Nature of Art

What is art?
 A skill
o -From the Latin word ”ARS”-
o The Greek word “TECHNE”
 An act of beauty
o From a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics
 An imitation of reality. ( Greeks)
 An expression of feelings or intentions of the artist. (Romantics)
 Art is creation. It is life. To create art is to give life ( Ramon Orlina- Glass Sculptor)
Why do people engage in art?
 To express their emotions and thoughts, real or imaginary
 To produce things of beauty and masterpiece
 To entertain people
 To self-actualize
 To earn money
Functions of Art
 Personal or Individual Function
 Social Function 
 Economic Function
 Political Function
 Historical Function
 Cultural Function
 Religious Function
 Physical Function
 Aesthetic Function
Art Style and Factors Affecting Style
 Geographical Factors - The place where the artist stays influences his works.
 Historical Factors - Historical events exert a great influence on artists, particularly writers.
 Social Factors - Society at most times dictate the types of paintings, sculptures, songs, dances, literary
pieces, and movies to be produced.
 Ideational Factors - The ideas coming from various people also influence artists.
 Psychological Factors - The works produced by the artist are affected by their psychological make - up or
frame of mind. 
 Technical Factors - Techniques matter as far as artistic styles are concerned
 Art serves several functions that have an outcome to its purposes.  These functions include but are not
limited to the following: personal or individual, social, economic, political, historical, cultural, religious,
physical, and aesthetic.
 Every artist has his way of presenting his work. Such is called art style. Such style is affected by the
following factors: geographical, historical, social, ideational, psychological, and technical.
II. Classification of Art Forms
1.Visual Arts
 Art forms perceived by the eyes
 Includes painting, sculpture, and architecture
 Also called spatial art because artworks produced under this genre occupy space
Two Categories of Visual Arts
1.1 Graphic Arts (Two-dimensional Arts)
 Those visual arts that have length and width
 also known as Two-dimensional Arts
 Described as flat arts because they are seen on flat surfaces
 Examples: printing, painting, drawing, sketching, commercial art, mechanical process, computer graphics, and
photography
1.2 Plastic Arts (Three-Dimensional Arts)
Those visual arts that have length, width, and depth (volume)
Also known as Three-Dimensional Arts
Examples: sculpture, architecture, landscape architecture, set design, theater design, industrial design, crafts, and allied
arts.
2.Audio-Visual Arts (Performing Arts)
 Art forms perceived by both ears (audio) and eyes (video)
 Also called Performing Arts
 Examples: musical play, dance, music, theater, and film
3. Literary Arts
 Those presented in the written mode and intended to be read.
 Examples: Prose (short stories, novels, essays, and plays) and Poetry (narrative poem, lyrical poem, and dramatic
poem)
 Artists abound since there are many genres of art. And the number of artists keeps on
increasing as new forms of art emerge. Based on the sensory perception involved, the genres
of art classified into visual arts, audio-visual arts, and literary arts.
III. Historical Background of Philippine Arts
The development of Philippine Art comes in three major traditions. These are the following
traditions:
1. Pre-Colonial / Ethnic Tradition Arts
 Location and the experiences of the Filipinos were the major factors in art production.
2. Spanish Period
 Religion and secularization were the dominant themes of the art forms.
3. American Period to Contemporary Art
 Modernism entered the field of art wherein Filipinos started to explore different materials, methodologies,
and techniques in expressing themselves through non-conventional art.
 Modern Art refers to the practice of art in the 1860s-1960s.
 The urbanization, consumerism, rise of the middle class, change in the political system, secularization, and
the emergence of new technology affected the way of art-making in that period.
4.Contemporary Art
 Refers to the recent and current practice of art ranging from the 1970s up to the present.
 It mirrors society and the culture of the present times.
 It uses a combination of different methods, materials, and ideas that transcend the traditional way of art-
making

 Art plays a significant part in the rich cultural identity of the Philippines. 
 It mirrors the Filipino people, its history, and the country as a whole.
 There are three traditions in the development of Philippine art: Ethnic Tradition, Spanish Colonial
Tradition, and American Colonial and Contemporary Traditions.

IV. Integrative Art and Contemporary Art

WHAT IS INTEGRATIVE ART?
 It refers to the use of arts in other disciplines as in psychology.
 Several art forms are combined to form an artwork.
WHAT IS CONTEMPORARY ART?
 It is the art produced in the present period.
 It includes, and develops from, post-modern art, which is itself successor modern art.
 Contemporary art runs from 1970 until now.

INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY ART

During the 1970s up to the present, the artist began combining different art forms and media. An artist
may now combine two visual art forms, such as painting and sculpture. An artist may integrate two or
more different art forms, such as sculpture and music.  Integrating two or more forms of performing
arts is still common nowadays, even though performing arts are already integrated before the 1970's
such as the case of people's theater. 

DIVISION OF ART STUDY:

1. AESTHETIC OR ART APPRECIATION
 Aesthetics, the science of beauty in which the students learn to admire the artists, value highly different
works of art, and appreciate the role of art in society.
2. ART HISTORY
 The student acquires the knowledge of the artists, their backgrounds, their masterpieces, and their
significant contributions in various fields of art.
3. ART PRODUCTION
 The student learns to use his creativity and apply his artistic knowledge and skills in producing his works of
art.
4. ART CRITICISM
 The student learns to use his judgment in evaluating different artworks based on the criteria set.
SUMMARY
 Integrative art refers to the use of arts in other disciplines as in psychology.
 Contemporary art simply means art produced in the present period.
 Humanities or study of art deals with the four divisions of art study, namely, art appreciation, art history, art
production, and art criticism

V. Four Coordinates of Art Criticism

Every work of art, such as a poem, a novel, an essay, a play, a musical piece, a painting, etc., has
four basic coordinates:
1. the subject matter;
2. the artist;
3. the audience; and
4. its form.

In analyzing a work of art, one may ask questions regarding these coordinates, such as:
1. What is it about? (relating to the subject matter)
2. Who created it? (relating to the artist)
3. How do I react to it? (relating to the audience)
4. What principles have been observed in the integration of these expressive elements? (relating to its form)

These four coordinates of art are the bases for the four principal approaches to art criticism and
appreciation. These four approaches are:
1. mimetic (based on the subject matter);
2. expressive (based on the artist);
3. pragmatic (based on the audience); and
4. aesthetic or formal (based on the form).
1. Subject Matter
The approach to art criticism through the subject matter is called mimetic (derived from the Greek
word, mimesis, meaning imitation). The mimetic approach stresses the importance of the subject
matter or content in art. The merit of a work of art lies in its subject; the beauty of the subject and
significance are the bases for aesthetic judgment.
According to the Greeks, art is an imitation, depiction, or representation of some aspects of nature or
life. That which is imitated, depicted, or represented in art is its subject matter. Anything in the
universe may serve as the subject of art such as the following:
 aspects of nature such as sea, sky, forest, mountains, animals, etc. (often depicted in paintings);
 human concerns in the realm of the experience, action, and deed (as recounted in fiction, narrative poetry,
and the drama);
 emotions and moods (lyric poem);
 ideas (essay);
 spatial forms (sculpture and architecture);
 tonal form (music);
 forms in motion in space and time (dance).

According to the subject matter, art may be classified into two types:
A. Representational or Figurative Art portrays or depicts something other than its form. Examples are Da
Vinci's Mona Lisa, Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake. Literature is principally representational.
B. Non-representational or Non-objective Art represents nothing except its form. Examples: The  Pyramids
of Egypt, the symphonies of Mozart. Among the major arts, architecture is most nearly always non-
objective art, the subject matter and form are one: the form is the subject.

2.  The Artist, Writer, or Creator

From the point of view of the artist (poet, essayist, fiction writer, dramatist, composer, painter,
sculptor, or architect), art is a means of expression, a medium for communicating an idea, an
emotion, or some other human experience, an impression of life, a vision of beauty.
The expressive approach to art criticism stresses the relationship of the artwork to its creator.
In this approach, the artist himself becomes the major element generating both artistic product and
the norms by which the work is to be judged.

3. Audience or Readers
Art always has an audience, even if this audience is none other than the artist himself. The approach
to art criticism, which emphasizes the value and importance of art to its audience, is known as
the pragmatic approach. Pragmatic critics attach little importance to the aesthetic value and instead
judge art according to how useful it is to the audience.

4. Form
With respect to form (the manner of imitation, how the subject matter is handled and presented), art is
composition, a whole consisting of various parts or elements; the selection, organization, and
integration of these elements according to certain formal principles and employing techniques
constitute that which we call the form of art.
SUMMARY:
The brief discussion of the four relationships of a work of art and the four principal schools of art
criticism may be concluded thus: We can appreciate a work of art only when we grasp or comprehend
what is the artist is trying to say (theme, subject) and realize how well, how effectively, how beautifully
he says it (the form).
VI. How to Critique Artworks
An art critique is an evaluation of a work of art.  Art criticism is considered by some to be art
within itself, but although each art critique may approach a work of art uniquely, there is a defined
protocol for the discipline of critiquing a work of art.  Just follow these steps.

1. Describe what you see

 This is the objective portion of the art critique. It involves a technical description. It should include
things like Artist’s name
1. The title of work
2. Type of artwork
3. The subject of the painting (scene).
4. Objects in the painting.
5. First impression. Note the characteristics of the artwork that first jump out at you.
6. Colors used.
7. Shapes, lines, and texture.
8. Light saturation.
9. Sensory qualities. Identifying the predominant mood and visual effect.
2. Analyze the artwork
Evolve the art criticism from a technical description to an in-depth examination of how the technical
elements were utilized by the artist to create the overall impression conveyed by the artwork.
Technical elements you need to analyze when you critique artwork include:
1. Color
2. Shapes, forms, and lines
3. Texture
4. Light and shadow
5. How each technical element contributes to the mood, meaning, and aesthetic sensation of the artwork
3. Interpret the artwork
 This part of an art critique is more subjective than the others, as you are expected to use your
analysis of the technical aspects of the piece of art to apply your supposition to the artist’s intended
purpose for the artwork. Try to accomplish the following things when formulating your interpretation:
1. Communicate the artist’s statement. Describe what you think the artist s trying to say through the work of
art.
2. Expound on the feeling conveyed by the artwork. Describe what the artwork means to you, and why.
3. Explain what you feel is the artist’s intended purpose for creating that particular work of art. Examine why
the artist made the choices in technique, materials, and subject matter and how they relate to the intended
purpose.
4. Identify symbols in the artwork and describe how they relate to the artist‘s technical choices and contribute
to the artist’s execution of the intended purpose.
 4. Evaluate the artwork
This is a summation of the art criticism process leading up to this or point. Use your analysis and
interpretation to draw conclusions and reach judgments about the artwork.
1. State what you think the artwork’s value is. For example, its value may evoke nostalgia, to incite anger, or
to impart beauty. Explain why you feel this way.
2. Describe the artwork’s relevance to the art community and people as a whole.
3. Explain where you feel the artwork has a strong value and where you think it falls short.
5. Use art vocabulary in your art critique
Remember, there are no incorrect descriptions when you critique artwork.  Your goal is not to say
whether or not the art is good, but rather to impart as best you can the visceral response the artwork
incites.
SUMMARY:
An art critique is an evaluation of a work of art.  Art criticism is considered by some to be art
within itself, but although each art critique may approach a work of art uniquely, there is a defined
protocol for the discipline of critiquing a work of art.
There are 5 steps on how to critique artworks:
1. Describe what you see 5. Use art vocabulary in your art critique
2. Analyze the artwork
3. Interpret the artwork
4. Evaluate the artwork

1.1 Elements of Art

1. Line
o refers to a prolongation of a point, or a mark on a surface        

2. Shape

orefers to an area with boundaries identified or drawn using lines
A.  Organic shape can be irregular or rounded.
B. Geometric Shape is two dimensional

2.1 Mass / Form- refers to solid portions of a three-dimensional object       

3. Color
 
o refers to the visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects

Three properties of colors

1. Hue - refers to the basic or pure color and is represented in the color wheel.
2. Value - refers to the lightness and darkness of a color.
3. Saturation - refers to the brightness and dullness of a color.

Color Wheel - sets of colors are referred to as color schemes or color relationships.

Color Schemes:
Monochromatic - involves using the same hue but with different gradients of value.
Analogous - entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color wheel.
Complementary - involves the use of color and its complement - meaning the color located opposite
of the first color.
Split - Complementary - close relative to the complementary color scheme, but instead of using the
color's complement, this scheme uses the two colors adjacent to the complement.
 Triadic- uses three colors that are equal distance with each other.
Tetradic- Also known as a double complementary color scheme, this uses two pairs of
complementary colors.

Value
o refers to lightness or darkness of an area
5. Texture 
o refers to the feel or appearance of a surface
A. Actual Texture- can be felt tangibly based on the material that is used for the artwork
B. Implied Texture- can be exhibited

6.  Space
o refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject
There are two types of perspective:
 Atmospheric perspective-utilizes the properties of light and air in depicting the illusion of distance;
 Linear perspective -involves the use of vanishing points and receding hidden lines.
7. Time and Motion
 movement in visual art can either be an illusion or an actual motion
SUMMARY:
To understand how to describe a painting or a sculpture, it is important to comprehend first the visual elements
of art. These visual elements of art are line, color, shape, value, texture, time, and motion.

1.2 Principles of Art

1.Harmony           
o A most essential factor in a composition                               
o Also called unity
o Achieved when all the elements of a thing are put together to come up with a coherent whole
2.Balance
o Known as physical equilibrium
o Stability produced by even distribution of weight on each side of the thing
o Classified as Formal and Informal Balance
A. Formal / Symmetrical Balance
o Exists if the weights at equal distance from the centers are equal

A.1 Bilateral Symmetry is present when the left and right sides appear the same.
A.2 Radial Symmetry exists when the same measure occurs from the central point to the end of
every radius.
B. Informal/Asymmetrical Balance
o An arrangement in which the elements are not symmetrically arranged, but still appear balanced and
stable
4.Proportion
o Comparative relationship of the different parts to the whole
o Proper and pleasing relationship of one object with the others in a design
5.Emphasis
o Giving proper importance on one or more parts of the thing or the whole thing itself.
1.3 Painting
Painting   
 The process of applying color on a flat surface.
 Some materials that are used in the painting are watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel, and charcoal.
 Surfaces for painting include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper.
 Considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has height and width.
 It is what the work of art depicts or represents.
 It may be a person, an object, a scene, or an event.
 The subject provides the answer to the question: What is the work of art all about?
Subject vs Content
 The subject matter is the literal, visible image in a work e.g., still life, portrait, landscape
while content includes the connotative, symbolic, and suggestive aspects of the image.
 Content is the communication o ideas, feelings, and reactions connected with the subject. It is the ultimate
reason for creating art.
Themes of Painting / Subject Matter in the Visual Art
1.Genre Painting
 Portrays people on daily activities.
 Subjects include painting and harvesting rice, a young woman singing in front of guests, vendors, and
fiestas.

Example: Planting Rice (1946) - Fernando Amorsolo

2.Historical Painting
 Depicts a scene from the past.
 Illustrate a part of the story or a significant event.
 Often has a lesson concerning national values.
EXAMPLE: First Mass at Limasawa - Carlos Botong Francisco
3. Interiors
 This refers to a painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building.
 Usually reveals the social class of the family living in that particular house, as well as the traits of
the people living in it.
4. Nature
4.1 Landscape
  Depiction of outdoor or natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests.
 Example: Oil Painting - Landscape 
4.2 Seascape
 Depicts the sea as its primary subject. Example: Seascape-Jetty- Acrylic Painting
4.3 Cityscape
 Urban scenery or the urban environment as its primary focus. EXAMPLE: Street Umbrella Alone -
Watercolor
4.4 Flora
 Flowers as its primary focus. EXAMPLE: Flower Nature Flora 
4.5 Fauna
 Animal imagery as its primary subject matter
5. Portraits
 This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific individuals.
 Usually portrays the physical characteristics of the subject and seeks to show an understanding of
that person’s character. EXAMPLE: WHANG OD by SoulofDavid on Deviant Art
6. Nudes
 Paintings that portray the unclothed human figure.
7.Religious Painting
 Common subjects include a lone religious image, lives of the saints, and scenes based on the
Scriptures like the nativity scene, and the Stations of the Cross.
8. Still Life
 This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made objects that form a composition in a
natural setting.
 Modern artists who still did still life paintings are Ang Kiukok, Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz, and
Manuel Baldemor. Each artist uses his style in portraying still life.
9. Surrealistic 
 The word "surreal" is associated with strange juxtapositions or absurd combinations, like those
experienced in dreams.
 An effort to make art ambiguous and strange.
 Images are recognizable but are combined with fantastic and unnatural relationships.
10. Abstract Art
 Art in which the artist has started with some visible object and abstracted elements from it to
arrive at a more or less simplified or schematized form.
 Artists often "abstract" objects by changing, simplifying, or exaggerating what they see.
Popular Styles of Painting During the Contemporary Period
 NEO-RELISM which involves creating representational figures that also look abstract;
 Workers, 1974 - Cesar Legaspi
 Hyper-realism or magic realism, in which the subject is painted in a highly realistic way that
resembles a photograph
 Social realism, which entails creating paintings that depict socioeconomic and political
problems
 Pablo Baen Santos
Krista
1984
Oil on canvas
Ateneo Art Gallery Collection
Forms of Painting
1.Easel Painting
 The most common form of painting
 Applying color to a board or canvas that is fixed on upright support called an easel.
 These paintings are meant to be framed and hanged on a wall after creating them.
2. Murals
 A mural is described as a huge wall-sized painting.
 Some artists during the 1980’s believed that the mural should be used to impart messages to
increase social awareness, especially to issues at that time.
 Have a new form called a portable mural that is developed to prevent the mural from being
erased on the wall. The portable mural was created by using bold strokes in applying bright colors
on pieces of cheesecloth or canvas.
3. Telon Painting
 Described as a backdrop or background for the stage. These backdrops are used for komedya,
sarswela, and sinakulo.
4.Jeepney and Calesa Painting
 evolved from calesa painting. In a typical Jeepney, a logo, number, or painting is covered near the
driver’s seat, as well as near the seats adjacent to it. The typically subject matter of jeepney
painting ranges from landscapes to scenes from a comic book.
 The calesa is typically painted using one color. The borders of the calesa are decorated with
geometric patterns, and/or with thin lines.
5. Collage
 This refers to a form of painting that involves combine images in a single artwork.
 Entails cutting and pasting materials such as paper, fabric, tin foil, and other relatively flat
materials onto a board or canvas.
National Artists for Visual Arts (Painting)
Fernando Amorsolo
National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting (1972)
Paco, Manila, National Capital Region
 First National Artist in the Philippines
 Best known for his illuminated landscapes
 Developed the backlighting technique ( making his creations bright and cheerful
Major Works:
 The Mestiza (1943) – National Museum of the Philippines collection
 Dalagang Bukid(1936) – Club Filipino collection
 El Ciego(1928)-Central Bank of the Philippines collection
 Maiden in a Stream(1921)-GSIS collection
 Planting Rice(1946)-UCPB collection
Carlos “Botong” Francisco
National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting (1973)
Angono, Rizal, Region 4 A - CALABARZON
 Distinguished mural painter
 Best known for his historical pieces
Major Works:
 Blood Compact
 First Mass at Limasawa
 The Martyrdom of Rizal
Victorio C. Edades
National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting (1976)
Dagupan,Pangasinan, Region 1 - Ilocos Region
 Recognized as the Father of Modern Philippine Painting
 Known for using dark somber colors in his painting
Major Works:
 The Sketch
 The Artist and the Model
 Portrait of the Professor
 Japanese Girl
Vicente Manansala
National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting (1981)
Macabebe, Pampanga,Region 3 -  Central Luzon
 Known for his paintings depicting realistic themes using the cubic style
 He believed that "the beauty of art is in the process in the moment of doing particular
painting, closely associating it with the act of making love”
Major Works:
 A Cluster of Nipa Hut
 Market Vendors 
 Madonna of the Slums
SUMMARY:
Painting is the application of paint, pigment, color, or other media to a surface. It is
considered two-dimensional (2D Art), meaning it only has height and weight.
 There is always a subject that serves as the foundation of the creation of the work of art.
 The subject matter is the most obvious aspect of an artwork.
 There are two basic types of Visual Art according to the subject matter. These types
are representational or figurative art and non-representational or non-objective .
 There are different themes or subject matter in painting as well as forms and styles.
 These are some of the National Artists for Visual Arts ( Painting):
o Fernando Amorsolo

o Carlos “Botong” Francisco

o Victorio C. Edades
o Vicente Manansala

1.4 Sculpture
 Sculpture has three dimension-height, width, and depth. It is created by either carving or
modeling or assembling parts.
 General and Contemporary Kinds of Sculpture:
o Free -standing,
o Relief (Low/ Bas Relief and High Relief)
o Assemblage -  Lamberto Hechanova's Man and Woman.
o Kinetic Sculpture - Chandeliers made of kiping in Lucban, Quezon are
examples of mobile.
o Welded Sculpture - 1974 Eduardo Castrillo – Seated Nude
o Use of Glass - Ramon Orlina (Father of Ph glass sculpture)
o Symbolic Sculpture
 These are some of the National Artists for Visual Arts (Sculpture):
o Napoleon Abueva - Abdulmari Asia Imao
o Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz - Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz

1.5 Other Forms of Visual Arts

Advertising Art
 The art of creative services, referring to art created for commercial purposes, primarily
advertising uses a variety of platforms (magazines, websites, apps, television, etc.) for viewers with
the intent of promoting the sale and interest of products, services.
  Aside from painting and sculpture, other visual art forms can be seen in every region in the
country. Some of them are even used by people regularly.
 Other Forms of Visual Arts
o Advertising Art -

o Bamboo Art – The giant lantern from Pampanga

o Basketry
o Food Art
o Leaf Art - The Puni or Palm leaf of Bulacan
o Weaving/ Textile Art -Yakan Tribe Tapestry from Basilan, T'nalak from Cotabato, Abel
Iloko from Ilocos, The Malong of Maranao

o Paper Art - Pabalat or Borlas de Pastillas of Bulacan, The Taka of Paete, Laguna, The
Higantes of Angono, Rizal (Art Capital of the Philippines)
o Pottery - Manunggul Jar of Palawan
o Tribal costumes and ornaments – Bagobo, T’boli, Kalinga, B’laan
o Embroidery - Pagbuburda of Laguna and Batangas
o Metalcraft - (Anklet from the Bagobo, Mindanao)
o Tattoo Art - “Whang-od Oggay, Filipina tattoo artist from Buscalan, Tinglayan, Kalinga,
Philippines, who is often described as the "last" and oldest mambabatok and is part of the
Butbut people

1. 6 ARCHITECTURE
 Architecture is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the visual arts. It
involves designing the form of a building while allowing the building to serve its function. It
is considered to be the "art to inhabit".
 Folk Architecture
o The Torogan of Maranao 

o Bahay Kubo or Nipa Hut

o Bahay na Bato
o Ifugao House
o Batanes House
 Some of the National Artists for Architecture:
o Juan Nakpil

o Pablo Antonio
o Leandro V. Locsin 
1.7 Maritime Transport
 Maritime Transports are simple marine vessels made for the transport of goods (cargo) and
people by sea and other waterways in the surrounding regions.
 Wooden Banca/Outrigger Canoe is used for transport in daily activities such as going to
the market to transport goods to other places.
 Vinta Boat has a sail with assorted colors that represents the colorful culture and history of
the Muslim community.

Module 2 Summary
Literature - can be one of the following
1. written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.
2. books and writings published on a particular subject.
3. leaflets and other printed matter used to advertise products or give advice.
 
also, literature refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing deemed to have
artistic or intellectual value,
often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage.
 
Elements of Literature
Poetry
 Meaning
 Figurative language
 Imagery
 Sound and Rhythm

Prose
 Theme or Content
 Form and Structure
 Plot or Story Line
 Characters
 Setting
 Language and Style
 Point of view

 
Notes:
Literature is classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction, and whether it is poetry or
prose. Fiction can be further distinguished according to major forms such
as the novel, short story, or drama; and such works are often categorized according to historical
periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or genre.
Music - 
Contemporary music in the Philippines refers to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements
from 20th century
art music in the west, as well the latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment industry.
 
Music of the Philippines include musical performance arts in the Philippines or by Filipinos
composed in various genres and styles. The compositions are often a mixture of different
Asian, Spanish, Latin American, American, and indigenous influences.

Elements of Music
1. Melody
2. Rhythm
3. Harmony 
4. Texture
5. Dynamics
6. Timbre/ Tone Color
7. Form
 
Notes: 
Music is an art form, and cultural activity, whose medium is sound. General definitions of music
include common elements such as pitch (which governs melody and
harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness
and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color"
of a musical sound).
In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the
creation of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the
criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music

Dance - A part of performing arts, it is a movement that rhythmical to music, typically following a set
sequence
of steps.usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion,
releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself.
 
Elements of Dance
1. Body Element
2. Space
3. Time
4. Energy
5. Relationship
 

Notes: 
Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement.
This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged
as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Dance can be categorized and
described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of

origin.
Theater - The term "theater" refers to an art form that involves performing carefully planned actions
and emotions in front of an audience.
is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to
present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience
in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience
through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance.
Elements of Theater 
1.  Performers
2. Audience
3. Director
4. Performance Space
5. Design
6. Script
 
Notes:
Modern Western theatre comes, in large measure, from the theatre of ancient Greece, from which it
borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of
its themes, stock characters, and plot elements. Theatre artist Patrice Pavis defines theatricality,
theatrical language, stage writing and the specificity of theatre as
synonymous expressions that differentiate theatre from the other performing arts, literature and the
arts in general.
 
Modern theatre includes performances of plays and musical theatre. The art forms of ballet and opera
are also theatre and use many conventions such as acting, costumes
and staging. They were influential to the development of musical theatre; see those articles for more

information.
Film - it is the sequence of a moving pictures that shows on television or in a cinema also called
movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a visual art-form used to
simulate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere
through the use of moving images.
These images are generally accompanied by sound, and more rarely, other sensory stimulation. The
word "cinema," short for cinematography, is often used to refer to film making and the film industry,
and to the art form that is the result of it. 
The moving images of a film are created by photographing actual scenes with a motion-picture
camera, by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional
animation techniques, by means of CGI and computer animation, or by a combination of some or all
of these techniques, and other visual effects.
Elements of Film
1. Time
Physical. Psychological, & Dramatic Time
2. Space
Scale, Shooting Angle, & Lighting
3. Sound
4. Techniques of Cinema
Cutting or Editing, Camera movement & Framing
 
Notes:
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect
them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of
popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual
basis of film gives it a universal power of communication. Some films
have become popular worldwide attractions through the use of dubbing or subtitles to translate the
dialog into other languages.

Module 3

3.1 The Order of National Artists

WHAT IS A NATIONAL ARTIST?
 A Filipino citizen who has been given the rank and title of National Artist in recognition of his or
her significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and letters.
 The rank and title of National Artists are conferred through a Presidential Proclamation. It
recognizes excellence in the fields of Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film and
Broadcast Arts, and Architecture or Allied Arts.
WHAT IS THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS?
 Those who have been proclaimed National Artists are given a Grand Collar symbolizing their
status. Recipients of this Grand Collar make up the Order of National Artists. The Order of
National Artists (Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is thus a rank, a title, and a
wearable award that represents the highest national recognition given to Filipinos who have made
distinct contributions in the field of arts and letters.
 It is jointly administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the
Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and is conferred by the President of the Philippines upon
recommendation by both institutions.
THE INSIGNIA OF THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS
The insignia of the Order of the National Artists is composed of a Grand Collar featuring circular links
portraying the arts, and an eight-pointed conventionalized sunburst suspended from a Sampaguita
wreath in green and white enamel.
 The central badge is a medallion divided into three equal portions, red, white, and blue, recalling
the Philippine flag, with three stylized letters Ks—the “KKK” stands for the CCP’s motto:
“katotohanan, kabutihan, at kagandahan” (“the true, the good, and the beautiful”), as coined by
then-first lady Mrs. Imelda Romualdez Marcos, the CCP’s founder.
 The composition of the Grand Collar is silver-gilt bronze. In place of a rosette, there is an
enameled pin in the form of the insignia of the order.
WHEN WAS THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS CREATED?
It was established under Presidential Proclamation No. 1001, s. 1972 (Links to an external site.),
which created the Award and Decoration of National Artist, “to give appropriate recognition and
prestige to Filipinos who have distinguished themselves and made outstanding contributions to
Philippine arts and letters,” and which posthumously conferred the award on the painter Fernando
Amorsolo, who had died earlier that year.
LEGAL BASIS OF THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS
 Proclamation No. 1144, s. 1973
 Executive Order No. 236 s. 2003
 Executive Order No. 435, s. 2005 amended Section 5 (IV) of EO 236,
CRITERIA FOR THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS
1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination, as well as those who died after
the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
2. Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have contributed in building a Filipino
sense of nationhood;
3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or style, thus earning distinction and
making an impact on succeeding generations of artists;
4. Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of work and/or consistently displayed
excellence in the practice of their art form thus enriching artistic expression or style; and
5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through:
• prestigious national and/or international recognition, such as the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP
Thirteen Artists Award, and NCCA Alab ng Haraya;
• critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works;
• respect and esteem from peers.
HONORS AND PRIVILEGES
1. The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;
2. The insignia of a National Artist and a citation;
3. A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by
the highest officers of the land such as:
4. a cash award of One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) net of taxes, for living awardees;
5. a cash award of Seventy Five Thousand Pesos (P75,000.00) net of taxes, for posthumous
awardees, payable to legal heir/s;
6. a monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits;
7. life insurance coverage for Awardees who are still insurable;
8. a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani;
9. a place of honor, in line with particular precedence, at national state functions, and recognition at
cultural events.
3.2
National Artists for Visual Arts, Architecture, and Fashion Design.
National Artists for Visual Arts

Larry Alcala
National Artist for Visual Arts (2008)

Daragay, Albay, Region 5

Dean of Filipino Cartoonists

He created over 500 characters and 20 comic strips in widely circulated publications.

Major Works:
Slice of Life Weekend 1980-1986

Smolbatteribols, Darna Komiks 1972-1984

Mang Ambo, Weekly Graphic, 1963-1965

Kalabog en Bosyo, Pilipino Komiks, 1949-1983 , Islaw Palitaw, 1946-1948

Francisco V. Coching
National Artist for Visual Arts (2014)

Buting, Pasig, National Capital Region

“King of Komiks”
“Dean of Philippine Comics”

Major Works:
Pusakal

Talipandas

Gigolo

Maldita

Dimasalang and El Vibora

El Vibora - Francisco Coching

Benedicto Reyes Cabrera, better known as "BenCab"

National Artist for Visual Arts – Painting (2006)

Malabon, National Capital Region

Lyrical expressionist

Known for his sketches of a scavenger named “Sabel”

"Sabel, a symbol of dislocation, despair, and isolation the personification of human dignity threatened by
life's circumstance".
Major Works:

Madonna with Objects, 1991

Studies of Sabel, diptych, 1991

People Waiting, 1989

The Indifference, 1988

Waiting for the Monsoon, 1986

José T. Joya
National Artist for Visual Arts – Painting (2003)

Manila, National Capital Region

Abstract artist, printmaker, painter, mixed media artist

Known for pioneering abstract expressionism in the Philippines

His most notable work is the Granadean Arabesque (1958)

Major Works:

Hills of Nikko

Abstraction

Dimension of Fear

Cityscape
Granadean Arabesque, 1958 (Ateneo Art Gallery Collection)

Ang Kiukok
National Artist for Visual Arts – Painting (2001)

Davao City, Region 11 – Davao Region

Filipino painter of Chinese descent

Known for paintings expressing nationalism and sociological agenda

Major Works:

Geometric Landscape(1969)

Pieta (1962)
Seated Figure(1979)

3.3 National Artists for Architecture and Fashion Design

National Artists for Architecture

Francisco T. Mañosa
National Artist for Architecture and Allied Arts (2018)

Manila, National Capital Region

He courageously and passionately created original Filipino forms, spaces with intricate and refined details.

Creating a Filipino identity in architecture, advocating design philosophies that harken "back to the Bahay Kubo and the
Bahay na Bato,” and other traditional vernacular forms.

Major Works:

San Miguel Building, Ortigas Center, Pasig City (designed with the Mañosa Brothers)

Our Lady of Peace Shrine, EDSA, Quezon City

Metrorail Transit System Stations for LRT 1, circa the 1980s

Quezon Memorial Circle Development Plan

Tahanang Pilipino (Coconut Palace), CCP Complex, Manila

Amanpulo Resort, Palawan

La Mesa Watershed Resort and Ecological Park, La Mesa Dam, Quezon City
José María V. Zaragoza
National Artist for Architecture (2014)

Guagua, Pampanga, Region 3 – Central Luzon

Zaragoza’s name is synonymous with modern ecclesiastical architecture.

Notwithstanding his affinity to liturgical structures, he greatly excelled in secular works

Major Works:

Meralco Building (Pasig City)

Sto. Domingo Church and Convent (Quezon City)

Metropolitan Cathedral (Cebu City)

Ildefonso P. Santos
National Artist for Architecture (2006)

Malabon, National Capital Region

Popularly known simply as "IP Santos"’

Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture

Major Works:

Paco Park

Rizal Park

Tagaytay Highland Resort

Malarayat Golf and Country Club (Lipa, Batangas)

Orchard Golf and Country Club (Imus, Cavite)

National Artist for Fashion Design

Ramón Valera
National Artist for Fashion Design (2006)

Abra, Region 14 - Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)

Country’s first and only fashion designer to receive this distinction

His contribution lies in the tradition of excellence of his works, and his commitment to his profession, performing his
magical seminal innovations on the Philippine
3.4 National Artists for Literature
Resil B. Mojares
National Artist for Literature (2018)

Filipino historian and critic of Philippine literature

Best known as for his books on Philippine history

He is acclaimed by various writers and critics as the Visayan Titan of Letters, due to his immense contribution to
Visayan literature

Notable Works:

The War Against the Americans: Resistance and Collaboration in Cebu, 1899-1906 (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila
University Press, 1999)

House of Memory: Essays (Metro Manila: Anvil Publishing, 1997)

The Man Who Would Be President: Serging Osmeña and Philippine Politics

(Cebu: Maria Cacao, 1986)

Ramon Muzones
National Artist for Literature (2018)

Hiligaynon poet, essayist, short story writer, critic, grammarian, editor, lexicographer, and novelist who authored an
unprecedented 61 completed novels.

He wrote in Hiligaynon and popularized Hiligaynon's literature.

Notable Works:

Malala nga Gutom (Malignant Hunger,1965)

Babae Batuk sa Kalibutan (Woman Against the World,1959)

Ang Gugma sang Gugma Bayaran (Love with Love Be Paid, 1955)

Si Tamblot (1948)

Margosatubig (1946)

Cirilo F. Bautista
National Artist for Literature (2014)

Sampaloc, Manila, National Capital Region

Poet, fictionist, and essayist with exceptional achievements and significant contributions to the development of the
country’s literary arts.
He founded Philippine Literary Arts Council in 1981, the Iligan National Writers Workshop in 1993, and the Baguio
Writers Group.

Notable Works:

Summer Suns (1963)

Words and Battlefields (1998)

The Trilogy of Saint Lazarus (2001)

Galaw ng Asoge(2003)

Lazaro A. Francisco
National Artist for Literature (2009)

Orani, Bataan & Nueva Ecija, Region 3 – Central Luzon

Filipino novelist, essayist, and playwright

“Master of the Tagalog Novel”

He established the Kapatiran ng mga Alagad ng Wikang Pilipino (KAWIKA) in 1958 to support Tagalog as the national
language.

Notable Works:

Ama (Father), 1929

Bayang Nagpatiwakal (Country That Committed Suicide), 1931-1932

Maganda pa ang Daigdig (The World is Still Beautiful), 1956

Daluyong(Wave), 1961

National Artist for Historical Literature

Carlos Quirino

National Artist for Historical Literature (1997)

Manila, National Capital Region

First and, so far, the only National Artist for Historical Literature.

Best known for writing “The Great Malayan”, which is considered to be one of the earliest biographies of Jose Rizal.

Notable Works:

Man of Destiny (1935)

The Great Malayan (1940)

Magsaysay and the Philippines (1958)

Philippine Cartography (1959)

History of the Philippine Sugar Industry (1974)

Filipinos at War (1981)

3.5 National Artists for Dance and Music

National Artists for Dance

Alice Reyes

National Artist for Dance (2014)

National Capital Region

Filipina dancer, choreographer, teacher, director and producer

Known in blending styles and movements from Philippine indigenous dance, classical ballet, and modern dance in
expressing Filipino subject matters.

She has made a lasting impact on the development and promotion of contemporary dance in the Philippines

Major Works:

Amada (1969)

At a Maranaw Gathering (1970)

Tales of the Manuvu(1977)

Rama Hari (1980)

Bayanihan Remembered (1987)

Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula
National Artist for Dance (1988)

Iloilo City, Iloilo, Region 6 – Western Visayas

Filipino choreographer, theater director, teacher, author, and researcher on ethnic dance.

She was the founding director of the Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company

Major Works:

Singkil - a Bayanihan signature number based on a Maranao epic poem

Vinta - a dance honoring Filipino sailing prowess

Tagabili - a tale of tribal conflict

Pagdiwata - a four-day harvest festival condensed into a six-minute breath-taking spectacle

Salidsid - a mountain wedding dance

National Artists for Music

Ryan Cayabyab

Manila, National Capital Region

Also known as Mr .C, is a Filipino musician, composer, and conductor.

He was the Executive and Artistic Director for several years for the defunct San Miguel Foundation for the Performing
Arts

He is the executive director of the Philpop MusicFest Foundation Inc., the organization behind the Philippine Popular
Music Festival (Links to an external site.).

Notable Works:

Da Coconut Nut

Kay Ganda Ng Ating Musika

Nais Ko

Paraiso

Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang

Kailan

Tuwing Umuulan at Kapiling Ka

Ramón Santos
National Artist for Music (2014)

Pasig, National Capital Region

Conductor and musicologist are currently the country’s foremost exponent of contemporary Filipino music.

Ernani Cuenco
National Artist for Music (1999)

Malolos, Bulacan, Region 3 – Central Luzon

A composer, film scorer, musical director, and music teacher

He wrote an outstanding and memorable body of work that resonates with the Filipino sense of musicality and which
embody an ingenious voice that raises the aesthetic dimensions of contemporary Filipino music.

Notable Works:

Pilipinas
Inang Bayan

Isang Dalangin

Bato sa Buhangin

Gaano Kita Kamahal

Lucio D. San Pedro

National Artist for Music (1991)

Angono, Rizal, Region 4A – CALABARZON

A master composer, conductor, and teacher whose music evokes the folk elements of the Filipino heritage.

Notable Works:

Sa Mahal Kong Bayan

Sa Ugoy ng Duyan,

In the Silence of the Night

Triumphal March

Lahing Kayumanggi

3.6 National Artists for Cinema / Film

Eric Oteyza de Guia better known as Kidlat Tahimik

National Artist for Film (2018)

Baguio, Benguet, Cordillera Administrative Region

A film director, writer, and actor whose films are commonly associated with the Third Cinema.

Notable Works:

Balikbayan #1: Memories of Overdevelopment Redux (2015)

Japanese Summers of a Filipino Fundoshi (1996)

Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow? (1983-1994)

Orbit 50: Letters to My 3 Sons (1990-1992)

Mababangong Bangungot/Perfumed Nightmare (1977)

Manuel Conde
National Artist for Cinema (2009)
Daet, Camarines Norte, Region 5 – Bicol Region

Filipino actor, director, and producer.

He also used the screen name Juan Urbano.

Notable Films:

Ibong Adarna(1941)

Si Juan Tamad(1947)

Siete Infantes de Lara(1950)

Genghis Khan(1950)

Ikaw Kasi! (1955)

Juan Tamad Goes To Congress (1959)

Eddie Romero
National Artist for Cinema (2003)

Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, Region 18 – Negros Island Region

A screenwriter, film director, and producer.

Notable Films:

Ganito Kami Noon…Paano Kayo Ngayon?

Aguila

Kamakalawa

Banta ng Kahapon

13- part series Noli Me Tangere

Lamberto Avellana
National Artist for Theater and Film (1976)

Bontoc, Mountain Province, Region 14 – Cordillera Administrative Region

Director for theater and film has the distinction of being called “The Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies”

“Kalderong Pilak” was the first film by a Filipino filmmaker shown at the Cannes International Film Festival

“Anak Dalita” was recognized worldwide with awards such as Grand Prix at the Asian Film Festival in Hongkong (1956)

“Badjao” Best Director of Asia award in Tokyo.

Notable Films:

Sakay

Anak Dalita (1956)

Badjao
Sergeant Hasan (1967)

Destination Vietnam (1969)

The Evil Within (1970)

Gerardo de León
National Artist for Cinema (1982)

Manila, National Capital Region

Prominent filmmaker in the 50s and 60s producing classics such as “Daigdig ng Mga Api,” “Noli Me Tangere,” “El
Filibusterismo,” and “Sisa.”

Notable Films:

Amat Anak

Ang Maestra

Dyesebel

The Brides of Blood Island

3.7 National Artists for Theater

Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio
National Artist for Theater (2018)

Manila, National Capital Region

Known as the Grande Dame of Southeast Asian children’s theatre.

Tita Amel is the founder and playwright-director of the Teatrong Mulat ng Pilipinas, which has placed the Philippines
on the artistic map of World Theater.

She has also been involved in the production and design of puppets. All in all, what she has achieved is an indigenous
fusion of puppetry, children’s literature, folklore, and

Notable Works:

6 na Dulang Filipino Para Sa Mga Bata, 1976

Tat-lu-han (Three Plays), 1975

Ang Paglalakbay ni Sisa: Isang Noh Sa Laguna, 1998

Papet Pasyon, 1985

Abadeja: Ang Ating Sinderela, 1977

Salvador Bernal
National Artist for Theater Design (2003)

Dagupan, Pangasinan, Region 1 – Ilocos Region

He organized the Philippine Association of Theater Designers and Technicians (PATDAT) and the CCP Production
Design Center.

Severino Montano
National Artist for Theater (2001)

Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Region 1 – Ilocos Region

He is considered as one of the Titans of Philippine Theater.

Playwright, director, actor, and theater organizer.

He is the forerunner in institutionalizing “legitimate theater” in the Philippines.

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero

National Artist for Theater (1997)

Ermita, Manila, National Capital Region

A playwright, director, teacher, and theater artist.

He was appointed as UP Dramatic Club director and served for 16 years.

Founder and artistic director of the UP Mobile Theater

Notable Plays:

Half an Hour in a Convent

Wanted: A Chaperon, Forever

Condemned

Deep in My Heart

Frustrations
Module 4 GAMABA

4.1 Duties and Responsibilities of GAMABA Awardees

Also known as National Living Treasures Award

 The award was institutionalized in 1992 through RA. No. 7335

 The (NCCA) The National Commission for Culture and Arts implemented this award.

 The award is conferred upon a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any tradition art uniquely
Filipino.

 The award was first given to three outstanding artists in music and poetry in 1993.

 Its roots came from the 1988 National Folk Artists Award which was organized by the Rotary Club of Makati-
Ayala.

How does one become a Manlilikhang Bayan?

To become a “Manlilikhang Bayan,” the candidate must possess the following qualifications:

 He/she is an inhabitant of an indigenous/ traditional cultural community anywhere in the Philippines that has
preserved indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals and traditions and/ or has syncretized whatever external elements
that have influenced it.

 He/she must have engaged in a folk art tradition that has been in existed and documented for at least fifty(50)
years.

 He/she must have consistently performed or produced over a significant period, works of superior and
distinctive quality.

 He/she must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an established
reputation in the art as master and maker of works of extraordinary technical quality.

 He/she must have passed on and/or will pass on to the other members of the community their skills in the folk
art for which the community is traditionally known.

The significance of GAMABA

 The main objective of the award is to honor and support traditional folk artists and to see to it that that their
skills and crafts are preserved.

 The award is tied with a program that ensures the transfer of their skills to new generations and the promotion
of the craft both locally and internationally.
A traditional artist who possesses all the qualities of a Manlilikhang Bayan candidate, but due to age
or infirmity has left him/her incapable of teaching his/her craft, may still be recognized if:  
 He/she had created a significant body of works and/ or has consistently displayed excellence
in the practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its development.
 He/she has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic tradition.
 He/she has passed on the other members of the community skills in the folk art for which the
community is traditionally known.
 His/her community has recognized him/her as master and teacher of his/her craft.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF GAMABA

The Manlilikhang Bayan is a link between the past, in which his/her traditional folk art found fertile soil
for growth, and the future, during which he/she seeks his/her art to be permanently sustained.
It becomes his/her responsibility therefore to undertake the ff;
 To transfer the skills of his/her traditional folk art to the younger generation through
apprenticeship and such other training methods as are found to be effective.
 To cooperate with the implementing agency, as provided for in Section 7 of this Act, in the
promotion and propagation of his/ her traditional folk arts; and.
 To donate to the National Museum a sample or copy of his/her work.

4.2 GAMABA Awardees from various regions

THE GAMABA FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS
The Award shall be given in each, but not limited to the ff. categories of tradition folk arts:
 Folk Architecture
 Maritime Transports
 Weaving
 Carving
 Performing Art
 Literature
 Graphic and Plastic Arts
 Ornament
 Textile or Fiber Art
 Pottery

EDUARDO MUTUC
2005 AWARDEE – REG. 3 / PROVINCE – PAMPANGA
 CREATES RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR ART IN SILVER, BRONZE AND WOOD.
 WORKS INCLUDE RERABLOS, MIRRORS, ALTARS AND CAROSAS IN CHURCH AND
PRIVATE COLLECTION.
 EXPERTISE INCLUDE SCULPTURE AND METALWORKS/CRAFT.
DARHATA SAWABI
2005 AWARDEE – REG. ARMM / PROVINCE – SULU
 A TAUSUG WEAVER OF PIS SYABIT – THE TRADITIONAL CLOTH TAPESTRY WORD
AS HEAD COVER.
 PIS SYABIT IS A HAND – WOVEN SQUARE MEASURING 39-40 INCHES, TAKES 3
MONTHS TO WEAVE.
 EXPERTISE INCLUDE HEAD DRESS WEAVING, NATIVE ATTIRE, BAGS AND OTHER
ACCESSORIES.
HAJA AMINA APPI
2005 AWARDEE – REG. ARMM / PROVINCE – TAWI TAWI
 RECOGNIZED AS A MASTER MAT WEAVER AMONG SAMA INDIGENOUS
COMMUNITY.
 TECHNIQUES –STRAIGHTNESS OF HER EDGING (TABIG) , AND FINENESS OF HER
SASA AND KIMA-KIMA
LANG DULAY
1998 AWARDEE – REG. 12 / PROVINCE – SOUTH COTABATO
 A T’BOLI TRADITIONAL WEAVER OR TINALAK OR T’BOLI CLOTH MADE OF
COLORFUL ABACA FIBERS
 DESIGN INCLUDES BULINGLANGIT (CLOUDS) , BANKIRING (HAIRBANGS) AND
KABANGI (BUTTERFLY)
SALINTA MONON
1998 AWARDEE – REG. 11 / PROVINCE – DAVAO DEL SUR
 A TAGABANWA-BAGOBO TRADITIONAL WEAVER OF DISTINCT ABACA FABRICS
CALLED INABAL
 WORKS INCLUDE HAND-WOVEN TUBE SKIRT OF BAGOBO, WHICH THE SINUKLA
AND BANDIRA. ALSO INCLUDE THE BINUWAYA (CROCODILE DESIGN) WHICH IS
HARDEST TO MAKE
FEDERICO CABALLERO
2000 AWARDEE – REG. 6 / PROVINCE – ILOILO
 A SULOD BUKIDNON EPIC CHANTER FROM KALINOG, ILOILO
 HE IS CONSIDERED AS A BANTUGAN, A PERSON WHO HAS ATTAINED
DISTINCTION.
MASINO INTARAY
1993 AWARDEE – REG. 4B / PROVINCE – PALAWAN
 A PROLIFIC AND PRE-EMINENT EPIC CHANTER AND STORY TELLER.
 HE IS RECOGNIZED FOR HIS OUTSTANDING MASTERY OF VARIOUS TRADITIONAL
INSTRUMENT SUCH AS BASAL, KULILA AND BAGIT.
MAGDALENA GAMAYO
2012 AWARDEE – REG. 1/ PROVINCE – ILOCOS NORTE
 MASTER WEAVER WHO MAKES INABEL, AND ILOKANO HANDWOVEN CLOTH.
 DURING WW2 SHE USED TO SPIN HER OWN COTTON AND BRUSHED IT WITH
BEESWAX.
APO WHANG-OD OGGAY
2017 NOMINEE - REG. CAR / PROVINCE - KALINGA  
 IS A FILIPINO TATTOO ARTIST FROM BUSCALAN, TINGLAYAN, KALINGA,
PHILIPPINES.
 SHE IS OFTEN DESCRIBED AS THE "LAST" AND OLDEST MAMBABATOK
(TRADITIONAL KALINGA TATTOOIST)
 AND IS PART OF THE BUTBUT PEOPLE OF THE LARGER KALINGA ETHNIC GROUP.
 
COMPLETE NA GUIZZES!!!<3 PAGPALAIN NAWA NI MAMA M!!! GOODLUCKZXCX!!
- BATANG CUTE XD