A-Level Physics Paper 2 Unsolved Topical Past Papers with Marking Schemes All Variants 2010-2019Title Published by Legal Advisor For Complaints/Order Price A-LEVEL UNSOLVED TOPICAL PHYSICS PAPER 2 MS Books (042-35774780) Ashir Najeeb Khan (Advocate) AKBAR LAW CHAMBERS 39-40, 1" Floor, Sadiq Plaza, The Mall, Lahore. 0307-4299886, 042-36314839 MS Books 177-A1, Link MM. Alam Road Near Ghalib Market, Gulberg Il! lahore (042-35774780),(03334504507) (03334548651) Rs, 1085/-PREFACE Excellence in learning cannot be claimed without application of concepts in a dexterous way. In this regard one of the logical approach is to start in chunks; like chapter wise learning and applying the concept on exam based questions. This booklet provides an opportunity to candidates to practice topic wise questions from previous years to the latest. Extensive working of Team MS Books has tried to take this booklet to perfection by collaborating with top of the line teachers. We have added answer key / marks scheme at the end of each topic for the candidate to compare the hfis/her answer to the best. MS Books strives to maintain actual spacing between consecutive questions and within options. as per CAIE format which gives students a more realistic feel of attempting question Review, feedback and contribution in this booklet by various competent teachers of a subject belonging to renowned school chains make it most valuable resource and tool for both teachers. and students. With all belief in strength of this resource material | can confidently claim that it is worth in achieving brilliance. Our sincere thanks and gratification to Mr. Syed Jabran Ali Kamran who took out special time to help compile and manage this booklet. We would also like to appreciate physics faculty for reviewing and indorsing it. REVIEWED & RECOMMENDED BY Syed Jabran Ali Kamran Muhammad Javed Sulehri LGS (Phase 5 & paragon), BDC, LGS (Paragon & Gulbera), LACAS (Gulberg, Barki, JT) ROOTS IVY, The City School (ALGC) 0336-4864345 0333-4224165 Mirza Irshad Baig Nausher Shahzad Alam ‘SICAS, Bloomfield Hall, LACAS, MGS Yale, Durham, GIKI, University of London 0333-4205837 LGS Defence, BCCG, The City School 0322-8470000 Aamir Mustafa Abdul Hakeem LACAS, LGS (Gulberg & JT), BSS LGS, BSS, ALMA, 0321-4621091 0300-4810136 Muhammad Arshad Chaudhry Ex-Aithison, LGS (JT & 1A1), LACAS BSS ALJT, Pak Turk. 9300-9412902CONTENT TABLE TOPICS Pg# Physical Quantities and Units 7 Measurement Techniques 5 Kinematics 65 Projectile Motion Dynamics 144 Forces & Turning Effect of Force 176 Density... 7 237 Work, Power & Energy 242 “9. Deformation of Solids <0. 280 General Properties of Waves 325 Stationary Waves 345 Waves Superposition 381 Electric Field . 7 414 Current Electricity... co 448 D.C. Circuits 487 Radioactivity & Nuclear Physics ...... . a)P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS Ph ical Quantities and Units Q1/P22/01N12_ (minor) 1 (@) The drag force D on an object of cross-sectional area A, moving with a speed v through a fluid of density p, is given by where Cis a constant. C22 Show that C has np unit, One OY rm “ z vi ws ( = ot unk of (C yrs 2 mm (8 ‘) Ly oasis (b) A sande tate vertically from rest. Assume that air resistance is negligible. (i) On Fig. 1.1, sketch a graph to show the variation with time fof the velocity v of the raindrop for the first 1.0 of the motion 10.0: 8.0 6.0 vims1 4.0 20 0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 us Fig. 1.1 ty Calculate the velocity of the raindrop after falling wa MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 7P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS (c) In practice, air resistance on raindrops is not negligible because there is a drag force. This drag force is given by the expression in (a). (i) State an equation relating the forces acting on the raindrop when it is falling at terminal velocity. i (il) The raindrop has mass 1.4 x 10kg and cross-sectional area 7.1 x 10-m?. The density of the air is 1.2kgm™? and the initial velocity of the raindrop is zero. The value of Cis 0.60. 1, Show that the terminal velocity of the raindrop is about 7ms" (2 2. The raindrop reaches terminal velocity after falling approximately 10m. On Fig. 1.1, sketch the variation with time fof velocity Vfor the raindrop. The sketch should include the first 5s of the motion. fl MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507)P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS QP 22/MIJ/13 2 (a) Determine the SI base units of power. Pa ol | nit of anit G (i) = yrs” Wen Eee «a +(P). Ayn t:6 SI base units of power 4 sveusoe [3] (b) Fig. 1.1 shows a turbine that is used to generate electrict#f power from the wind, Fig. 1.4 ‘The power P available from the wind is given by P= CLpvs where Lis the length of each blade of the turbine, pis the density of air, Ce vis the wind speed, Cis a constant. L “4 v3 (Show that C has no units. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 9P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS i) The length L of each blade of the turbine is 25.0m and the density p of air is 1.30 in SI units. The constant Cis 0.931 The efficiency of the turbine is 55% and the electric power output P is 3.50 x 105W. Calculate the wind speed. wind speed = ms" [3] (ili) Suggest two reasons why the electrical power output of the turbine is less than the power available from the wind 1 - [2] Qu 23/MiJI13 3 (a) State the SI base units of force, -2 hege sovimnnnnn meine se "1 (b) TwoAvires each of length | are placed parallel to each other a distance x apart, as shown in Fig. 1.1 T x T 1 Each wire carries a current I. The currents give rise to a forde F orf each wire given by KIL x where Kis a constant. (i) Determine the SI base units of K. K =F cz Ga Fe hyena > xm Lem units of K .. Ms Books {07A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042:35774780, 0353-4548651, 0333-4504507) 10P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS (ii) On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with x of F. The quantities J and J remain constant 4 (2) The current J in both of the wires is varied. On Fig. 1.3, sketch the variation with I of F. The quantities x and J remain constant. 4 Fig. 1.3 (t] Q1/P22/01NI13, 4 (a) State two SI base units other than the kilogram, metre and second, 1 2 [2] (b) A metal wire has original length J). Itis then suspended and hangs vertically as shown in Fig. 1.1 wire Fig. 1.1 The weight of the wire causes it to stretch. The elastic potentid is E \ (i) Show that the SI base units of Eare kg} MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) "1P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS (ii) The elastic potential energy Eis given by E= Cp*gPAl,s where pis the density of the metal, E gis the acceleration of free fall, Ce. is the cross-sectional area of the wire P 7 “203 and Cis aconstant. Determine the SI base units : Cc amit of “n mh 5 RC Fat en (ya? ns ¥ m” ie pos SI base units of C Aylin Ss [3] Q1/P23/01NI13 5 Acylindrical disc is shown in Fig. 1.1 ‘ 28mm : hamm Fig. 1.1 The disc has diameter 28mm and thickness 12mm. The material of the disc has density 6.8 x 10kgm™ Calculate, to two significant figures, the weight of the disc OG weight = N [4] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 12P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS QuPz2iMisin4 6 (a) Show that the SI base units of power are kgm?s- [3] (b) The rate of flow of thermal energy 2 in a material is given by Q_ CAT tox where Ais the cross-sectional area of the material, Tis the temperature difference across the thickness of the material, xis the thickness of the material, Cis a constant. Determine the SI base units of C. base units Qt/P23/MIJI14 7 {a) Underline all the base quantities in the following list. ampere charge current’ mass second. Ep where Cis a constant, <—ois the strain —> UrilLes8 ZL. Vis the volume of the wire. ‘e Cz dEp ot Pa dui F Us m3 » us Bookie notes & past Pabors) (042 s5%ePbo, a$s-asazest, 0339-4504507) aP2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS Determine the SI base units of C. base units [3] QU/P2t/01NI14 8 (a) Mass, length and time are SI base quantities. State two other base quantities. 1 2, (b) Amass mis placed on the end of a spring that is hanging vertically, as shown in Fig. 1.1. LLLLLLL LLL LL LLL LLL spring mass m Fig. 1.1 The mass is made to oscillate vertically. The time period of the oscillations of the mass is T. The period Tis given by T= c fe (( ¢ where C is a constant and kis the spring constant Show that C has no units. 3] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 14P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS Qn 22/MiJ/15 9 (a) Use the defi n of work done to show that the SI base units of energy are kgm?s"? 2] (b) Define potential difference, 1) (c)_ Determine the SI base units of resistance. Show your working UNITS sessessssnsnessesnsessieensestennseinnenssune 8) QU/P23/MIIIN5 10 (a) The distance between the Sun and the Earth is 1.5 x 10"? m. State this distance in Gm distance = Gm [1] {b) The distance from the centre of the Earth to a satellite radius of the Earth is 6880km. ‘A microwave signal is sent from a point on the Earth direaly elow the satelite pack ve tHe equator is 42.3Mm. The s[2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 45P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS () The speed vof a sound wave through a gas of density p and pressure Pis given by [oP v where Cis a constant, Show that C has no unit. (A) Underline all the scalar quantities in the list below. (3) acceleration energy momentum power weight tt] (e) A boat travels across a river in which the water is moving at a speed of 1.8ms~* The velocity vectors for the boat and the river water are shown to scale in Fig. 1.1 id water velocit ams’) A gonpmbeden = in 3 sm be boat velfeiy ome) ° bors! Fig. 1.1 (shown to scale) In still water the speed of the boat is 3.0ms~1. The boat is djrécte bank. i an angle of 60° to the (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw a vector triangle or a scale diagram\ (o|showsthe fesultant Velocity of the boat. \ \ a \ (2) Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the bok Jk + hp 3 Ye = Jost+ 26* - Yn = Q.62 = 1 Ow Se = Wod ml- &) a) resultant velocity = ms [2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 16P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS QUP23/0/N/15 11 (a) The intensity of a progressive wave is defined as the average power transmitted through a surface per unit area. ‘Show that the SI base units of intensity are kgs~*. (2) {b) (i) The intensity J of a sound wave is related to the amplitude x, of the wave by Kpot?x.? where pis the density of the medium through which the sound is passing, cis the speed of the sound wave, Tis the frequency of the sound wave and Kis aconstant. Show that Khas no units. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 47P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS Calculate the intensity, in pWm K=20, p=1.2in SI base units, ¢= 330 in SI base units, 260 in SI base units 24nm. , of a sound wave where and x, intensity = .pWrr? [3] Qt/P23/MINI16 12 (a) Alist of quantities that are either scalars or vectors is shown in Fig. 1.1. quantity scalar vector distance v energy momentum power time weight ig. 11 Complete Fig. 1.1 to indicate whether each quantity is a One line has been completed as an example, displacement R. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 18P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS 1) (i) Calculate, for the girl, 1. the average speed, average speed = ms" (1] 2. the magnitude of the average velocity v and its angle with respect to the direction of the initial path, magnitude of v= ms angle = 83] QA/P21/0/NI16 13 (a) Define density. where p is the density of the metal and dis the diameter Data for the density and the mass are given in Fig, 1.1. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 19P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS quantity value uncertainty p 8100kgm* m 7.5kg Fig. 1.1 (i) Calculate the diameter d. I= sesen sevens MET] )) Use your answer in (i) and the data in Fig. 1.1 to determine the value of a, with its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures. Qt/P22/0/N/16 14 (a) (i) Define pressure. eessssnseee a _ [1] (ii) Show that the SI base units of pressure are kgm-"s~ (b) Gas flows through the narrow end (nozzle) of a gas that flows through the nozzle in a short time fi _ KeVpP where kis a constant with no units, Cis a quantity that depends on the nozzle size, pis the density of the gas arriving at the nozzle, Ps the pressure of the gas arriving at the nozzle. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 20P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS Determine the base units of C, base units (3) Qt 21/MIJI17 15 (a) Determine the SI base units of stress. ‘Show your working, base units (2) {b) Abeam PQ is clamped so that the beam is horizontal. A mass M of 500g is hung from end Q and the beam bends slightly, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1. clamp R _ horizontal Fig. 1.1 The length Lof the beam from the edge of the clamp R to end Qis 60.0cm. The width b of the beam is 30.0mm and the thickness d of the beam is 5.00mm. The material of the beam has Young modulus E. The mass Mis made to oscillate vertically. The time period T of the oscillations is 0.585 The period Tis given by the expression T=2W/ (i) Determine E in GPa E GPa [3] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 24P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS (ll) The quantities used to determine E should be measured with accuracy and with precision. 1. Explain the difference between accuracy and precision accuracy: precision: (2) In a particular experiment, the quantities 1 and T are measured with the same percentage uncertainty. State and explain which of these two quantities contributes more to the uncertainty in the value of E. Qu/P22/M1J17 16 (a) State two SI base units other than kilogram, metre and second. 1 2. (b) Determine the SI base units of resistivity. MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (04235774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 22P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS (©) (i) Awire of cross-sectional area 1.5mm? and length 2.5m has a resistance of 0.0302. ity of the material of the wire in nm resistivity = nam [3] i) 1, State what is meant by precision. 2. Explain why the precision in the value of the resistivity is improved by using a micrometer screw gauge rather than a metre rule to measure the diameter of the wire. (2) QUIP21/0/N17 17 (a) The drag force F, acting on a sphere moving through a fluid is given by the expression Fy = Kov? where Kis a constant, pis the density of the fluid and vis the speed of the sphere. Determine the SI base units of K. base units MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 23P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS {b) A ball of weight 1.5N falls vertically from rest in air. The drag force Fi, acting on the ball is given by the expression in (a). The ball reaches a constant (terminal) speed of 33ms~* Assume that the upthrust acting on the ball is negligible and that the density of the air is uniform. For the instant when the ball is travelling at a speed of 25ms~, determine the drag force F,, on the ball, NI2] the acceleration of the ball acceleration = ms? [2] (6) Describe the acceleration of the ball in (b) as its speed changes from zero to 38ms™* [3] Q1/P22/01N/17 48 One end of a wire is connected to a fixed point. A load is attached to sKé other end so that the wire hangs vertically. ‘The diameter d of the wire and the load F are measured as d= 0,40 + 0,02mm, 25.0 + 0.5N. (a) For the measurement of the diameter of the wire, state (J) the name of a suitable measuring instru! MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 24P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS (b) The stress vin the wire is calculated by using the expression = 4F © xd? (i) Show that the value of ois 1.99 x 10°Nm2, 0] (ll) Determine the percentage uncertainty in o. percentage uncertainty = % [2] i) Use the information in (b)(i) and your answer in (b)(ii) to determine the value of o, with its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures. Nm [2] Qt/P23/0NII7 19 (a) (i) Define power. (1 MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 25P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS (b) All bodies radiate energy, The power P radiated by a body is given by P=KAT* where Tis the thermodynamic temperature of the body, Ais the surface area of the body and kis a constant. (i) Determine the SI base units of k. base units .. {2] (ii) On Fig. 1.1, sketch the variation with T? of P. The quantity A remains constant. P 72 Fig. 1.1 (1) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 26P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS cavers 20 {a) State what is meant by a scalar quantity and by a vector quantity. salar: . vector: (2) {b) Complete Fig. 1.1 to indicate whether each of the quantities is a vector or a scalar. quantity vector or scalar power temperature momentum Fig. 1.1 (2) {c) An aircraft is travelling in wind. Fig. 1.2 shows the velocities for the aircraft in still air and for the wind. <--- west 65° aircraft velocity in still air 95ms~" wind velocity 28ms Fig. 1.2 The velocity of the aircraft in still air is 95ms~ to the west| The velocity of the wind is 28m“ from 65° so. (i) On Fig. 1.2, draw an arrow, labelled A> aircraft MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 27P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the aircraft magnitude of velocity = ms* [2] [Total: 7] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 28P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS canzoni 21 (a) The kilogram, metre and second are all SI base units, State two other SI base units. 1a 2 aoe (2) (b) A uniform beam AB of length 6.0m is placed on a horizontal surface and then tilted at an angle of 31° to the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 2.1 90N Fig. 2.1 (not to scale) The beam is held in equilibrium by four forces that all act in the same plane. A force of 90N acts perpendicular to the beam at end A. The weight W of the beam acts at its centre of gravity. A vertical force Y and a horizontal force X both act at end B of the beam, State the name of force X. [1] i) By taking moments about end B, calculate the weight W of the beam. Determine the magnitude of force X. magnitude of force X Noy [Total: 6} MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 29P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS arson 22 (a) Mass, length and time are all SI base quantities. State two other SI base quantities. 1 2. “al (b) Awire hangs between two fixed points, as shown in Fig. 1.1 fixed point horizontal 450N wire 1.1 (not to scale) A child’s swing is made by connecting a car tyre to the wire using a rope and a hook. The system is in equilibrium with the wire hanging at an angle of 17° to the horizontal. The tension in the wire is 150N. Assume that the rope and hook have negligible weight ()_ Determine the weight of the tyre weight = Ni2} ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 30 MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap:P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS The wire has a cross-sectional area of 7.5mm? and is made of metal of Young modulus 2.1 x 10" Pa, The wire obeys Hooke’s law. Calculate, for the wire, 4. the stress, stress = Pa [2] the strain strain = 2] [Total: 8] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 34P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS animus 23. (a) Define velocity. [1] (b) The speed v of a sound wave through a gas of pressure P and density p is given by the equation [we Ve where kis a constant that has no units. ‘An experiment is performed to determine the value of k, The data from the experiment are shown in Fig. 1.1 quantity value uncertainty v 33x 10?ms7 £3% P 9.9x10*Pa 2% Pp 1.29kgm~> £4% Fig. 1.1 (i) Use data from Fig. 1.1 to calculate k. k (2) Use your answer in (b)(i) and data from Fig. 1.1 to determine the value of k, with its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures. ? aA f_) ni Oo [Total: 6] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 32P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS QUESTIONS arzaniuie 24 (a) (i) Define resistance. (ii) Apotential difference of 0.60 is applied across a resistor of resistance 4.02. Calculate the current, in pA, in the resistor. current = pA[2] (b) The energy E transferred when charge Q moves through an electrical component is given by the equation E=av where Vis the potential difference across the component. Use the equation to determine the SI base units of potential difference. SI base units 13] Total: 6] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 33P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS MARK SCHEME. Q4/P22/0/N/12 (minor) 1 (a) units for D identified as kgm s* M1 all other units shown: units for A:m? units for v2:m? s* units for p:kgm~ c-— 195 “with cancelling! simplification to give C no units AL [2] kgm°m?m’s {b) (i) straight ine from (0,0) to (1,9.8) + half a square B81 [1] (i) % mv =mgh or using ¥ = 2as ca v= (2x 9.81 x 1000)" Al [2] {e) (i) weight = drag (D) (+ upthrust) B1 ft] Allow mg or Wor Weight and D or expression for D for drag (ii) 1. mg=1.4 «10° « 9.81 C1 1.4% 10% x 9.81 =0.5 0.6 x 1.2%7.1 x 10% x? M1 7.33ms" AQ [2] 2. line from (0,0) correct curvature to a horizontal line at velocity of 7ms’ M1 line reaches 7 ms” between 1.5s and 3.5s AL [2] QP22IM/d/13 2 (a) power = energy / time ct (force * distance / time) = kg m’ s/s ct =kg més? At [3] (b) (i) units of £2: m® and units of p: kgm and units of v3 m* s* ct (C = PIL? pv’) hence units of C: kg m?s~ mr? kg! m3 nr s? or any correct statement of component units m1 argument /discussion / cancelling leading to Chaving no units Al [3] power available from wind = 3.5 x 10° x 100 / 55 (= 6.36 x 10°) C1 v= 3.5 « 10° x 100 / (55 x 0.931 x (25) * 1.3) C1 Ams" Al [3] not all kinetic energy of wind converted to kinetic energy of blades Bt generator / conversion to electrical energy not 100% efficient / heat produced in generator / bearings etc B1 [2] (there must be cause of loss and where located) QUP23/MII/13 3° (a) force: kg ms? AL ft] (b) @) FA km xm ct Kkgms? A? At [2] curve of the correct shape (for inverse proportionality) M1 clearly approaching each axis but never touching the axj AL 2) (iii) curving upwards and through origin t Q1/P22/0/NI13 4 (a) kelvin/K ampere / amp / A 2) [allow mole / mol and candela / Cd] {b) (i) energy OR work = force x distance [all units: kgms%xm OR kg(ms"/f (ignore any nut =kgm?s? AO [2] (i) units: o:kgnr® gms? Am? bm ca ©: kgm? s*/ kg? nv*m’ s*m?m [any subject] c1 =kg'ms? — (allow ms?/kg) A £3] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 34P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS MARK SCHEME. Q1/P23/01NI13 5 (a) Slunits for T: s, R: mand M: kg (or seen clearly in formula) ct 8 2 3 2 ° or SK K= PM/R units: s?kgm? (allow s® kg/m? or “82 y A i) (b) % uncertainty in K: 1% (for T) + 3% (for R) + 2% (for M) OR = 6% ct K = [(86400)* x 6 x 10°] / (4.23 x 10")? = 5.918 x 10" C1 6% of K= 0.355 x 10" ct K= (5.9 + 0.4) x 10" (SI units) correct power of ten required for both At [4] [incorrect % value then max. 1] Qup22iMisii4 6 (a) power = energy/time or work done /time B1 force: kg ms* (including from mg in mgh or Fv) orkinetic energy ¢ mv): kg (ms? Bt (distance: m and (time)~": s“') and hence power: kgms“*ms~' = kgm’s* B1 [3] {b) Q/tzkgm?s* ct A:n? andx mand T:K ct correct substitution into C = (Qx) /tAT or equivalent, or with cancellation ct units of C: kgms“K At [4] QUIP23IMIdI14 7 (a) current, mass and temperature two correct 2/2, one omission or error 1/2 Az (2 (b) ¢ nounits, Vim? ct Ee: kgm?s* ct C: kgm’? x m= kgmiv's* Al [3] QUP2101NI14 8 (a) temperature B1 current Bi [2] {allow amount of substance and luminous intensity) (b) base units of force constant: kgm sm” or kg s* Bt base units of time and mass: s and kg ct base units of C: s(kgs~“/ kg)" cancelling to show no units B13] QIP22IM/II15 9 (a) (work =) force «distance or force x displacement or (W=) Fx d M1 units of work: kgms? xm = kgm’s* At (2 (0) (pa) work (done) or energy (transformed) (from electrical ” charge (©) R=VIT units of V kgn’s/As and units of I: A 1) or R=PIFP [orP= VI and V= IR] units of P: kgm?s~ and units of EA or R=VIP units of V. kgm?s*/As and units of P: kg ms units of R: (kgm?s~*/A?s =) kgn? sa MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 35P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS MARK SCHEME. QUIP23IMNI15 10 (a) 150 or 1.5 x 10°Gm At 1] {b) distance = 2 x (42.3 - 6.38) x 10° (= 7.184 x 10’m) C1 (time =) 7.184 x 107 / (3.0 x 10°) = 0.24 (0.239)s AL El (c) units of pressure P: kgms“/n? = kgm™'s~ M1 units of density : kg nr and speed v: ms" M1 simplification for units of C: C = V p/P units: (m’ s* kgm) kg ms” and cancelling to give no units for C At 13) (d) energy and power (both underlined and no others) A ff] (e) (i) vector triangle of correct orientation M1 three arrows for the velocities in the correct directions AL [2] (li) length measured from scale diagram 5.2 + 0.2.cm or components of boat speed determined parallel and perpendicular to river flow ct velocity = 2.6 ms” (allow + 0.1ms"') AL [2] QU/P23/0/NI15 41 (a) energy or W: kg nfs? or power or P: kgm? intensity or I: kgm?s?nt? s" (from use of energy expression) or kg nt sm” (from use of power expression) indication of simplification to kg °° AV 2) (b) () pkgm cmst, fs", ~m M1 ‘substitution of terms in an appropriate equation and simplification to show K has no units At [2] T= 20x 1.2 x 330 x (260)? x (0.24 x 10°)? c = 31x 10 (Wm?) C1 = 31 (30.8)pwm™ Al [3] Mt Q1iP23/MisI16 12 (a) scalars: energy, power and time Al vectors: momentum and weight AL 22 (b) (i) triangle with right angles between 120m and 80m, arrows labelled R — B1 [1] 1. average speed (= 200/27) = 7.4ms~" \ \ at ft] 2, resultant displacement (= [120° + 807]") = 144 (m) \ oN C1 average velocity (= 144/27) = 5.3(3)ms™ \ direction (= tan“ 80/120) = 34° (33.7 MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 36P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS MARK SCHEME. QUP2t/OINII6 13 (a) (density =) mass /volume Bt 1) (b) (i) d= [6 x7.5)/(x x 8100) 0.12(1) m At [1] percentage uncertainty = (4 + 5)/3 (= 3%) or fractional uncertainty = (0.04 + 0.05)/3 (= 0.03) C1 absolute uncertainty (= 0.03 x 0.121) = 0,0036 1 d=0.121 + 0.004m Al [3] QUP22/01NI16 14 (a) (i) force/area (normal to the force) B1 [1] (i) (p= FIA so) units: kgm sm? = kg mrs? AL ff] allow use of other correct equations: e.g. (Ap = pgAh so) kg m™ ms m = kg nv's: e.g. (p = WIAV so) kg ms? m/m’ = kg m™' s* (b) units for m: kg, ts and p: kg nv a units of C: kg/s (kg mi? kg m~' 5%)" or Units of C%: kg?/ s? kg mv®kg ms C1 units of C: m? AL [3] Qup2tMisi7 15 (a) (stress =) force / area or kgms7/m? BI =kgm's* A (b) (i) 0.58 = 2n x {(4% 0.500 x 0.600" ) / (E x 0.0300 x 0.00500%))°5 ct E= [4 x 4 x 0,500 x (0.600)41/ [(0.58)* x 0.0300 x (0.00500) c = 1.35 x 10° (Pa) = 14 (13.5) GPa A (I) 1. (accuracy determined by) the closeness of the value(s)/measurement(s) to the true value (precision determined by) the range of the values/ 2. 1 is (cubed so) 3 x (percentage/fractional) uncertainty and’ is (squared so) 2 x (percentage/ fractional) \1 and (so) [contributes more \ MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 37P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS Q4/P22/MISI17 16 (a) (b) ©) kelvin, mole, ampere, candela any two use of resistivity = RA / land V =IR (to give p = VA/ II) units of V: (work done / charge) kg m*s~(Asy" units of resistivity: (kgm*s~*A~' At m) =kg ns? or use of R= pL/A and P= FR (gives p= PA/I’L) units of P: kgm?s® units of resistivity: (kgm?s~ x m?)/ (A x m) =kgm's"A~ @ p =(RA/D) = (0.03 x 1.5 x 10%)/2.5 (= 1.8 x 107) =18nQm (I) 41. precision is determined by the range in the measurements/ values/readings/data/results 2. metre rule measures to + 1mm and micrometer to + 0.01 mm (so there is less (percentage) uncertainty/random error) MARK SCHEME. BI c1 ce At (cry (cr) (ary ce c1 At BI BI MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 38P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS MARK SCHEME. QUP21/01NII7 17 (a) units of F: kgms C1 units of p: kgm~ and units of v: ms’ C1 Units of K: kgms"2/[kgm*(m s™)] A my (b) ) Kp = 15/337 C1 = 1.38 x 10% Al Fo = 1.38 x 10° x 25? or Fy /1.5 = 257/33" Fo =0.86N (i) a= (1.5-0.86)/(1.5/9.81) or a= 9.81 — [0.86 /(1.5/9.81)] ct a=4.2ms A (©) initial acceleration is g/9.81(m s“)/acceleration of free fall Bt acceleration decreases Bt final acceleration is zero Bt Q1/P22/0/NI17 18 (a) (i) micrometer (screw gauge)/digital calipers Bt (I) take several readings (and average) m1 along the wire oraround the circumference ” (b) (I) = 4x 25/ [xx (0.40 x 10°) = 1.99 x 10°Nm™ AL = 251 « (020% 10°) = 1.90 10°N mn? (i) %F=2% and %d = 5% ec Yor = 2% + (2 x 5%) or %or= [0.02 + (2 x 0.05)] x 100 %o= 12% (il) absolute uncertainty = (12/100) x 1.99 x 10 =24x107 = 2.0 x 10°+ 0.2 x 10° Nm? or 2.0+ 0.2 x 10°Nm? MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 39P2-TOPIC #1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS Q1/P23/0/N/17 19 (a) (I) work (done)/time (taken) or energy (transferred) /time (taken) (Wl) Correct substitution of base units of all quantities into any correct equation for power. Examples: (P= E/tor W/tgives) kgm?s~/ s = kg m*: (P= Fs/t or mgh/t gives) kgms@m/s = kgm’s™ (P= %’emv'/ t gives) kg (ms~')?/s = kgm’s™ (P= Fvgives) kgm s* ms“ = kgm’s* (P= VI gives) kg m?s™ A's“ A = kgm?! (©) (units of A: m? and units of T: K Units of k: kg ms / m?K* = kgs*K* (I) curve from the origin with increasing gradient MARK SCHEME. BI A e At BI MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 40PHYSICAL QUANTITIES & UNITS MARK SCHEME. P2-ToPIc #1 OL (sw Zh-@0F mo (ty) (vo) umelp senpbjen Jo peu a (pomou wisbeip #5% m 7.5kg 4% Fig.1.1 (i) Calculate the diameter a. a eves ssnnns sau sevssvnnens [1] (ii) Use your answer in (i) and the data in Fig. 1.1 to determine the value of d, with its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 55P2-ToPIC #2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES QUESTIONS Qn/P24/Mi5/17 13 (a) Determine the SI base units of stress. Show your working base units (2) (b) Abeam PQis clamped so that the beam is horizontal. A mass M of 500g is hung from end Q and the beam bends slightly, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1 clamp —_ R 1 _ horizontal Fig. 1.1 The length Lof the beam from the edge of the clamp R to end Qis 60.0om. The width b of the beam is 30.0mm and the thickness d of the beam is 5.00mm, The material of the beam has Young modulus E. The mass Mis made to oscillate vertically. The time period T of the oscillations is 0.685. The period Tis given by the expression 4 | Ms 7 Ed (Determine Ein GPa. Cl Eo § an} wit} precision. accuracy: precision: (2) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 56P2-ToPIC #2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES QUESTIONS 2. Ina particular experiment, the quantities and T are measured with the same percentage uncertainty. State and explain which of these two quantities contributes more to the uncertainty in the value of E. (1) Q4/P22/0/NI17 14 One end of a wire is connected to a fixed point. A load is attached to the other end so that the wire hangs vertically. The diameter d of the wire and the load F are measured as d=0.40 £0.02mm, 25.0 £0.5N. {a) For the measurement of the diameter of the wire, state i) the name of a suitable measuring instrument, [1] how random errors may be reduced when using the instrument in (i. -l2} (b) The stress cin the wire is calculated by using the expression AF ad? (i) Show that the value of cis 1.99 x 10°Nm (ii) Determine the percentage uncertainty in percentage uncertainty = % [2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 57P2-ToPIC #2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES QUESTIONS i)_Use the information in (b)(i) and your answer in (b){ii) to determine the value of o, with its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures. Nav? [2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 58P2-ToPIC #2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES QUESTIONS caress 15 (a) Ananalogue voltmeter is used to take measurements of a constant potential difference across aresistor. For these measurements, describe one example of (i) a systematic error, [1] (ii) arandom error. [1] {b) The potential difference across a resistor is measured as 5.0V + 0.1 V. The resistor is labelled as having a resistance of 12522 + 3%. (i) Caloulate the power dissipated by the resistor. power = Wie) (li) Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the calculated power. percentage uncertainty = % [2] (iii) Determine the value of the power, with its absolute unceyfainty,46 an appropriate number of significant figures. power = MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 59P2-TOPIC #2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES MARK SCHEME. Q1iP22/MiJ/10 1 (a) micrometer/screw gaugeldigital callipers: .........-ecssseee seceeecn BA tt] (b) (i) look/check for 2010 erFOF ...esecessessseesstvesetineeetiinssenenee BA ol take several readings m1 around the circumference/along the wire .... At 2] Qup23/Misi10 2 (a) (i) 1% of #2.05 is 40.02 M tt] max. value is 2.08 V A io (b) there may be a zero error/calibration error/systematic error Mi which makes all readings either higher or lower than true value At ie} Q1/P23/01NI10 3 (a) allow 0.05mm — 0.15mm B1 [1] (b) allow0.25s 05s B1 [1] (c) allow 8N— 12N B1 [1] ignore number of significant figures QuP2siMdit4 4 (a) 2nd row random, 3rd row neither, 4th row systematic all correct B2 two correct scores 1 only 2 (b) (i) 1. systematic error: the average / peak is not the true value / the readings are not centred around the true value BI [1] 2. random error: readings have positive and negative values around the peak value / values are scattered / wide range Bt [1] qi) 4. : peak / average value moves towards the true value B1 [1] 2. precise: lines are closer together / sharper peak Bt ft] QUiP22IMisN2 V_aPrt 5 @ acl C = [ex 2.5 x 10° (0,75 x 10°°)"]/ (8 x 1.2 x 10° x 0.25) C1 = 1.04 « 10° Nem? AL [2] (b) 4% %r ct %C = %P+4 x Yor + Wit + Yl + 5.3% + 0.83% + 0.4% (= 8.6%) AC = # 0.089 x 10° Ns? (c) C=(1.04 + 0.09) x 10° Nsm* [3] 11) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 60P2-TOPIC #2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES MARK SCHEME. Qt/P23/0/NI2 6 (a) spacing = 380 or 3.8 x 10?pm Bt [1] (b) 4 x 3600 086 (0.0864)Ms B11] 1.5 x10" (c) time = distance / speed = >" C1 3x10 = 500(s) = 83min At [2] {d) momentum and weight BI [1] {e) (i) arrow to the right of plane direction (about 4° to 24°) B1 [1] (ii) scale diagram drawn or use of cosine formula v= 250? + 36*—2 x 250 x 36 x cos 45° or resolving v = [(36¢0s 45°) + (250 — 36sin 45°)"]"" co resultant velocity = 226 (220 - 240 for scale diagram) ms~ allow one mark for values 210 to 219 or 241 to 250ms™ or use of formula (\7 = 51068) v= 230 (226)ms" AL [2] Q2/P22/0/NI13, 7 (a) d=vxt ct 1=0.2x4 (allow t= 0.2% 2) c1 d=3x10°x08x10% OR 3x 10°x 04x 10° C1 d= 240 m hence distance from source to reflector = 120 m AL fy {b) speed of sound 300 cf speed of ight 3x10" OR time = 240 / 300 (= 0.8) OR time = 120 / 300 (= 0.4) ct sound slower by factor of 10° OR time for one division 0.8 / 4 OR time for one division 0.4 / 2 ct time base setting 0.2scm™ —_[unit required] Al [3] Q2IP23/01NI13 8 (a) Slunits for T: s, R: m and M: kg (or seen clearly in formula) ct K= PMI units: x? kgm? (allow s? kg/m? or 8) A (b) % uncertainty in K: 1% (for T) + 3% (for R) + 2% (for M) OR = 6% ct K= ((86400) x 6 x 10% / (4.23 x 10’) = 5.918 x 10" ct 6% of K= 0.355 x 10%" ct K= (6.9 £ 0.4) x 10" (SI units) correct power of ten required for both AL [4] [incorrect % value then max. 1] Q2/P22/Misit4 9 (a) p=miv 214) x t = 7.67 x 107 me 9.6 x 10“)/[n(22.112 x 107)? x 2.00 x 10-4 2513 kgm” (allow 2 or more s-f.) (b) (i) Ap/p = Amim + Atit+ 2ad/d = 5.21% + 0.50% + 0.905% _[or, 6.6% (6.61%) (ii) p = 12500 + 800kgm*> (B) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 61P2-TOPIC #2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES MARK SCHEME. Q2/P21/0/N/14 40 (a) pressure = force / area (normal to the force) [clear ratio essential] Bt [1] (b) (i) P = mgiA = (6.09x9.81)/A ct A = (nd?/4) = nx (9.4 x 1077/4 (= 0.00694m*) 1 P = 49.93 / 0.00694 7200 (7195)Pa (minimum of 2 sf. required) At [3] AP/P = Am/m + 2d/d c1 =0,01/ 5.09 + (2 «0.1)/ 9.4 (= 0.0020 + 0.021 or 2.3%) C1 AP = 170 (165 to 167)Pa AL 3] (ili) P = 7200 + 200Pa Al [1] Q2/P23/MI/16 11 (a) systematic: the reading is larger or smaller than (or varying from) the true reading by a constant amount BI random: scatter in readings about the true reading BI 2] (b) precision: the size of the smallest division (on the measuring instrument) or 0.01 mm for the micrometer Bt accuracy: how close (diameter) value is to the true (diameter) value BI 2] Q1/P21/0/NI16 12 (a) (density =) mass/ volume Bt [f] (b) (i) d =((6 x 7.5)/ (xx 8100)” 0.12(1) m At ff] percentage uncertainty = (4 + 5)/3 (3%) or fractional uncertainty = (0.04 + 0.05)/3 (= 0.03) ct absolute uncertainty (= 0.03 x 0.121) = 0.0036 ct d=0.121 £0.004m A 13) QuP2uMis7 13 (a) (stress Bt at (b) (i) 0.58 = 2x x [(4 x 0.500 x 0.600" )/ (Ex 0.0300 x 0.00500°)P* ct E = [4n® x 4 x 0.500 x (0.600)"]/ [(0.58)” x 0.0300 x (0.00500)*] c = 1.35 x 10" (Pa) = 14 (13.5) GPa a At (i) 1. (accuracy determined by) the closeness ofthe valu ) 3)\ to the true value andT is (squared so) 2 x (percentag and (so) [contributes more MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 62P2-ToPIC #2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES Q1/P22/01NI17 micrometer (screw gauge)/digital calipers take several readings (and average) along the wire oraround the circumference = 4x 25/ [nx (0.40 x 1077))] = 1.99 x 10°N mr? or 4 @) @) a ) (i, (i) 99 x 10°N m* 5/ fr x (0.20 x 10-)*] oF = 2% and %d = 5% or aFiF= 23 and adid = 292 25 04 tho = 2% + (2 x 5%) or %or = [0.02 + (2 x 0.05)] x 100 or = 12% absolute uncertainty = (12/100) x 1.99 x 10° = 24x10" = 2.0 x 10° 0.2 x 10° Nm? or 2.0 0.2 x 10° Nm? MARK SCHEME. Bt M1 A A ec A c A MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 63MARK SCHEME. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES P2-ToPIC #2 M,.0b x(L0%0°2) 40 10002 0="6nog] Ww rLoo= { Wo 020 (001 /2)= dul Auleyeoun aynjosqe | (1N)(q)L %L= Ww OL x(€0°0+Z0°0 x Z)=d% 40 WE+(%ZxZ)= d% 19 ZO'O=AIAV 40 %Z=A% | (wNla)L moz'o Ww GZL* (P00) 49 POOXO'S 40 GZL/,0S= J 1 I= PUB IA=d 30 Y/-A=d}| (IME 1a Suoisinip/sBulpeas ajeos ueomjag Bunejodsoyu! A/GuoIm 40 so|Gue yuosoyIp Wo) aje0s Gupeos | (1)(e)L ta ‘21298 payeqijed AIBuowm 10 sous o10z | —(iM'E)L sue Jemsuy uonsend SLD 8H een Notes & Past Papers) (04235774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) MS Books (O/A LeP2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Kinematics qzip22imisit0 1 (a) The distance s moved by an object in time t may be given by the expression s = 4at® where ais the acceleration of the object. State two conditions for this expression to apply to the motion of the object. 4 (2) (b) A student takes a photograph of a steel ball of radius 5.0cm as it falls from rest, The image of the ball is blurred, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1. —— The image is blurred because the ball is moving while the photograph is being taken. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 65P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS initial position of ball in photograph final position of ball in photograph Fig. 2.1 The scale shows the distance fallen from rest by the ball. At time t= 0, the top of the ball is level with the zero mark on the scale. Air resistance is negligible. Calculate, to an appropriate number of significant figures, (the time the ball falls before the photograph is taken, time = (li) the time interval during which the photograph is time interval = S s{3] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 66P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS {c)_ The student in (b) takes a second photograph starting at the same position on the scale. The ball has the same radius but is less dense, so that air resistance is not negligible. State and explain the changes that will occur in the photograph. (2 Q3/P23/M/J/10 2 A cyclist is moving up a slope that has a constant gradient. The cyclist takes 8.0s to climb the slope. The variation with time tof the speed v of the cyclist is shown in Fig. 3.1 8 vims" 6 tis Fig. 3.1 (a) Use Fig. 3.1 to determine the total distance moved up the sloy distance = Notes & Past Papers) (04235774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 67 MS Books (O/A LeP2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS {b) The bicycle and cyclist have a combined mass of 92kg. The vertical height through which the cyclist moves is 1.3m. (i) For the movement of the bicycle and cyclist between t= 0 and t= 8.0s, 1. use Fig. 3.1 to calculate the change in kinetic energy, change = J (2) 2, calculate the change in gravitational potential energy. change = J (2) (ii) The cyclist pedals continuously so that the useful power delivered to the bicycle is 75W. Calculate the useful work done by the cyclist climbing up the slope. work done = JQ {c) Some energy is used in overcoming frictional forces. { C-™ (i) Use your answers in (b) to show that the total enérgy converted ip-gverdgming frictional forces is approximately 670. ) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 68P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Determine the average magnitude of the frictional forces. average force = N [1] (a) Suggest why the magnitude of the total resistive force would not be constant [2] Q4/P23/0/NI10 3 Astudent takes measurements to determine a value for the acceleration of free fall. Some of the apparatus used is illustrated in Fig. 4.1 electromagnet — iron- ball bench: Fig. 4.1 The student measures the vertical distance d between the base ef the blectromagnet and the bench. The time t for an iron ball to fall from the electromagnet #6 the bench is also measured. ( Corresponding values of t? and dare shown in Fig. 4.2. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 69P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 2s? (a) On Fig. 4.2, draw the line of best fit for the points. tt (b) State and explain why there is a non-zero intercept on the graph of Fig. 4.2. (i) the diameter of the ball, diameter = (i) the acceleration of free fal acceleration = ms? [3] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 70P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Q2/P22/M/JI11 (Major) 4 (a) Asphere of radius Ris moving through a fluid with constant speed v. There is a frictional force F acting on the sphere, which is given by the expression F=6xDRv where D depends on the fluid. (i) Show that the SI base units of the quantity D are kgm="s~ (3) (il) A raindrop of radius 1.5mm falls vertically in air at a velocity of 3.7ms-?. The value of Dior air is 6.6 x 10~kgm™1s~’, The density of water is 1000kgm~S. Calculate 1. the magnitude of the frictional force F, F swe NA] the acceleration of the raindrop. acceleration = MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) nP2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (b) The variation with time fof the speed vof the raindrop in (a) is shown in Fig. 2.1 24 (i) State the variation with time of the acceleration of the raindrop. aller than that given sketch the variation of speed with time for this second raindrop. Q3/P23/M/J/11 5 Ahelicopter has a cable hanging from it towards the sea below, as shown in Fig. 3.1 helicopter Fig. 3.1 _| )) Aman of mass 80kg rescues a child of mass 50.5kg. The attaghed to the cable and are lifted from the sea to the helicopter. The lifting process Gonsists-of\an jnjtial uniform acceleration followed by a period of constant velocity and then com soapy ara uniform deceleration. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 72P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS (a) Calculate the combined weight of the man and child. weight (b) Calculate the tension in the cable during (i) the initial acceleration of 0.570ms~, tension = (ii) the period of constant velocity of 2.00ms"* tension = {c) During the final deceleration the tension in the cable is 1240N. deceleration. deceleration = (a) () Calculate the time over which the man and child are 1. moving with uniform acceleration, time = moving with uniform deceleration. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 73 QUESTIONS NOt] Nf] Calculate this ms [2]P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS The time over which the man and child are moving with constant velocity is 20s On Fig. 3.2, sketch a graph to show the variation with time of the velocity of the man and child for the complete lifting process. 2.0 velocity ims 1.0 ° 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 time/s Fig. 3.2 (2) aup22i0 (N11 6 The variation with time t of the displacement s for a car is shown in Fig. 1.1 600: 500: sim 400: 300: 200: 100 average velocity MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (04235774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 74P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (b) On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with time t of the velocity vor the car. vims*) 0. Fig. 1.2 (4) Q2/P23/0/NI11 7 The variation with time ¢ of velocity v of a car is shown in Fig. 2.1. i staget | stage 2 i a tm +? 20.0 15.0 vims"! 10.0 5.0 0 ° 05 1.0 15 2.0 2.5 3.0 35 ts Fig. 2.1 At time f = 0, the driver sees an obstacle in the road. A short time | brakes. The car travels in two stages, as shown in Fig. 2.1. —/ (a) Use Fig. 2.1 to describe the velocity of the car in ( 1. stage 1, (r, th® driver applies the MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 75P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS {b) (i) Calculate the distance travelled by the car from t = 0 to t = 3.5s. total distance = sessment naen m (2) (ii) The car has a total mass of 1250kg, Determine the total resistive force acting on the car in stage 2. force = -N [3] (c) For safety reasons drivers are asked to travel at lower speeds. For each stage, describe and explain the effect on the distance travelled for the same car and driver travelling at half the initial speed shown in Fig. 2.1 (stage 1: (i) stage 2 MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 76P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS 8 (b) The ball rebounds vertically with a speed of 4.2ms~ as it leav Q2iP22/Mis/12 (a) A ball is thrown vertically down towards the ground and rebounds as illustrated in Fig, 2.1. balll passing point A ball at maximum height after rebound B a 24 As the balll passes A, it has a speed of 8.4ms™', The height of A is 5.0m above the ground. The ball hits the ground and rebounds to B. Assume that air resistance is negligible, (i) Calculate the speed of the ball as it hits the ground. speed = ms [2] (ii) Show that the time taken for the ball to reach the ground is 0.47s. (1) ground. The time the ball is in contact with the ground is 20ms. The ball rebounds to a rhaximum height h The ball passes A at time t= 0. On Fig. 2.2, plot a graph to-¢how the variation with time t of the velocity v of the ball. Continue the graph until thg ball has rebounded from the ground and reaches B. \ ~ \ MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 7P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS vims" ig. 2.2 [3] (c) The ball has a mass of 0.050kg. It moves from A and reaches B after rebounding (i) For this motion, calculate the change in 1. kinetic energy, change in kinetic energy = Ji2] 2. gravitational potential energy. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 78P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Q2/P23/M/JI12 9 A motor drags a log of mass 452 kg up a slope by means of a cable, as shown in Fig. 2.1 start and finish position of log The slope is inclined at 14.0° to the horizontal. {a) Show that the component of the weight of the log acting down the slope is 1070N 1) (b) The log starts from rest. A constant frictional force of 525N acts on the log. The log accelerates up the slope at 0.130ms~. (i) Calculate the tension in the cable. tension = Nia} (ii) The log is initially at rest at point S. It is pulled through a distance of 10.0m to point P. Calculate, for the log, 1. the time taken to move from S to P, MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 79P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS 2. the magnitude of the velocity at P. velocity ms" [1] (¢) The cable breaks when the log reaches point P. On Fig, 2.2, sketch the variation with time tof the velocity v of the log. The graph should show v ‘rom the start at S until the log returns to S. 4] 22 Q1/P22/0/N/12. (major) 10 (a) The drag force D on an object of cross-sectional area A, moving with a speed v through a fluid of density p, is given by where Cis a constant. Show that Chas no unit. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 80P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (b) A raindrop falls vertically from rest, Assume that air resistance is negligible. (i) On Fig. 1.1, sketch a graph to show the variation with time t of the velocity v of the raindrop for the first 1.0 of the motion. 10.0: 8.0) 6.0 vims* 40 2.0 0 0 1.0 20 3.0 40 5.0 tls Fig. 1.1 (1) (il) Calculate the velocity of the raindrop after falling 1000. velocity ms" [2] (c) In practice, air resistance on raindrops is not negligible because there is a drag force. This drag force is given by the expression in (a). (i) State an equation relating the forces acting on the raindrop when it is falling at terminal velocity. (1) (ii) The raindrop has mass 1.4 x 1075kg and cross-sectional 7.1 x 10%m?, The density of the air is 1.2kgm-® and the initial velocity of tKe ralndrop is zero. The value of Cis 0.60. 1. Show that the terminal velocity of the raindrop is aha 7he a should include the first s of the motion. MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 81P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS QU/P23/0/NI12 11. (a) The spacing between two atoms in a crystal is 3.8 x 10-1m. State this distance in pm. spacing pm [1] (b) Calculate the time of one day in Ms. time = seoessnuesiinne MS [1] (c)_ The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 0.15 Tm. Calculate the time in minutes for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth, time (a) Underline all the vector quantities in the list below. min [2] distance energy momentum weight work tt] (e) The velocity vector diagram for an aircraft heading due north is shown to scale in Fig, 1.1. There is a wind blowing from the north-west aircraft Fig. 1.1 MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 82P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS The speed of the wind is 36ms~’ and the speed of the aircraft is 250ms~1 () Draw an arrow on Fig. 1.1 to show the direction of the resultant velocity of the aircraft ty Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the aircraft resultant velocity = ms" [2] Q2/P23/0/NI12 12. Two planks of wood AB and BC are inclined at an angle of 15° to the horizontal. The two wooden planks are joined at point B, as shown in Fig, 2.1 Fig. 2.1 A small block of metal M is released from rest at point A. It slides down the slope to B and up the opposite side to C. Points A and C are 0.26m above B. Assume frictional forces are negligible. (@) (i) Describe and explain the acceleration of M as it travels from A to B and from B to C. . 3) Calculate the time taken for M to travel from A to B. Calculate the speed of M at B. MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 83P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (b) The plank BC is adjusted so that the angle it makes with the horizontal is 30°. M is released from rest at point A and slides down the slope to B. It then slides a distance along the plank from B towards C. Use the law of conservation of energy to calculate this distance. Explain your working, distance = m [2] Q2iP23IMiNI13 13. (a) A student walks from A to B along the path shown in Fig. 2.1. A The student takes time fto walk from A to B. (i) State the quantity, apart from ¢, that must be measured in order to determine the average value of 1. speed, 2. velocity. {1] (ii) Define acceleration. Fig. 2.2 MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 84P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS The trampoline consists of a central section supported by springy material. At time t= 0 the gitl starts to fall. The girl hits the trampoline and rebounds vertically. The variation with time t of velocity v of the git is illustrated in Fig. 2.3. 10.0: 8.0) 6.0: vims*1 4.0: 2.0: tls -2.0 -4.0: 6.0. Tebound time: -8.0 Fig. 2.3 For the motion of the gil, calculate (i) the distance fallen between time t= 0 and when she hits the trampoline, distance = m2] the average acceleration during the rebound. acceleration = (©) (i) Use Fig. 2.3 to compare, without calculation, the ace¢lerati and after the rebound. Explain your answer. x we telle the potential energy of the air -at 4 IL) Use Fig. 2.3 to compare, without calculatio t=O and t= 1.85s. Explain your answer. (2) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 85P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Q3/P23/0/NI13, 14 (a) Define () velocity, {1} acceleration. 1 (b) A car of mass 1500kg travels along a straight horizontal road, The variation with time t of the displacement x of the car is shown in Fig. 3.1 140. 120. 100: 80, xim 60, 40: 20: MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 86P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS ())_ Use Fig. 3.1 to describe qualitatively the velocity of the car during the first six seconds of the motion shown. Give reasons for your answers. Calculate the average velocity during the time interval t= 0 to t= 15s. average velocity ms" [1] (iii) Show that the average acceleration between t= 1.5s and t= 4.0s is -7.2ms~, (2) (iv) Calculate the average force acting on the car between t= 1.58 and f= 4.08. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 87P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Q4/P21/0/NI14 15. A trolley moves down a slope, as shown in Fig. 4.1 trolley. horizontal Fig. 4.1 The slope makes an angle of 25° with the horizontal. A constant resistive force F, acts up the slope on the trolley. Attime , the trolley has velocity v = 0.50ms-" down the slope. Attime t= 4.0s, v = 12s“ down the slope. {a) (i) Show that the acceleration of the trolley down the slope is approximately 3ms-2, (2) (ii) Calculate the distance x moved by the trolley down the slope from time t= 0 to t= 4.0s. x= m (2) i) On Fig. 4.2, sketch the variation with time tof distance x moved by the trolley. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 88P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (b) The mass of the trolley is 2.0kg. (i) Show that the component of the weight of the trolley down the slope is 8.3N. a} (i) Calculate the resistive fore Fy. N 2 Q2/P22IMISI15 16 A stone is thrown vertically upwards. The variation with time tof the displacement s of the stone is shown in Fig. 2.1 ome >Ote (30m) {a) Use Fig. 2.1 to describe, without calculation, {the stone fr MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (04235774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 89P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (b) Assume air resistance is negligible and therefore the stone has constant acceleration Calculate, for the stone, (i) the speed at 3.0s, speed = ms* [3] the distance travelled from t= 0 to f= 3.0s, distance the displacement from t= 0 to t= 3.08 displacement = direction MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 90P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (c) On Fig. 2.2, draw the variation with time t of the velocity vof the stone from. =0to vims Fig. 2.2 (3) QUiP23/MiII15 17 (a) The distance between the Sun and the Earth is 1.5 x 10" m. State this distance in Gm. distance = eee sreeaeeee GM [1] (b) The distance from the centre of the Earth to a satellite above the equator is 42.3Mm. The radius of the Earth is 6380km. Ammicrowave signal is sent from a point on the Earth directly below the satellite. Calculate the time taken for the microwave signal to travel to the satellite and back MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 1P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS () The speed vof a sound wave through a gas of density p and pressure Pis given by F where Cis a constant. Show that C has no unit. 8] (4) Underline all the scalar quantities in the list below. acceleration energy momentum power weight tt] {e) A boat travels across a river in which the water is moving at a speed of 1.8ms~? The velocity vectors for the boat and the river water are shown to scale in Fig. 1.1. water velocity 1.8ms~! — river boat velocity 3.0ms-1 60" river bank Fig. 1.1 (shown to scale) In still water the speed of the boat is 3.0ms™1. The boat is directed At an angle of 60° to the river bank. ( = (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw a vector triangle or a scale diagram\to|showthe fesultant Velocity of the boat. \ \ — )\ 2] Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of t resultant velocity = ... ms [2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 92P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS a2iP23/M/SI15 18 The variation with time t of the velocity vof a ball is shown in Fig. 2.1. vims~* ~10 15: Fig. 2.1 The ball moves in a straight line from a point P at t= 0. The mass of the ball is 400g {a) Use Fig. 2.1 to describe, without calculation, the velocity of the balll from f= 0 to f= 16s. (b)_ Use Fig, 2.1 to calculate, for the ball, (i) the displacement from P at t= 10s, displacement MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 93P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (il) the acceleration at t= 10s, acceleration = . ms [2] the maximum kinetic energy. Kinetic energy = ens ssnens sau Jt] to determine the time from t= 0 for the ball to return to P. (ce) Use your answers in (b)(i) and (b)(i time s[2] Qt/P22/01NI15 19 (a) The frequency of an X-ray wave is 4.6 x 10?°Hz. Calculate the wavelength in pm. wavelength = (b) The distance from Earth to a star is 8.5 x 10'®m-Calcul: star to Earth in Gs. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 94P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS {c) The following list contains scalar and vector quantities. Underline all the scalar quantities. acceleration force mass = power _—temperature weight ty {d)_ A boat is travelling in a flowing river. Fig. 1.1 shows the velocity vectors for the boat and the river water. water velocity 8.0ms~! boat velocity 14.0ms-! 60° east ae fli Fig. 1.1 The velocity of the boat in still water is 14.0ms~ to the east. The velocity of the water is 8.0ms™ from 60° north of east. (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the resultant velocity of the boat. [1] Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the boat. magnitude of velogity = MS Books (O/A Le Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 95P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Q2/P22/0/N/15 20. Fig. 2.1 shows an object M on a slope. 3.6ms Fig. 2.1 M moves up the slope, comes to rest at point Q and then moves back down the slope to point R. M has a constant acceleration of 3.0ms~ down the slope at all times. At time t= 0, Mis at point P and has a velocity of 3.6ms~" up the slope. The total distance from P to Q and then to R is 6.0m. (a) Calculate, for the motion of M from P to Q, (i) the time taken, time = (ii) the distance travelled. distance = mf] (b) Show that the speed of M at R is 4.8ms1 MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 96P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (c)_On Fig. 2.2, draw the variation with time tof the velocity v of M for the motion P to Q to R. 6.0 4.0) vims“! 20) Fig. 2.2 3) (a) The mass of Mis 450g Calculate the difference in the kinetic energy of M at P and at R difference in kinetic energy = seuss sie J 2] Q3/P23/0/NI15 21 Asteel ball falls from a platform on a tower to the ground below, as shown in Fig. 3.1 platform—__ (a) Assume air resistance is negligible. () Calculate 1. the time taken for the ball to fall to the time taken = [2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 97P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS 2. the maximum kinetic energy of the ball maximum kinetic energy J [2] i) State and explain the variation of the velocity of the ball with time as the ball falls to the ground. [1] (iil) Show that the velocity of the ball on reaching the ground is approximately 60m s~* (1) (b) In practice, air resistance is not negligible, The variation of the air resistance A with the velocity v of the balll is shown in Fig. 3.2 40 3.0) 2.0 1.0 ()_ Use Fig. 3.2 to state and explain qualitatively the variation df th with the distance fallen by the ball Pactlgaton al r [3] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 98P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (ii) The speed of the ball reaches 40ms~. Caloulate its acceleration at this speed. acceleration = ms? [2] (iii) Use information from (a)(ili) and Fig. 3.2 to state and explain whether the ball reaches terminal velocity. [2] QS/P23/0/NI15 22 (a) The J-Vcharacteristic of a semiconductor diode is shown in Fig. 5.1 14.0 12.0 10.0 Tima 8.0 60 40 2.0 O 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 Fig. 5.1 a, (Use Fig, 5.1 to explain the variation of the resistance’t thediode-as-V increases from zero to 0.8V. \ 4 \ MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 99P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Use Fig. 5.1 to determine the resistance of the diode for a current of 4.4mA. resistance = . seo 2 [2] (b) Acellof e.m4.1.2V and negligible internal resistance is connected in series to a semiconductor diode and a resistor R,, as shown in Fig, 5.2. tev 7.6mA | > ~ Ro 3752 Fig. 5.2 A resistor R, of resistance 375 is connected across the cell The diode has the characteristic shown in Fig. 5.1. The current supplied by the cell is 7.6mA. Calculate (i) the current in Rp, current = Alt] the resistance of R,, resistance = MS Books (O/A Ler Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 100P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS the ratio power dissipated in the diode power dissipated in R ratio = (2) Q1/P22/MIJI16 23 (a) Define acceleration, enessnnne os enessnnne os snes ne sense {1 (b) A man travels on a toboggan down a slope covered with snow from point A to point B and then to point C. The path is illustrated in Fig. 1.1. man toboggan, at rest horizontal ‘horizontal 20° Fig. 1.1 (not to scale) ‘The slope AB makes an angle of 40° with the horizontal Pat the Slope makes an angle of 20° with the horizontal. Friction is not negligible. \ \ ‘The man and toboggan have a combined mass of 95kg. The man starts from rest at A and has cons| takes 19s to reach B. His speed is 36ms~ (i) Caloulate the acceleration from A to B. \ ) acceleration = .. ms? [2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507)P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (il) Show that the distance moved from A to B is 340m. 1) (ili) For the man and toboggan moving from A to B, calculate 1. the change in kinetic energy, change in kinetic energy = .. J (2) 2. the change in potential energy. change in potential energy = .. J (2) (W¥) Use your answers in (lll) to determine the average frictional force that acts on the toboggan between A and B. so gensine N [2] frictional force = a. fAStant deceleration () Aparachute opens on the toboggan as it passes pointB. of 8.0ms~ from B to C. Calculate the frictional force that produces frictional force = N(2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 102P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Q3/P23/MiJ/16 24 (a) Explain what is meant by gravitational potential energy and by kinetic energy. gravitational potential energy: kinetic energy: [2] (b) A motion sensor is used to measure the velocity of a ball falling vertically towards the ground, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. |-motion sensor ground Fig. 3.1 The ball passes through points A and B as it falls. The ball has a mass of 1.5kg. The variation with time tof the velocity v of the ball as it falls from A to B is shown in Fig. 3.2 8.0 7.0 6.0 vims* 5.0 40 30: 0.40 0.60 ball at position A Fig. 3.2 ball at position B MS Books (O/A Ler Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 103P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Use Fig. 3.2 to calculate, for the ball falling from A to B, (i) the displacement, displacement = m3] (il) the acceleration, acceleration = ... . Ms [2] (iii) the change in kinetic energy. change in kinetic energy (3) (c) Show that the work done by the gravitational field on the ball in (b) as it moves from A to B is equal to the change in kinetic energy. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 104P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Q2/P22/0/NI16 25 Aball of mass 0.030kg moves along a curved track, as shown in Fig. 2.1 ball mass 0.030kg speed ~o 1.3ms7 *\, 0.31m Fig. 2.1 The speed of the ball is 1.3ms~' when itis at point A at a height of 0.31m The ball moves down the track and collides with a vertical wall at point B, The ball then rebounds back up the track. It may be assumed that frictional forces are negligible. (a) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the ball in moving from point A to point B. change in gravitational potential energy = J[2) (b) Show that the ball hits the wall at B with a speed of 2.8ms~1. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 105P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS {c) The change in momentum of the ball due to the collision with the wall is 0.096kgms~". The ball is in contact with the wall for a time of 20ms. Determine, for the ball colliding with the wall, the speed immediately after the collision, speed the magnitude of the average force on the ball ms" [2] force = Ni2] {d)_ State and explain whether the collision is elastic or inelastic. {e) In practice, frictional effects are significant so that the actual increase in kinetic energy of the balll in moving from A to B is 76m4J. The length of the track between A and B is 0.60m. Use your answer in (a) to determine the average frictional force acting on the ball as it moves from Ato B frictional force Q2ip21/MisI17 26 (a) State the two conditions for a system to be in 1. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 106P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (b) Aparaglider P of mass 95kg is pulled by a wire attached to a boat, as shown in Fig. 2.1 parachute paraglider boat horizontal water Fig. 2.1 The wire makes an angle of 25° with the horizontal water surface. P moves in a straight line parallel to the surface of the water. The variation with time tof the velocity v of P is shown in Fig. 2.2. 10.0 MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 107P2-TOPIC #3 (ii) (iii) Oy) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: KINEMATICS Calculate the total distance moved by P from time t= 0 to 7.08. distance = Calculate the change in kinetic energy of P from time t= 0 to t= 7.08. change in kinetic energy The tension in the wire at time t= 5.05 is 280N. Calculate, for the horizontal motion, 1. the vertical lift force F supporting P, Fe 2. the force A due to air resistance acting on P in the horizontal direction, QUESTIONS m [2] ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507)P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS Q2IP21/01NII7 27 The variation with time tof the velocity v of two cars P and Q is shown in Fig. 2.1 carQ 30. vims* 20 10 tis Fig. 2.1 The cars travel in the same direction along a straight road. Car P passes car Q at time f= 0. {a)_ The speed limit for cars on the road is 100kmh-*, State and explain whether car Q exceeds the speed limit. {b) Calculate the acceleration of car P. acceleration = {c) Determine the distance between the two cars at time distance = ip: m{[3] MS Books (O/A Ler Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 409P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS 12s. (d) From time t= 12s, the velocity of each car remains constant at its value at Determine the time tat which car Q passes car P. [2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 110P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS caxzanwte 28 Achild on a sledge slides down a steep hill and then travels in a straight line up an ice-covered slope, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1 ice-covered slope child and sledge total mass 70kg Fig. 3.1 (not to scale) The sledge passes point A with speed 18ms~ at time t= 0 and then comes to rest at point B. The child applies a brake to the sledge at point B. The brake does not keep the sledge stationary and it immediately slides back down the slope towards A. The variation with time tof the velocity v of the sledge from t= 0 to t= 24s is shown in Fig. 3.2. 20 vims* 10 Fig. 3.2 {a) State the time taken for the sledge to travel from A to B. MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 411P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS {b) Determine the displacement of the sledge up the slope from point A at time t= 24's displacement = on [3] {c) Show that the acceleration of the sledge as it moves from B back towards Ais 0.50ms~. (2) {d) The child and sledge have a total mass of 70kg. The component of the total weight of the child and sledge that acts down the slope is BON. Determine (i) the frictional force on the sledge as it moves from B towards A, frietional force = 4 Nel x FR )) the angle @ of the slope to the horizontal. ~ )\ MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 412P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS {e) The child on the sledge blows a whistle between t= 4,0s and f=8.0s, The whistle emits sound of frequency 900 Hz. The speed of the sound in the air is 340ms~*. Aman standing at point A hears the sound. Use Fig. 3.2 to (i) determine the initial frequency of the sound heard by the man, initial frequency = Hz [2] (ii) describe and explain qualitatively the variation, if any, in the frequency of the sound heard by the man. [1] [Total: 13] arzzions 29. Agolfer strikes a ball so that it leaves horizontal ground with a velocity of 6.0ms~ at an angle @to the horizontal, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.1 (not to scale) The magnitude of the initial vertical component v, of the velocfty\is 4. as ‘Assume that air resistance is negligible. \ a MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 113P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (b) The ball leaves the ground at time t= 0 and reaches its maximum height at t= 0.498. On Fig. 1.2, sketch separate lines to show the variation with time f, until the ball returns to the ground, of (i) the vertical component vy of the velocity (label this line Y), 2) (ii) the horizontal component vy of the velocity (label this line X). 2 5.0 4.0 velocity/ms-* 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 offto.rHto.2tto ato «tto.stto.etto 7 ttoettoottt ts Fig. 1.2 (©) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 114P2-TOPIC #3 KINEMATICS QUESTIONS (d) For the movement of the ball from the ground to its maximum height, determine the ratio kinetic energy at maximum height ‘change in gravitational potential energy ratio = [4] (e) In practice, significant air resistance acts on the ball. Explain why the actual time taken for the ball to reach maximum height is less than the time calculated when air resistance is assumed to be negligible. sens snue seveseeeft] [Total: 12] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Pap: ) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 115P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS MARK SCHEME. Q2/P22/M/5I10 1 (a) e.g. initial speed is zero constant acceleration straight line motion (any two, one mark each) B22] (b) (i) s=%at® 0.79=%* 9.8 xt? ct £50.40 § allow 1 SF of greater ....scceccsssesssseennsseeesneeeenneneese At 2 or 3 SF answer At ie) distance travelled by end of time interval = 90 cm ct 0.90 = % x 9.8 x t? £=0.43 s allow 2 SF or greater C1 time interval = 0.03 s At 3] {c) (air resistance) means ball’s speed/acceleration iS 1085. .....cesseeeeeceneee MA length of image is shorter At 2 Q3/P23/MiJ/10 2° (a) evidence of use of area below the line Bt distance = 39 m (allow £0.5m) A2 3] (if > £0.5m but $ 1.0m, then allow 1 mark) (b) (i) 1 Ex = %mv? C1 A Eq = % * 92 * (6° 3%) =1240d At 2 2 E_=mgh ct AEp=92%9.8%13 1704 At 2] ct At 2] {c) (i) energy = (1240 + 600) - 1170 M1 = 670d A0 ol (li) force = 670/39 = 17N a tt) (d) frictional forces include air resistance Bt air resistance decreases with decrease of speed Bt 2 Q4/P23/0/N/10 3 (a) acceptable straight line drawn (touching every point) {b) the distance fallen is not d dis the distance fallen plus the diameter of the ball (dis not measured to the bottom of the ball’ scores 2/2) diameter: allow 1.5 + 0.50m (accept one SF) no ecf from (a) 76, + 0.1 with evidence that of (1) (2) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 116P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS MARK SCHEME. Q2P22/M/S/11 (Major) 4 (a) (i) base units of D: force: kgms~ Bt radius: m velocity: ms~* Bt base units of D: [F/ (R x y] kgms® / (mx ms”) M1 = kgmr'st AO [3] (i) 4. F=6n xD x Rx v= [6x x 6.6 x 104% 1.5 x 10° « 3.7] 9x10°N At [1] 2. mg-F=ma hence a= g—[F/ m] x V= px 4I3 x R°= (1.4 * 10) c1 81 =[6.9 x 10°] / px 4/3 xx (1.5 x 105)? (981-488) Mt 9(3) ms® AL [3] (b) (i) a=gattimet=0 Bt a decreases (as time increases) Bt a goes to zero B1 [3] (ii) Correct shape below original line Mi sketch goes to terminal velocity earlier AL [2] Q3/P23/Mis/11 5 (a) weight= mx g 30.5 x 9.81 = 1280 N At [fl (b) (i) F=ma T— 1280 = 130.5 x 0.57 1 T= 1280 + 74.4 = 1350 N At 2 i) 1280 N AL ft] (c) 1240 - 1280 ct a At 2] (@) () 1. 35s At [f] 2 65s At [ft] basic shape Mi correct points AL 2 Qt/P22/0/N/11 6 (a) average velocity c1 AL 2 {b) velocity zero at time t= 0 Bt positive value and horizontal line for time t= 5 s to 35s BI line / curve through v=0 at f= 455 to negative velocity Bt negative horizontal line from 53 s with magnitude less horizontal line to time = 100s 81 [4] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 117P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS MARK SCHEME. Q2/P23/0/NI11 7 (1. constant velocity / speed Bt It] 2 either constant / uniform decrease (in velocity/speed) or constant rate of decrease (in velocity/speed) 81 [1] (b) (i) distance is area under graph for both stages ct stage 1: distance (18 * 0.65) = 11.7 (m) stage 2: distance = (9 x [3.5 ~ 0.65]) = 25.7 (m) total distance = 37.(4)m At [2] (1 for misreading graph) {for stage 2, allow calculation of acceleration (6.32ms*) and then 18 x 2.85) + Ye x 6.32 (2.85) = 25.7m} (ii) either F= ma or Ex= ym? ct 18 — 0)/(3.5 — 0.65) x= Ye * 1250 x (18)? ct F = 1250 x 6.3 =7900 N or F = % x 1250 x (18f / 25.7 = 7900N At 3] or initial momentum = 1250 x 18 (ct) F = change in momentum / time taken (C1) F = (1250 x 18) / 2.85 = 7900 (At) {c) (i) stage 1: either half / less distance as speed is half / less or half distance as the time is the same or sensible discussion of reaction time BI It] stage 2: either same acceleration and s=7/2a or is % BI ‘of the distance B1 [2] Q2/P22IM/II12 a w+ 2as 8.4 +2*x9.81%5 c1 12.99 ms“ (allow 13 to 2 s.f. but not 12.9) Al (2) t=(v-u)/a or s=ut+ Yat® = (12.99 — 8.4) /9.81 or 5 = 8.4 + %« 9.810" M1 t= 0.468s AO ff] {b) reasonable shape M1 suitable scale At correctly plotted 1 and last points at (0,8.4) and (0.88 - 0.96,0) with non-vertical line at 0.475 At 3) 1. kinetic energy at end is zero so AKE = % mv’ or AKE = % mu? —%emv* C1 = x 0.05 x (8.4) =(-) 1.8) aden 2] 2, final maximum height = (4.2)?/ (2 * 9.8) = (0.9 (m)) change in PE = mgho - mght 0.05 x 9.8 x (0.9 -5) (-) 2.05 BI i) change is — 3.8 (J) thermal energy in ball Q2/P23/M//12 9 (a) weight = 452 9.81 ‘component down the slope = 452 « 9.81 x sin 12 = 1072.7 = 1070N (b) (i) F= ma T- (1070 + 525) = 452 x 0.13, T= 1650 (1653.76)N_ any forces missing 1/3 (2) MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 118P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS MARK SCHEME. +x 0.13 C1 2.4 of 128 Al [2] = ut + Yrat’ hence 10 [(2 « 10) /0.13]"? 2. v=(0+2%0.13 x 10)"*= 1.61 or 1.6ms* A tt] (6) straight line from the origin B1 line down to zero velocity in short time compared to stage 1 B1 line less steep negative gradient B1 final velocity larger than final velocity in the first part — at least 2* B1 [4] Q4/P22/0/NI12 (major) 10 (a) units for D identified as kgms* M1 all other units shown: units for A:m? units for 7m? s~ units for p: kgm c= __19S with cancelling /simplification to give C no units M 2 kgm m?m?s (b) (i) straight line from (0,0) to (1,9.8) + half a square Bt [1] % mv = mgh or using ¥ = 2as c1 v= (2% 9.81 x 1000) = 140ms" AL [2] (6) (i) weight = drag (D) ( + upthrust) B81 [1] Allow mg or W for weight and D or expression for D for drag 4. mg=1.4 x10 x 9.81 ca 41.4. 10% x 9.81 =0.5%0.6%12% 7.1% 10% xv M1 v=7.33ms" AO [2] 2. ine from (0,0) correct curvature to a horizontal line at velocity of 7ms* M1 line reaches 7ms"' between 1.5s and 3.5s AL [2] Q1P23/01NN12 11 (a) spacing = 380 or 3.8 x 10?pm B81 [1] 4 x 3600 086 (0.0864) Ms BI [1] (c) time = distance / speed = 1 <1" C1 3 «10! = 500(s) = 8.3min At 2] (d)_ momentum and weight BI [1] (e) (i) arrow to the right of plane direction (about 4° to 24°) BI [1] (ii) scale diagram drawn or use of cosine formula V = 250° + 36” — 2 x 250 x 36 x co6 4! or resolving v = [(36 cos45°)’ + (250 - 36sin45°)]"? C1 resultant velocity = 226 (220 ~ 240 for scale diagram allow one mark for values 210 to 219 or 241 to 250ms or use of formula (7 = 51068) v= 230 (226)ms~ Q2/P23/0/NI12 accelerations (A to B and B to C) are opy or both accelerations are toward B (Ato B and B to C) the component of the weight dovin the slope provides oS ~ the acceleration )) “B81 B3} acceleration = gsin15° c1 s=0+%at® s=0.26/sin15°=1.0 c1 2 -10%2 20.895 A [3] 9.8 x sini5° MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 119P2-ToPIC #3 KINEMATICS MARK SCHEME. (ili) v= 0+ gsin15f or v = 0 + 2gsin15 x 1.0 c1 v=2.26ms AL 2] (using loss of GPE = gain KE can score full marks) (b) loss of GPE at A = gain in GPE at C or loss of KE at B = gain in GPE at C B1 hy =0.26m or’ 4mv=mgh hp = 0.5 * (2.26)'/ 9.81 = 0.26m x= 0,26 / sin 30° = 052m A 2 Q2/P23/MiN/13 13 (a) (i) 1. distance of path / along line AB B81 [1] 2. shortest distance between AB / distance in straight line between AB or displacement from A to B B81 [1] (li) acceleration = rate of change of velocity AL [i] {b) (i) distance = area under line or (vi2)t or 8)? 1 (2 x 9.81) ct = 8.8 / 2 x 0.90 = 3.96m or s = 3.95m = 4(.0)m Al [2] (ii) acceleration = (- 4.4 ~ 8.8) / 0.50 c1 (-) 26(.4)ms* Al [2] {c) (i) the accelerations are constant as straight lines Bt the accelerations are the same as same gradient or no air resistance as acceleration is constant or change of speed in opposite directions (one speeds up one slows down) B12] area under the lines represents height or KE at trampoline equals PE at maximum height B1 second area is smaller / velocity after rebound smaller hence KE less B1 hence less height means loss in potential energy AO [2] Q3/P23/0/N/13 14 (a) (i) velocity = rate of change of displacement OR displacement change / time (taken) At [i] (li) acceleration = rate of change of velocity OR change in velocity / time (taken) AL ff] {b) (i) initial constant velocity as straight line / gradient constant B1 middle section deceleration’ speed / velocity decreases / slowing down as gradient decreases Bt last section lower velocity (than at start) as gradient (constant and) smaller B1——[3] {special case: all three stages correct descriptions but no reasons 1/3] velocity = 45 / 1.5 = 30 ms™ At [i] velocity at 4.08 is (122 - 98) /2.0 = 12 (ms") (allow 12 to 81 acceleration = (12-30) / 2.5 = -7.2 ms™ (if answer not thié valu then comment needed to explain why, e.g. difficulty in drawit (iv) F=ma (-)1500 x 7.2 = (-)11000 (10800) N aap2tioiniia 15 (a) (i) acceleration fa (2) (v=) tor (12- 0.5) 14 = (12-0.5)/4 =2.9(2 x = (u+yitl2 [(12 +0.) x 4]/2 25m (i )_line with increasing gradient non-zero gradient at origin 2) (b) (i) weight down slope = 2x 9.81xsin 25° = 8.29/83 M1 [1] (F = ma) 83 - Fe=2x29 C1 Fr = 2.5 (2.3 if 3 used for a) N AL 2] MS Books (O/A Level Notes & Past Papers) (042-35774780, 0333-4548651, 0333-4504507) 120