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CODE: GR18A2053 GR 18 SET - 4
GR11D5104
GR11D5104
GR11D5104 II B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, Nov/Dec 2019
GR11D5104
Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes
GR11D5104
(Electronics and Communications Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Question Paper comprises of Part-A and Part-B.
2. Part-A (for 20 marks) must be answered at one place in the answer book.
3. Part-B (for 50 marks) contains of five questions with internal choice, answer all
questions.
PART-A
(Answer ALL questions. All questions carry equal marks)
10 * 2 = 20 Marks

1.a Define Probability using the axiomatic approach. [2]

b The events A and B are mutually exclusive. Can they be independent? [2]
c Define the expected value of Discrete and Continuous Random Variables. [2]
d Draw the distribution and density curves of Gaussian Random Variable. [2]
e If X and Y are independent random variables, show that E[XY] =E[X].E[Y] [2]
f Define two joint central moments for two-dimensional random variables X and Y. [2]
g Define the auto covariance & cross covariance functions of Random Processes X(t). [2]
h Define time average of the random process X(t). [2]
i Find the power spectral density function of a stationary process if R(τ) = [2]
j Show that SXX(-ω) = SXX(ω). i.e., Power spectrum density is even function of ω. [2]
[CO 1]
PART-B
Answer ALL questions. All questions carry equal marks
10 * 5 = 50 Marks

2. a) Define Joint and Conditional Probability. [3]

b) An aircraft is used to fire at a target. It will be successful if 2 or more bombs [7]

hit the target. If the aircraft fires 3 bombs and the probability of the bomb hitting
the target is 0.4, then what is the probability that the target is hit? CO 1

OR
3. a) Let A and B are events in a sample space S. Show that if A and B are [6]
independent, then so are
i) A and ii) and B iii) and

b) State and Prove Bayes’ Theorm. [4]

CO 1
Page 1 of 3
CODE: GR18A2053 GR 18 SET - 4
GR11D5104
GR11D5104
4. A random variable X has the following probability density function [10]
GR11D5104 x 0<x<1 CO 2
GR11D5104 fX(x) = k(2-x) 1≤x≤2
GR11D5104 0 else
i) Find the value of k ii) Find P(0.2<x<1.2)
iii) Find the distribution function of X.
OR
5. a) Write short notes on Gaussian distribution and also find its mean? [4]

b) Consider that a fair coin is tossed 3 times, Let X be a random variable, defined [6]
as CO 2
X= number of tails appeared, find the expected value of X.

6. a) The joint density function of two random variables X and Y is [10]

CO 3

Find the variances of X and Y.

b) State and prove any three properties of joint characteristic function.
OR
7. Let X and Y be the random variables defined as X=CosΘ and Y=SinΘ where Θ [10]
is a uniform random variable over (0, 2 ) CO 3
i) Are X and Y Uncorrelated
ii) Are X and Y Independent

8. a) Define Wide Sense Stationary Process and write its conditions. [4]

b) A random process is given as X(t) = At, where A is a uniformly distributed [6]

random variable on (0,1). Find whether X(t) is wide sense stationary or not. CO 4
OR
9. a) Given the RP X(t) = A cos(w0t) + B sin (w0t) where ω0 is a constant, and A [7]
and B are uncorrelated Zero mean random variables having different density
functions but the same variance σ2. Show that X(t) is wide sense stationary.

b) Define Covariance of the Random processes with any two properties. [3]
CO 4
10. [7]
a) A random process Y(t) has the power spectral density SYY(ω)=
Find i) The average power of the process ii) The Auto correlation function [3]
b) State the properties of power spectral density CO 5

OR
11. a) Find the cross correlation function corresponding to the cross power spectrum [6]

SXY(ω)= [4]
b) Write short notes on cross power density spectrum.
Page 2 of 3
CODE: GR18A2053 GR 18 SET - 4
GR11D5104
GR11D5104 CO 5
GR11D5104
GR11D5104
GR11D5104

1. Define probability and interpret probability by modeling sample spaces.

2. Construct the probability distribution of a random variable, based on a real-world situation, and
use it to compute expectation and variance.
3. Apply the concepts of random process in communication and signal processing.
4. Evaluate response of a linear system to Random Process
5. Analyze the importance of various probability distributions in signal analysis

Page 3 of 3
 Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology
Bachupally, Hyderabad-500090.
Subject Name: WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
Subject Code: GR17A2050
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks:70

PART-A
MARKS: 20
Answer All Questions (10x2=20)

1. A) Two cards are drawn at a random from a deck. Find the probability both are
queens? [2M]
B) Write the density function of Binomial distribution function? [2M]

C) Let X and Y be a jointly continuous random variables with joint pdf

xy
x2 + 0  x  1,0  y  2
fxy(x,y) = 3
0 elsewhere
Find the marginal density function of x. [2M]
D) Consider a random variable X whose mean is 3. Calculate E(3X+5) ? [2M]
E) What is the characteristic function of aX+b? [2M]
F) State the autocorrelation and Cross Correlation of random Process. [2M]
G) The mean of Random Process is 6 and is delayed by 5 units, What is the mean of
delayed Random Process, if it is first order Stationary. [2M]
H) What is the relationship between Power Spectral Density and Auto Correlation
Function? [2M]
I) Classify the random process. [2M]
J) If the available gain g a ( f ) of the network and N i , No are the noise input and
output of the network compute the Noise Figure. [2M]

PART- B
MARKS: 50
Answer any Five Questions (5x10=50)

2. Explain the following in brief. [10M]

• Axioms of Probability
• Independent Events
 • Bayes Theorem
• Total Probability Theorem
• Properties of CDF
or
3.A) The continuous random variable X has the pdf [5M]

fxy(x,y) =
(
k 2x − x 2
) 0 x2
0 elsewhere
where k is a constant. Find the value of k and P(X>1).

B) Find the mean of uniformly distributed random variable. [5M]

4. A) Explain the concept of transformation of random variable X. [5M]

B) Let X be a random variable with cdf FX(x) and pdf fX(x). Let Y= aX+b, where a
and b are real constants and a≠0. Find the cdf of Y in terms of FX(x). [5M]
or
5. Find the density function of random variable Z=X+Y, where X and Y are two
independent uniform variables over (0,1). [10M]

6.A) Write the properties of joint distribution function. [5M]

B) If X and Y are independent random variables, then the density of Z=X+Y is? [5M]
or

7. State the central limit theorem. Describe the probability density and distribution of
random variables with equal and unequal distributions. [10M]

8. Derive the relationship between power spectral density and autocorrelation function.
[10M]
or

9. The power spectrum of input random process is SXX(w)= N0/2 (where X(t) is white
1
noise). Calculate SYY(w) and average power if the transfer function H(w) = 𝑗𝑤𝐿.
1+
𝑅
[10M]

10 A) Write the properties of autocorrelation function. [5M]

B) The autocorrelation function of a stationary random process X(t) is given by

16
RXX(τ) = 36 + 1+8τ2 . Find its mean, average power and variance. [5M]
 or
11. A) Let X(t)= Acos(w0t+Φ) is a random process where A, w0 are constants and Φ is a
uniformly distributed random variable over an interval (0, 2  ). Check for
wide sense Stationarity. [5M]
B) Derive the noise figure and noise equivalent temperature of cascaded networks.
[5M]
Course Outcomes:

After going through this course the student will be able to

• Define and interpret Probability by modelling sample spaces.
• Construct the probability distribution of a random variable, based on a real-world
situation and use it to compute expectation and variance.
• Solve the problems involving multiple random variables.
• Apply the concepts of random process in communication and signal processing.
• Evaluate response of a linear system to random process.
• Analyze the importance of various probability distributions in signal analysis.
• Compare various distributions and its performance characteristics.

QUESTION CO 1 CO 2 CO 3 CO 4 CO 5 CO 6 CO 7 TOTAL
NUMBER
1(a-j) 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 20
2. 10 10
3.a 5 5
3.b 5 5
4.a 5 5
4.b 5 5
5 5 10
6.a 5 5
6.b 5 5
7. 10 10
8 10 10
9 10
10. a 5 5
10 .b 5 5
11. a 5 5
11.b 5 5