaking. Students
who do not feel comfortable stating their ideas in class can take time to sit down and think through
exactly what they wish to say.[citation needed]
Communication via written media may lead students to take more time to think through their ideas
since their words are in a more permanent setting (online) than most conversations carried on
during class.
Perception of professor[edit]
Online learning situations also cause a shift in perception of the professor. Whereas anonymity
may help some students achieve a greater level of comfort, professors must maintain an active
identity with which students may interact. The students should feel that their professor is ready to
help whenever they may need it. Although students and professors may not be able to meet in
person, emails and correspondence between them should occur in a timely manner. Without this
students tend to drop online classes since it seems that they are wandering through a course
without anyone to guide them.[19][20][21]
Virtual world[edit]
Main article: Virtual world
In the virtual world, users create a personal avatar and communicate with others through the
virtual identity. The virtual personal figure and voice may draw from the real figure or fantasy
worlds. The virtual figure to some degree reflects the personal expectation, and users may adopt a
different personality in the virtual world than in reality.
Internet forum[edit]
Main article: Internet forum
An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold
conversations in the form of posted messages. There are many types of Internet forums based on
certain themes or groups. The properties of online identities also differ from different type of
forums. For example, the users in a university BBS usually know some of the others in reality
since the users can only be the students or professors in this university. However the freedom of
expression is limited since some university BBSs are under control of the school administration
and the identities are related to student IDs. On another hand, some question-and-answer
websites like "ZhiHu" in China are open to the public and users can create accounts only with e-
mail address. But they can describe their specialties or personal experiences to show reliability in
certain questions, and other users can also invite them to answer questions based on their
profiles. The answers and profiles can be either real-name or anonymous.

Benefits and concerns[edit]

Benefits[edit]
A discussed positive aspect of virtual communities is that people can present themselves without
fear of persecution, whether it is personality traits, behaviors that they are curious about, or the
announcement of a real world identity component that has never before been announced.[citation
needed]
 This freedom results in new opportunities for society as a whole, especially the ability for
people to explore the roles of gender and sexuality in a manner that can be harmless, yet
interesting and helpful to those undertaking the change. Online identity has given people the
opportunity to feel comfortable in wide-ranging roles, some of which may be underlying aspects of
the user's life that the user is unable to portray in the real world.[citation needed]
Online identity has a beneficial effect for minority groups, including racial and ethnic minority
populations and people with disabilities. Online identities may help remove prejudices created by
stereotypes found in real life, and thus provide a greater sense of inclusion.
One example of these opportunities is the establishment of many communities
welcoming LGBTQ+ teenagers who are learning to understand their sexuality. These communities
allow teenagers to share their experiences with one another or other older members of the
LGBTQ+ community, and provide both a non-threatening and non-judgmental safe place. In a
review of such a community, Silberman quotes an information technology worker, Tom Reilly, as
stating: "The wonderful thing about online services is that they are an intrinsically decentralized
resource. Kids can challenge what adults have to say and make the news".[22] If teen organizers are
successful anywhere, news of it is readily available. The Internet is arguably the most powerful
tool that young people with alternative sexualities have ever had.[citation needed]
The online world provides users with a choice to determine which sex, sexuality preference and
sexual characteristics they would like to embody. In each online encounter, a user essentially has
the opportunity to interchange which identity they would like to portray.[citation needed] As McRae argues in
Surkan (2000), "The lack of physical presence and the infinite malleability of bodies complicates
sexual interaction in a singular way: because the choice of gender is an "option" rather than a
strictly defined biological characteristic, the entire concept of gender as a primary marker of
identity becomes partially subverted."
Online identity can offer potential social benefits to those with physical and sensory disabilities.
The flexibility of online media provides control over their disclosure of impairment, an opportunity
not typically available in real world social interactions.[23] Researchers highlight its value in
improving inclusion. However, the affordance of normalization offers the possibility of experiencing
non-stigmatized identities while also offering the capacity to create harmful and dangerous
outcomes, which may jeopardize participants' safety.[24]
Concerns[edit]
Primarily, concerns regarding virtual identity revolve around the areas of misrepresentation and
the contrasting effects of on and offline existence. Sexuality and sexual behavior online provide
some of the most controversial debate with many concerned about the predatory nature of some
users. This is particularly in reference to concerns about child pornography and the ability
of pedophiles to obscure their identity.[25]
The concerns regarding the connection between on and offline lives have challenged the notions
of what constitutes a real experience. In reference to gender, sexuality and sexual behavior, the
ability to play with these ideas has resulted in a questioning of how virtual experience may affect
one's offline emotions.[citation needed] As McRae states, virtual sex not only complicates but drastically
unsettles the division between mind, body, and self that has become a comfortable truism in
Western metaphysics. When projected into virtuality, mind, body and self all become consciously-
manufactured constructs through which individuals interact with each other.[26]
Reliability[edit]
The identities that people define in the social web are not necessarily facets of their offline self.
Studies show that people lie about themselves on online dating services.[27][28] In the case of social
network services such as Facebook, companies have proposed to sell "friends" as a way to
increase a user's visibility, further calling into question the reliability of a person's social identity.[29]
Van Gelder[30] reported an incident occurring on a computer conferencing system during the early
80s where a male psychiatrist posed as Julie, a female psychologist with multiple disabilities
including deafness, blindness, and serious facial disfigurement. Julie endeared herself to the
computer conferencing community, finding psychological and emotional support from many
members. The psychiatrist's choice to present differently was sustained by drawing upon the
unbearable stigma attached to Julie's multiple disabilities as justification for not meeting face-to-
face. Lack of visual cues allowed the identity transformation to continue, with the psychiatrist also
assuming the identity of Julie's husband, who adamantly refused to allow anyone to visit Julie
when she claimed to be seriously ill. This example highlights the ease with which identity may be
constructed, transformed, and sustained by the textual nature of online interaction and the visual
anonymity it affords.
Catfishing online[edit]
Catfishing is a way for a user to create a fake online profile, sometimes with fake photos and
information, in order to enter into a relationship, intimate or platonic, with another user.[31] Catfishing
became popular in mainstream culture through the MTV reality show Catfish.

Identity management infrastructures[edit]

A problem facing anyone who hopes to build a positive online reputation is that reputations are
site-specific; for example, one's reputation on eBay cannot be transferred to Slashdot.
Multiple proposals have been made[32][citation needed] to build an identity management infrastructure into the
Web protocols. All of them require an effective public key infrastructure so that the identity of two
separate manifestations of an online identity (say, one on Wikipedia and another on Twitter) are
probably one and the same.
OpenID, an open, decentralized standard for authenticating users is used for access control,
allowing users to log on to different services with the same digital identity. These services must
allow and implement OpenID.
Context collapse[edit]
Context collapse describes the phenomena where the occurrence of multiple social groups in one
space causes confusion in how to manage one's online identity.[33] This suggests that in managing
identities online, individuals are challenged to differentiate their online expression due to the
unmanageable size of audience variations.[34] This phenomenon is particularly relevant to social
media platforms.[33] Users are often connected with a wide range of social groups such as family,
colleagues and friends. When posting on social media, the presence of these different social
groups makes it difficult to decide which aspect of one's personality to present.[33] The term was
first coined in 2003 by Microsoft researcher danah boyd in relation to social networking platforms
such as MySpace and Friendster.[33] Since 2003, the issue of context collapse has become
increasingly significant. Users have been forced to implement strategies to combat context
collapse. These strategies include using stricter privacy settings and engaging in more "ephemeral
mediums" such as Instagram stories and Snapchat in which posts are only temporarily accessible
and are less likely to have permanent consequences or an effect on one's reputation.[33]
Reputation management[edit]
Main article: Reputation management
Given the malleability of online identities, some economists have expressed surprise that
flourishing trading sites, such as eBay, have developed on the Internet.[citation needed][35] When two
pseudonymous identities propose to enter into an online transaction, they are faced with
the prisoner's dilemma: the deal can succeed only if the parties are willing to trust each other, but
they have no rational basis for doing so. But successful Internet trading sites have
developed reputation management systems, such as eBay's feedback system, which record
transactions and provide the technical means by which users can rate each other's
trustworthiness. However, users with malicious intent can still cause serious problems on such
websites.[14]
An online reputation is the perception that one generates on the Internet based on their digital
footprint. Digital footprints accumulate through all of the content shared, feedback provided and
information that created online.[36] Due to the fact that if someone has a bad online reputation, he
can easily change his pseudonym, new accounts on sites such as eBay or Amazon are usually
distrusted. If an individual or company wants to manage their online reputation, they will face many
more difficulties. This is why a merchant on the web having a brick and mortar shop is usually
more trusted.
Relation to real-world social constraints[edit]
Ultimately, online identity cannot be completely free from the social constraints that are imposed in
the real world. As Westfall (2000, p. 160) discusses, "the idea of truly departing from social
hierarchy and restriction does not occur on the Internet (as perhaps suggested by earlier research
into the possibilities presented by the Internet) with identity construction still shaped by others.
Westfall raises the important, yet rarely discussed, issue of the effects of literacy and
communication skills of the online user." Indeed, these skills or the lack thereof have the capacity
to shape one's online perception as they shape one's perception through a physical body in the
"real world."

Disembodiment and implications[edit]

This issue of gender and sexual reassignment raises the notion of disembodiment and its
associated implications. "Disembodiment" is the idea that once the user is online, the need for the
body is no longer required, and the user can participate separately from it. This ultimately relates
to a sense of detachment from the identity defined by the physical body. In cyberspace, many
aspects of sexual identity become blurred and are only defined by the user. Questions of truth will
therefore be raised, particularly in reference to online dating and virtual sex.[citation needed] As McRae
states, "Virtual sex allows for a certain freedom of expression, of physical presentation and of
experimentation beyond one's own real-life limits".[26] At its best, it not only complicates but
drastically unsettles the division between mind, body and self in a manner only possible through
the construction of an online identity.

Legal and security issues[edit]

Online identity and user's rights[edit]
The future of online anonymity depends on how an identity management infrastructure is
developed.[citation needed] Law enforcement officials often express their opposition to online anonymity
and pseudonymity, which they view as an open invitation to criminals who wish to disguise their
identities.[original research?] Therefore, they call for an identity management infrastructure that would
irrevocably tie online identity to a person's legal identity[citation needed]; in most such proposals, the system
would be developed in tandem with a secure national identity document. Eric Schmidt, CEO
of Google, has stated that the Google+ social network is intended to be exactly such an identity
system.[37] The controversy resulting from Google+'s policy of requiring users to sign in using legal
names has been dubbed the "nymwars".[38]
Online civil rights advocates, in contrast, argue that there is no need for a privacy-invasive system
because technological solutions, such as reputation management systems, are already sufficient
and are expected to grow in their sophistication and utility.[citation needed]
Online predators[edit]
Main article: Online predator
An online predator is an Internet user who exploits other users' vulnerability, often for sexual or
financial purposes. It is relatively easy to create an online identity which is attractive to people that
would not normally become involved with the predator, but fortunately there are a few means by
which you can make sure that a person whom you haven't met is actually who they say they are.
Many people will trust things such as the style in which someone writes, or the photographs
someone has on their web page as a way to identify that person, but these can easily be forged.
Long-term Internet relationships may sometimes be difficult to sufficiently understand knowing
what someone's identity is actually like.[citation needed][39]
The most vulnerable age group to online predators is often considered to be young teenagers or
older children.[40] "Over time - perhaps weeks or even months - the stranger, having obtained as
much personal information as possible, grooms the child, gaining his or her trust through
compliments, positive statements, and other forms of flattery to build an emotional bond."[41] The
victims often do not suspect anything until it is too late, as the other party usually misleads them to
believe that they are of similar age.[citation needed][42]
The show Dateline on NBC has, overall, conducted three investigations on online predators. They
had adults, posing online as teenage juveniles, engage in sexually explicit conversations with
other adults (the predators) and arrange to meet them in person. But instead of meeting a
teenager, the unsuspecting adult was confronted by Chris Hansen, an NBC News correspondent,
arrested, and shown on nationwide television. Dateline held investigations in five different
locations apprehending a total of 129 men in all.[43]
Federal laws have been passed in the U.S. to assist the government when trying to catch online
predators. Some of these include wiretapping, so online offenders can be caught in advance,
before a child becomes a victim.[44] In California, where one Dateline investigation took place, it is a
misdemeanor for someone to have sexually-tinged conversations with a child online. The men
who came to the house were charged with a felony because their intent was obvious.[45]

The market[edit]
An online identity that has acquired an excellent reputation is valuable for two reasons: first, one or
more persons invested a great deal of time and effort to build the identity's reputation; and second,
other users look to the identity's reputation as they try to decide whether it is sufficiently
trustworthy. It is therefore unsurprising that online identities have been put up for sale at online
auction sites. However, conflicts arise over the ownership of online identities. Recently, a user of a
massively multiplayer online game called EverQuest, which is owned by Sony Online
Entertainment, Inc., attempted to sell his EverQuest identity on eBay. Sony objected, asserting
that the character is Sony's intellectual property, and demanded the removal of the auction; under
the terms of the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), eBay could have become a party
to a copyright infringement lawsuit if it failed to comply.
A blog (a truncation of "weblog") is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide
Web consisting of discrete, often I formal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse
chronological order so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page. Until 2009, blogs were
usually the work of a single individual,[citation needed] occasionally of a small group, and often covered a single subject
or topic.

Reverse chronology is a narrative structure and method of storytelling whereby the plot is revealed in reverse

order.

Ang reverse chronology ay isang pagsasalaysay na istraktura at paraan ng pagkukuwento kung saan ang balangkas ay
inihayag sa baligtad na pagkakasunud-sunod.

Narrative structure is a literary element generally described as the structural framework that underlies the order
and manner in which a narrative is presented to a reader, listener, or viewer. The narrative text structures are
the plot and the setting.

Ang istraktura ng pagsasalaysay ay isang elementong pampanitikan na karaniwang inilalarawan bilang balangkas ng
istruktura na sumasailalim sa pagkakasunud-sunod at paraan ng paglalahad ng isang salaysay sa isang mambabasa,
tagapakinig, o manonood. Ang mga istruktura ng tekstong salaysay ay ang balangkas at tagpuan.

Identity is the qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, and/or expressions that characterize a person or
group.
In sociology, emphasis is placed on collective identity, in which an individual's identity is strongly associated with
role-behavior or the collection of group memberships that define them.[1] According to Peter Burke, "Identities tell
us who we are and they announce to others who we are."[1] Identities subsequently guide behavior, leading
"fathers" to behave like "fathers" and "nurses" to act like "nurses

Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social

relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.

Ang sosyolohiya ay isang agham panlipunan na nakatuon sa lipunan, panlipunang pag-uugali ng tao, mga pattern ng
panlipunang relasyon, pakikipag-ugnayan sa lipunan, at mga aspeto ng kultura na nauugnay sa pang-araw-araw na
buhay.

Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms within the same species, and encompasses any
behavior in which one member affects the other. 
Ang panlipunang pag-uugali ay pag-uugali ng dalawa o higit pang mga organismo sa loob ng parehong species, at
sumasaklaw sa anumang pag-uugali kung saan ang isang miyembro ay nakakaapekto sa isa pa.

Collective identity is the shared sense of belonging to a group.

Personal data, also known as personal information or personally identifiable information (PII),[1][2][3] is any
information related to an identifiable person.
Ang personal na data, na kilala rin bilang personal na impormasyon o personally identifiable information (PII), ay
anumang impormasyong nauugnay sa isang makikilalang tao.

An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the
form of posted messages
Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission
of text messages from sender to receiver. 
A massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) is a video game that combines aspects of
a role-playing video game and a massively multiplayer online game.
Online disinhibition effect is the lack of restraint one feels when communicating online in comparison to
communicating in-person.[1] People feel safer saying things online which they would not say in real life because
they have the ability to remain completely anonymous and invisible behind the computer screen.[2] Apart
from anonymity, other factors such as asynchronous communication, empathy deficit, or individual personality
and cultural factors also contribute to online disinhibition.[3][4] The manifestations of such an effect could be in both
positive and negative directions. Thus online disinhibition could be classified as either benign disinhibition
or toxic disinhibition
Anonymity[a] describes situations where the acting person's identity is unknown. Some writers have argued that
namelessness, though technically correct, does not capture what is more centrally at stake in contexts of
anonymity. 
Ang anonymity[a] ay naglalarawan ng mga sitwasyon kung saan hindi alam ang pagkakakilanlan ng gumaganap na
tao. Ang ilang mga manunulat ay nagtalo na ang kawalan ng pangalan, bagama't tama sa teknikal, ay hindi nakukuha
kung ano ang higit na nakataya sa mga konteksto ng pagkawala ng lagda

asynchronous communication is transmission of data, generally without the use of an external clock signal,

where data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream.[1] Any timing required to recover data
from the communication symbols is encoded within the symbols.

Ang asynchronous na komunikasyon ay ang pagpapadala ng data, sa pangkalahatan nang walang paggamit ng
panlabas na signal ng orasan, kung saan ang data ay maaaring maipadala nang paputol-putol sa halip na sa isang tuluy-
tuloy na stream.[1] Ang anumang oras na kinakailangan upang mabawi ang data mula sa mga simbolo ng
komunikasyon ay naka-encode sa loob ng mga simbolo.

Technoself studies, commonly referred to as TSS, is an emerging, interdisciplinarity domain of scholarly

research dealing with all aspects of human identity in a technological society[1] focusing on the changing nature
of relationships between the human and technology. 

Ang pag-aaral ng Technoself, na karaniwang tinutukoy bilang TSS, ay isang umuusbong, interdisciplinarity domain
ng iskolarly research na tumatalakay sa lahat ng aspeto ng pagkakakilanlan ng tao sa isang teknolohikal na lipunan[1]
na tumutuon sa pagbabago ng kalikasan ng mga relasyon sa pagitan ng tao at tEKNOLOHEYA