9

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Uniqueness of Carbon:
Basis for Variety of Organic
Compounds
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Title
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
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over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Gigi S. Persia

Editors: Name
Reviewers: Jimboy Pasia
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Schools Division Superintendent: Reynaldo M. Guillena, CESO V
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Jinky B. Firman., CESE
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Marilyn V. Deduyo, CESE
CID Chief Education Supervisor: Alma C. Cifra, EdD
Division LRMS Educ. Program Supervisor: Aris B. Juanillo, PhD
Education Program Supervisor- Science: Faye Genevieve P. Pasamonte

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region XI Davao City Division

Office Address: DepEd Davao City Division, E. Quirino Ave.,
Davao City, Davao Del Sur
Telefax: (082) 224 0100
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 9

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Uniqueness of Carbon: Basis for
Variety of Organic Compounds
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 9 Quarter 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Uniqueness of Carbon: Basis for Variety of Carbon Compound!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Uniqueness of

Carbon: Basis for Variety of Carbon Compound!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand the unique characteristics of carbon which give way to the formation of
various organic compounds. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Explain how structure of carbon atom affects the type of bonds it forms.

Specifically, you will discuss the unique characteristics of carbon which enables it to
form various organic compounds and describe common properties of organic
compounds.

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 What I Know (Pre-test)

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following statements is true about organic compounds?

a. These are compounds that consist mainly of hydrogen and oxygen.
b. These compounds are mostly found in non-living things.
c. These compounds have less number of kinds and have limited uses.
d. These are compounds that contain carbon chemically combined with
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements.

2. Which of the following pairs of substances is an example of an organic

compound?
a. Vinegar and Water
b. Natural gas and Coal
c. Sugar and Salt
d. Baking Soda and Muriatic Acid

3. Which of the following statements best defines Organic chemistry?

a. The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of carbon containing
compounds and their physical and chemical properties.
b. The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the chemical
structure and properties of Acid and Base as well as their uses.
c. The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of substances
containing purely hydrogen and oxygen.
d. The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of structural
formulas of compounds found in most of the non-living things.

4. What are valence electrons?

a. The number of electrons in the innermost shell of an atom.
b. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that is
involved in chemical bonding.
c. The number of electrons found in the middle shell of an atom.
d. All of the statements are correct.

5. How many valence electrons does Carbon atom have?

a. 6 c.12
b. 4 d. 8

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6. How many electrons does carbon need for it to become stable?
a. 6 c.12
b. 4 d. 8
7. How do carbon atoms bond with other atoms to form organic compounds?
a. Carbon atom transfers its valence electrons to other atoms.
b. Carbon atoms accept valence electrons from other elements.
c. Carbon atoms share their electrons with the other non- metallic
elements.
d. Carbon atoms both accept and transfer electrons in order to gain
stability.

8. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can make?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

9. What special features are formed when carbon bonds with itself?
a. Spiral-shaped molecules
b. All kinds of chain and ringed molecules
c. Short chain molecules
d. Decagonal –shaped molecules

10. How many types of bonds are there in the following organic compounds?
H─C≡C─H

a. 1 b. 2 c.3 d. 4

11. Which of the following is formed when carbon bonds with hydrogen?
a. hydrocarbon
b. carbohydrates
c. sodium hydroxide
d. carbon dioxide

12. How would you determine if the organic compound is more volatile?
a. If the organic compound slowly evaporates.
b. If the organic compound easily mixes with water.
c. If the organic compound easily combines with other organic
compounds.
d. If the organic compound easily evaporates or turns into a gaseous state.

13. A man standing near the gasoline station is being reprimanded by the gasoline
boy for smoking. It is because gasoline is/has __________________.
a. viscous
b. volatile
c. flammable
d. an unpleasant smell.

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14. Which of the following statements describes the viscosity of an organic
compound?
a. It is the measure of the fluid’s resistance to flow.
b. It is the measure of the organic compounds’ ability to mix with the other
fluids.
c. It is the capacity of the organic compound to evaporate easily.
d. It is the measure of time for the organic compound to completely burn.

15. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds undergoes combustion that
contributes to global warming?
a. Alcohol and Acetone
b. Petroleum and Coal
c. Acetylene and kerosene
d. All of the Above

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 Lesson Uniqueness of Carbon: Basis
1 for Variety of Organic
Compounds.
To understand the chemistry of life is to understand the organic compounds. Organic
compounds are also known as carbon-based compounds that make up all living
things which contain mainly carbon atoms.

Carbon compounds characterize living things here on Earth because these give life
to millions of different living organisms which possess different physical and
chemical properties. The food we eat, the composition of our hair and skin, the
medicines that treat sickness and diseases and even petroleum products are all
carbon-based compounds that we use every day.

This lesson will help you gain understanding of the unique characteristics of carbon
atoms. In addition, you will figure out that these characteristics affect the type of
bonds that carbon will form. Finally. You will identify the common observable
characteristics properties of some organic compounds.

What’s In

Before we proceed further, let us try to look back on our lesson on how atoms share
their electrons during chemical bonding. I am pretty sure that you still remember
sharing of electrons during covalent bonding.
So, are you ready? Let’s begin!

Notes to the Teacher

The table printed in this page of the module will not be
accomplished by the learner. Hence a separate copy may be
provided.

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Activity No.1: Fill Me In

Complete the table below by writing the group number, electron configuration,
number of valence electrons, the Lewis Dot Structure and the number of bonds the
following non-metallic elements are likely to form.

Element Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon

Characteristics
Group No.

Number of Valence
Electrons

Lewis Dot
Structure (fill in the
number of
appropriate dots)

How many bonds is

it likely to form?

Table 1. Table Completion

The activity you did stimulated your understanding on the idea that number of
valence electrons determines what other atoms an atom can bond with and
how many atoms can bond with other atoms to achieve stability.

With this, the formation of organic compounds is made possible because of the
number of valence electrons carbon has which reveals its unique characteristics
among the other non-metallic elements.

What’s New

The Organic Compounds

The element carbon is found in all organic compounds. Organic compounds are
compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. The

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branch of chemistry that deals with the study of organic compounds is called Organic
Chemistry.

Do you know that there are more organic compounds than any other type of
compounds? Yes, it’s true! Fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes and
other artificially produced organic compounds are examples of these.

Now let us check some common organic compounds you know by answering the
activity below.

Activity 2: Guess Me

All two pictures in each given set illustrate some common organic compounds we
used at home. These pictures are connected with common word(s). Write the name
of the organic compound in the box provided for each number.

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 What Is It?

Unique Characteristics of Carbon Atom

Carbon is a non- metal element having a chemical symbol of C. It is the fourth main
element in the universe, and the 15th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust.
It is also the second most abundant element in humans after oxygen. It belongs to
Group IV-A of the periodic table which indicates that carbon has four valence
electrons. Its atomic number is 6 and it has an atomic weight of 12.011. The
oxidation states of carbon can vary from -4 to +4.

Why is carbon considered as the basis of a variety of organic compounds?

Here are the unique characteristics of carbon which make it as the main component
of all organic compounds.

1. Carbon has four valence electrons

Carbon is a non-metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Like other elements in group
IV-A, carbon has four valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the
outer energy level of an atom that are involved in chemical bonds. The valence
electrons of carbon are shown in the electron dot diagram in the Figure below.

Figure 1: Electron Dot Structure of Carbon

Based on the figure above, carbon needs four more valence electrons, electrons, to
fill its outer energy level. A full outer energy level is the most stable arrangement of
electrons.

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Since carbon has four valence electrons each valence electron participates in bonding
and forms covalent bonds with atoms of carbon or other elements.

2. Carbon can form many types of bond arrangement.

Carbon has four valence electrons, so it can achieve a full outer energy level by
forming four covalent bonds. When it bonds only with hydrogen, it forms compounds
called hydrocarbons.
Carbon can form single, double, or even triple bonds with other carbon atoms. In a
single bond, two carbon atoms share one pair of electrons. In a double bond, they
share two pairs of electrons, and in a triple bond they share three pairs of electrons.
Examples of compounds with these types of bonds are represented by the structural
formulas in the Figure below.

Single Bond Double Bond Triple Bond

Figure 2: Types of Bond Arrangement in Carbon Compounds

3. Carbon can bond with itself.

Each carbon is identical, they all have four valence electrons, so they can easily
bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains or rings. In fact,
a carbon atom can bond with another carbon atom two or three times to make
double and triple covalent bonds between two carbon atoms. Because of this
uniqueness, carbon can produce different kinds of organic compounds including all
kinds of chains and ringed molecules.

Common Properties of Organic Compounds

The presence of a covalent bond between carbon and other non-metallic elements
provides particular observable properties to the organic compounds. These include:
odor, viscosity, flammability, and volatility.

1. Odor – It is the property of a substance that activates the sense of smell. Organic
compounds can have pleasant and unpleasant smells depending on their chemical
structure.

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2. Viscosity - is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. In organic compounds,
typically the larger the intermolecular forces (IMF) the higher the viscosity. The other
factors that affect viscosity are temperature and the shape of the molecule.

If the liquid organic compound flows easily it is said to have low viscosity or less
viscous while liquid that flows slowly is considered to have high viscosity or more
viscous.

3. Volatility - is a material property which describes how readily a substance

vaporizes. At a given temperature and pressure, a substance with high volatility is
more likely to exist as a vapor, while a substance with low volatility is more likely to
be a liquid or solid. Some organic compounds are more volatile than the other types
of organic compounds depending on the amount of vapor pressure and the boiling
point of the substance.

4. Flammability - is the ability of a material to burn or ignite, causing fire or

combustion. Almost all organic liquids are considered "flammable," meaning they
are capable of catching on fire and sustaining combustion. However, this doesn't
mean that all organic liquids will immediately ignite if placed near a heat source.
Flammability testing is used to determine how easily a material or finished product
will ignite or burn when exposed to or used near fire or heat.

What’s More

After reading the unique characteristics of carbon, perform the following tasks which
will help you recall the concepts you have read and you come to your own
understanding the unique characteristics of carbon which enables it to form different
kinds of organic compounds possessing observable properties of common organic

Activity 3: “What’s Missing?”

In this activity you will show the type of bond arrangement exists in the given carbon-
based compound/organic compound.

Fill in the picture with Electron Dot Structure of the carbon and other non-metallic
elements and connect the dots to show how many bonds are form in the given
compound.

14
 1. Alkane Example:

H H H H

H C C C H H C H

H H H H

2. Alkene

H H H
H C C C

H H

3. Alkyne

H C C C H
H

Activity No. 4 “Scavenger Hunt”

List down five (5) organic materials or substances found at home and describe their
corresponding observable properties by researching information from the internet or
from the books.

Organic Odor Viscosity Volatility Flammability

Substances
(Time it takes
Pleasant Unpleasant Low High Low High
For the
material to
completely
burned)
1.
2.

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3.
4.
5.

So how were the activities? Were you able to accomplish them? I hope you find it
meaningful and easy. In the next activity, you will use the knowledge you have gained
from answering them. So be ready for the next learning challenges in this module.

Let’s move on.

What I Have Learned

● Organic compounds are compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

nitrogen and other elements. The branch of chemistry that deals with the
study of organic compounds is called Organic chemistry .

● Organic compounds are useful in our daily activities examples of these are
Fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes and other artificially
produced organic compounds.

● Carbon has special characteristics that enables it to make millions of varieties

of organic compounds. There is a great diversity of organic compounds,
ranging from just one to thousands of atoms.

● Carbon forms covalent bonds with atoms of carbon or other elements.

● The presence of a covalent bond provides certain observable to the organic

compounds such as odor, viscosity, flammability, and volatility.

What I Can Do

In this portion, you will apply what you have learned into real life situations. This
will be done for you to create and think critically the appropriate solution to the
existing environmental and health issues brought about by too much combustion of
fossil fuels which is also an example of an organic compound.

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Air pollution from fossil fuels a major cause of premature deaths.

Cited from greenpeace Philippines press release

February 12, 2020

“Fossil fuels are not only bad for the climate, they’re also bad for our health and our
economy,” said Greenpeace Philippines energy transition campaigner Khevin Yu.
“Every year, air pollution from fossil fuels takes millions of lives, increases our risks to
strokes, lung cancer and asthma, and costs us trillions of dollars in economic losses.
Filipinos have long been bearing the brunt of climate impacts, as well as health and
economic impacts of dirty air. It’s clear that the country needs to transition to
renewable energy sources and phase out fossil fuel power plants.”
After reading this article, you’re tasked to create a brochure using 5W’s and 1H
format which promotes goals and ways to lessen the negative impact of too much
utilization of fossil fuels such as coal and oil products to mitigate the effect of climate
change.

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 Brochure Template

Note: To measure the output of the students in Brochure Making, the teacher may
refer to this rubric.

Category 4 3 2 1 Score
Content- All facts in 99-85% of 84-70 % of Fewer than
Accuracy the the facts in the facts in 70 % of the
brochure the the facts in the
are correct. brochure brochure brochure
are correct. are correct. are correct

Writing Each Almost all Most Less than

Organization section of sections of sections of
half of the
the 5W’s the 5W’s the 5W’s sections of
and 1H has and 1H and 1H the 5W’s
a clear have a clear have a clear
and 1H has
beginning, beginning, beginning,
a clear
middle and middle and middle and
beginning,
end. end. end. middle and
end.
Creativity The The The There was
presentation presentation presentation nothing
was made included included a unique,
up of some some of imaginative
unique and unique and unique and or
imaginative imaginative imaginative surprising
and brings and brought and brings about the
interest interest interest brochure.
from the from the from the
audience. audience. audience
Conventions All writing is Most of the Some of the Few of the
done in writing is writing is writing is
complete done in done in done in
sentences. complete complete complete
sentences. sentences. sentences.

18
 Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following statements is true about organic compounds?

a. These are compounds that consist mainly of hydrogen and oxygen.
b. These compounds are mostly found in non-living things.
c. These compounds have less number of kinds and have limited uses.
d. These are compounds that contain carbon chemically combined with
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements.

2. Which of the following pairs of substances is an example of an organic

compound?
a. Vinegar and Water
b. Natural gas and Coal
c. Sugar and Salt
d. Baking Soda and Muriatic Acid

3. Which of the following statements best defines Organic chemistry?

a. The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of carbon containing
compounds and their physical and chemical properties.
b. The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the chemical
structure and properties of Acid and Base as well as their uses.
c. The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of substances
containing purely hydrogen and oxygen.
d. The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of structural
formulas of compounds found in most of the non-living things.

4. What are valence electrons?

a. The number of electrons in the innermost shell of an atom.
b. The number of electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom that
are involved in chemical bonding.
c. The number of electrons found in the middle shell of an atom.
d. All of the statements are correct.

5. How many valence electrons does Carbon atom have?

a. 6 c.12
b. 4 d. 8

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6. How many electrons does carbon need for it to become stable?
a. 6 c.12
b. 4 d. 8
7. How do carbon atoms bond with other atoms to form organic compounds?
a. Carbon atom transfers its valence electrons to other atoms.
b. Carbon atoms accept valence electrons from other elements.
c. Carbon atoms share their electrons with the other non- metallic
elements.
d. Carbon atoms both accept and transfer electrons in order to gain
stability.

8. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can make?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

9. What special features are formed when carbon bonds with itself?
a. Spiral-shaped molecules
b. All kinds of chain and ringed molecules
c. Short chain molecules
d. Decagonal –shaped molecules

10. How many types of bonds are there in the following organic compounds?
H─C≡C─H

a. 1 b. 2 c.3 d. 4

11. Which of the following is formed when carbon bonds with hydrogen?
a. hydrocarbon
b. carbohydrates
c. sodium hydroxide
d. carbon dioxide

12. How would you determine if the organic compound is more volatile?
a. If the organic compound slowly evaporates.
b. If the organic compound easily mixes with water.
c. If the organic compound easily combines with other organic
compounds.
d. If the organic compound easily evaporates or turns into a gaseous state.

13. A man standing near the gasoline station is being reprimanded by the gasoline
boy for smoking because the gasoline is/has __________________.
a. viscous
b. volatile
c. flammable
d. an unpleasant smell.

20
14. Which of the following statements describes the viscosity of an organic
compound?
a. It is the measure of the fluid’s resistance to flow.
b. It is the measure of the organic compounds’ ability to mix with the other
fluids.
c. It is the capacity of the organic compound to evaporate easily.
d. It is the measure of time for the organic compound to completely burn.

15. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds undergoes combustion that
contributes to global warming?
a. Alcohol and Acetone
b. Petroleum and Coal
c. Acetylene and kerosene
d. All of the Above

21
 Additional Activities

Additional Activity
Squares, Triangle, and Circles

In each of the 4 squares, write 4 things learned about the lesson.

In each of the 3 triangles, write 3 interesting things you gained.
In the circle, write 1 question that you want to ask about the topic.

22
 23
H
H C C C H
H
Alkyne
H H H H H
C C C H H C C C H
H H H H H H
Alkene Alkane
What's More
What I Know Assessment
1. D 1. D
2. B 2. B
3. A 3. A
4. B 4. B
5. B 5. B
6. B 6. B
7. D 7. D
8. C 8. C
9. B 9. B
10. B 10. B
11. A 11. A
12. D 12. D
13. C 13. C
14. A 14. A
15. B 15. B
Answer Key
References

Printed
Alvarez, Liza A, Angeles, Dave G., Apurda, P. et al (2017). Grade 9 Learners’s
Module (Philippines: Department of Education Reprint 2017), 131-132.

Guanzon, Leopoldo N. & Saluria, Julius V.(2017). Exploring Life Through Science
Series General Chemistry 2 Teachers Wrapparound Edition. Phoenix Publishing
House.70-73.

Religioso, Teresita F., Vengco, Lilia G.,Navaza, Delia C. et al (2018). You and the
Natural World Grade 9 Edition. Phoenix Publishing House.125-133.

Electronic Resources

Ahanchian, M. et.al. 2013. Energy demand, emission forecast and

mitigationstrategies.GreenPhilippines https://www.greenpeace.org/philippines/pre
ss/4058/.

CK-12 Library.(2012) Carbon Bonding. https://www.ck12.org/c/physical-

science/carbon-bonding/lesson/Carbon-Bonding-MS-PS/

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/443182419587224608/

http://clipart-library.com/clipart/1737980.htm

http://clipart-library.com/paints-cliparts.html

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI Davao City Division

DepEd Davao City, Elpidio Quirino Ave., Davao City

Telefax: 224-3274

Email Address: [email protected]