BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

AGENDA

1. Introduction

2. BMS – What is it?

3. System Overview and Components

4. Why is it Important to Consultants?

5. The Future of BMS

 Remote Cloud
Access Services

BMS
Firewall
Server
TCP/IP

AHUs Boilers Chillers Main Plant Interface Fire

Controller Controller
Metering

Access Control

Vertical Transport

FCU VAV
Controller Controller

Terminal Unit
Controllers (TUC)
BMS Server

 Also referred to as the BMS Head End

 A Graphical User Interface (GUI) for monitoring and control
of the BMS

 Displays live data from the field devices

 Allows user to adjust setpoints/schedules

 Can produce trends of historical data

 Displays alarms
 Licensed software so important to verify restrictions when
reviewing tenders
Main Plant Controllers
Main Controller
 Often referred to as a Network Controller Input Module
Output Module
 Can be modular or fixed Input/Output (I/O)
+
+
 Ethernet connectivity to BMS Network

 Software programmable

 Data can be shared between controllers

Fixed I/O
Terminal Unit Controllers

 Used for single plant operations such as:

 Fan Coil units
 Variable Air Volume boxes
 Constant Air Volume boxes
 Chilled Beams

 Limited flexibility as intended for single application

 Communicate over TCP/IP or RS485 network

 Can have integrated damper motors and pressure sensor for VAVs

 Mounted locally in the field with the plant controlled

 Inputs and Outputs

Inputs Outputs
 AI – Analog Input  AO – Analog Output
 Passive Resistance (Temp)  0-10V (VSD Speed/Valve/Damper)
 0-10V (Temp/Hum/DP/Vel) Analogue
 DO – Digital Output
Outputs
 4-20mA (Gas Det/Vel)  VFC outputs (Fan/Pump enable)
Universal
Inputs
 DI – Digital Input (Volt Free) Digital
Outputs  Relay/Triac (Dampers/Valves/Heaters)
 Fan/Damper/Pump status
 Pressure/Flow switch
 Fire/Lift/Door status
 Inputs and Outputs

Relay vs. Triac 0-100% Actuator Operation with DO

 Triacs have no moving parts  Two output channels used to drive
 Relays are electromechanical will ‘Click’ when energised  Actuator drive time known
 Triacs have a long life cycle  Will re-stroke occasionally for calibration
 Relays have a finite number of operations
Ref
 Triacs are useful for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Output # 1
Open
Output # 2 Close M
AB A
B
 High Level Interface (HLI)

 Allows monitoring and control of third party devices

 Uses a communications open protocol instead of hard wiring BMS

 Typical applications: Ethernet

 Chillers
 Boilers RS485
 Generators
 Terminal Unit Controllers Gateway Chillers
 Energy and Utility Meters
 Split unit interfaces
Meters Generators
 Transmits data over ethernet or communications fieldbus
 Communications Protocols

 Protocols are effectively communications languages

 The also require a transport medium e.g. ethernet

 Historically manufacturers used proprietary protocols

 Now mostly open protocols

 Open protocols are published to allow different

manufacturers to communicate using the same language
 Common Open Protocols
BACnet
 Developed by ASHRAE
 Most common open protocol for BMS
 Can be IP (ethernet) or MS/TP (RS485)
 Devices on the network can be auto-discovered
 If traffic is managed correctly, networks can be large
 Common Applications:
 BMS Controllers
 Chiller Interface
 Split System Interfaces
Common Open Protocols
Modbus
 Can be TCP/IP (ethernet) or serial (RS232 or RS485)
 Maximum of 32 Devices per trunk
 No auto-discovery so point addresses must be known
 All device communication parameters need to match
 Not as ‘plug and play’ as BACnet devices
 Common applications:
 Electricity metering
 Variable speed drive control/monitoring
 Fire & Security interfaces
 Common Open Protocols

M-Bus

 Used almost exclusively for water and gas meters

 Far superior to pulse counting for metering

 Devices can be loop powered and battery backed up GATEWAY

BMS

 Addressing is best carried out before installation

 Also exist as wireless devices using radio frequencies

Common Open Protocols

DALI

 Used for lighting applications

 Can be luminaires or drivers (switches/sensors)

 Maximum of 64 addresses per gateway

 Can be easily grouped and configured into scenes

 Can be re-grouped if space use changes

 DALI2 now allows further data to be read from devices

 Common Open Protocols

KNX

 Mainly for lighting applications

 KNX native switches/sensors/blind motors

 Can also be used for small scale HVAC applications

 Can be integrated with BMS using gateways

 Why is it Important for Consultants – Where do we fit in?

 We are the direct link to the client

 We are responsible for delivering an effective design

 We can control the design outcome

 BMS input early in design makes everyone's life easier

 The HVAC equipment can account for up to 80% of a buildings

energy usage – important to manage this well
Choosing a BMS Head End
Is it Easy to Use?
 Scheduling
 Web Based
 Built in Algorithms – easy to implement
 Easy to Program, powerful
 Intuitive Graphics
 Trending, Alarming
 Robust flexible architecture
 Open Protocol
 Reporting
Equipment Selection

 Is there a HLI option for the main plant – is it beneficial?

 Have I ensured the equipment selected has the right inputs/outputs

 Have I specified that third party interfaces must be open protocol (and defined the protocol)

 Is there a need for local control?

 Are there point or licensing restrictions?

Metering

 NABERSNZ/Greenstar driving necessity for accurate metering

 Unfortunately metering is always left until last

 Meters need to be in accessible locations

 Calibration needs to be carried out as part of DLP/Building Tuning

 This all needs to documented as par of O&M/Commissioning information

 Accurate and reliable metering enables effective energy management

The Future of BMS
 VERTICAL

APPROACH
Systems were designed in
isolation
 Different infrastructures, IN THE PAST
interface etc
 The system vendors were
proprietary of the network and
the data

HORIZONTAL APPROACH
 ICN allows communication between
different systems, but systems still need
NOW server and software from the vendor.
 The different systems are not talking the
same protocol
 More secure against Cyber attack
 THANK YOU
QUESTIONS?
[email protected]

Ciaran Kelly – Digital Market Sector Leader