SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies

Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Unit IV
Multiple Integrals (session 1 to session 10)
Overview:
In this unit, we will learn to effectively evaluate double integrals and triple integrals. We
will learn to apply double integrals to find the area. Further, we will use triple integrals
to find volume.
Outcome:
After completion of this unit, students would be able to:
1. employ appropriate mathematical techniques in evaluating Multiple Integrals.
2. apply various techniques of Multiple Integration in solving engineering problems.

Detailed Syllabus:

1.1 Double integrals (Cartesian)

1.2 Change of order of integration in double integrals

1.3 Change of variables (Cartesian to polar), Jacobian

1.4 Application of Double Integral to find area.

1.5 Triple Integral, Change of variable to spherical and cylindrical co-ordinates
1.6 Application of Triple Integral to find volume

Evaluation of Double Integration

Double integral over a region R may be evaluated by two successive integration. Double

by the curves
=
 ,
=
 
=
 ,
=

integral depend upon the nature of the curves bounding the region R. Let, R is bounded

i.e. ∫ ∫  , .  = ∫  ∫   , . 

 
 
The order of integration is depend on the nature of limit in the region R.

If R is the region bounded by the curves
 = 

,
 = 
 and two straight lines
Case-I

 =  ,
 =  . Then,

  
∫   ,  .  =    ,  
   

In this integral we first integrate the function 
,

w.r.t. x keeping y constant from
1
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering


  
 and the resulting function of y from    .

If R is the region bounded by the curves

 = 
,
 = 
 and two straight lines
Case-II

 =  ,
 =  . Then,
  
∫   ,  .  =    ,  
   

In this integral we first integrate the function 
,

w.r.t. y keeping x constant from

  
 and the resulting function of x from    .

If R is the region bounded by the straight lines
 =  ,
 =  and

 =  ,
 =  .
Case-III
Then,

   
∫   ,  .  =    ,   =    ,  
    

In this integration the order of integration is immaterial, provided the limits of the
integration are changed accordingly.

Change of order of integration

As discussed in the case-I and case-II of evaluation of double integration there is a
specified order to integrate double integral. Some time it is difficult to integrate them

integration. The process of changing the double integral ∫ ∫ 

in to ∫ ∫ 

or
directly. In such case it may be convenient to integrate by changing the order of

vice-versa is called the change of order of integration.

Working Rule:

When it is required to change the order of integration in an integral for which limit are
given, we first find out the region R of integration from the limits. When region R of
integration is known, we next assign limits of integration in the reverse order from

Suppose we want to change ∫! ∫!  ,  to∫! ∫!∅  , .

   ∅
geometric considerations. Now,
    
    
First we see that the region bounded by the curves
= ,
= ,
= 
 and 
 we
draw the rough sketch and find the region R which is called the region of integration

Next we find the limit of
in term of

and limit of
in term of constant. For this, we
and bounded by the given limits of integration.

1. For the limit of
in term of

, we draw the strip parallel to # axis. Such as the
select the region such as all given curve bounded by strip.

strip cover the minimum and maximum limit of

.
2. Next we find the limits of
in term of constant.

Similarly,
2
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

We change order of integration∫! ∫!  ,  to∫! ∫!∅  , 

 
      ∅
    

Change of Co-ordinate system:

Double integration in polar co-ordinates

Let $ be the domain in

plane and let
,
be the rectangular Cartesian coordinates of
any point P in D. let %, & be new variables in the domain $∗ such that
,
and %, & are

 = ( ), *,  = + ), *
connected through the continuous functions
---(1)

Then %, & are said to be curvilinear coordinates of point ,∗ in $∗ which uniquely

corresponds to , in $. Solving (1) for %  &, we get
) = (∗ , , * = +∗ ,  ---(2)

double integral in the new variables %, & as follows:

Then a given double integral in the given (old) variables x,y can be transformed to a

∫ ∫-  ,  .  = ∫ ∫-∗ . ), * |0|). * ---(3)

Here, 
,
 = {
2,3 ,
2,3 = 4 %, & and 5 is the Jacobian (functional determinant)
defined as

8 8
,  8 , 
0 = 06 7= = 98) 8*9
), * 8 ), * 8 8
8) 8*
(3) is known as formula for transformation of coordinates in double integral.

For a double integral in Cartesian coordinates ,  the change of variables to polar

coordinates : , ; can be done through the transformation  = :<=>;,  = :>?@;.

Therefore,

∫   ,  .  = ∫   :<=>;, :>?@; .  =  . :, ; : :. ;

- -∗ ; :

where, . :, ; =  :<=>;, :>?@; =  , and the Jacobian in thiscase is r.

Applications of double integrals:

1. If f ( x, y ) = 1 , then the area A of the region R is given by  dxdy .

R

3
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

x =b y = f 2 ( x ) y =d x = f2 ( y )

a) Cartesian coordinates : A =  
x = a y = f1 ( x )
dxdy or A =  
y = c x = f1 ( y )
dxdy

θ =α 2 r = f 2 (θ )
b) Polar coordinates: A =  
θ =α1 r = f1 (θ )
rdrdθ .

2. If z = f ( x, y ) is a surface, then the volume of the region beneath the surface

z = f ( x, y ) and above the xy -plane is given by V =  z dxdy or V =  f ( x, y ) dxdy .
R R

3. Let f ( x, y ) = ρ ( x, y ) be a density function (mass per unit area) of a distribution of

mass in the xy - plane, then the total mass of R is given by M =  f ( x, y ) dxdy .
R

1
4. Let f ( x, y ) = ρ ( x, y ) be a density function. Then x =
M  x f ( x, y ) dxdy ,
R

1
y=
M  yf ( x, y ) dxdy
R
give the coordinates of the centre of gravity ( x ,y ) of mass M in

R.

Triple Integral:

The concept of double integral of a function f ( x, y ) over a given region in xy -plane can
be extended a step further to define triple integral.

Consider a function f ( x, y, z ) defined over a finite region V of three dimensional space.

Let the region be sub divided into n sub intervals δ V1 , δ V2 ,....., δ Vn . Let P ( xr , yr , zr ) be a
n
point in the r th sub interval. We now form the sum  f ( xr , y r , z r ) .
r =1

The limit of the above when it exists, as n tends to infinity and the volume of each sub
region tends to zero is called triple integral of f ( x, y, z ) over the region V and is denoted
by  f ( x, y, z )dV .
V

n
Thus  f ( x, y, z )dV = lim f ( xr , y r , z r )δ Vr
V n →∞ r =1
δ V →0

Evaluation of Triple Integral:

4
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

The triple integral can be evaluated by successive single integrals as follows,

x =b y =Φ 2 ( x ) z = f 2 ( x , y )

  
x = a y =Φ1 ( x ) z = f1 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z ) dxdydz Where the integration with respect to z is performed first

by treating x and y constant. Then the integration with respect to y is performed

treating x constant and finally the integration with respect to x is performed.

Spherical coordinates:

x = r sin θ cos φ , y = r sin θ sin φ , z = r cos θ

dxdydz = r 2 sin θ drdθ dφ

Cylindrical coordinates:

x = r cos θ , y = r sin θ , z = z

dxdydz = rdrdθ dz

Application of triple integrals:

To express the volume of a solid as a triple integral, we note that the volume of a n
elementary solid is dxdydz , and so the volume of the solid is given by

volume =  dxdydz

If f ( x, y, z ) = 1 , then the volume V of the region T is given by  dxdydz

T

1. Evaluate ∫C ∫


+


.
Session 1
B 
Ans: 24

EG
2. Evaluate ∫C ∫C D F

. Ans:D  − 1
 FH

3.Evaluate∫C ∫C
  KFKE NH
L MFH  ME H  O
.Ans:

Session 2
1. Evaluate ∫C ∫C .
Q √B √Q H PF H FKEKF NQ
EH PFH PQH O
Ans: .

2. Evaluate ∫C ∫ UVW X S B S T .
N O UVW X OY N

Ans:

5
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering


∫C ∫C r sin θ S T . Ans:
N _`U X
B
3. Evaluate

1.Evaluate   ( x 2 + y 2 )dxdy , R being the region bounded by

=
 ,
= 2 and
= 1.
Session 3

1006
Ans.
105

2. Change the order of integration ∫ ∫B 
,



Ans: ∫B ∫ 
,


 O O 

3. Change the order of integration and Evaluate∫C ∫EH ⁄b
.

B LCMEH

Ans: 1/2 + 5 sinM f g

B
√C

Session 4

1. Change to polar coordinates and evaluate ∫C ∫√OFMF H

O √hMF H KEKF
LhMF H ME H
. Ans : 4

2. Change to polar coordinates and evaluate ∫C ∫E

. Ans:
Q Q FH
log 1 + √2
Qi
L F H PE H  B

Practice Problems:
1.Change the order of integration ∫M ∫C 
,


Ans: ∫C ∫MLMEH 
,


 √MF H  LMEH

Qm
2. Change to polar coordinates and evaluate ∫C ∫E
L
 +
 

. Ans:
Q √QH MFH
O

6
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

1. Find by double integration, the area bounded by the parabolas

 = 4 −
and
 =
Session 5

4 − 4
. Ans: 8 sq. units.

2.Find the area bounded by

 = 4 − 2
,
≥ 0,
≥ 0Ans:8G3 sq.units.

3. Using double integration, find the volume bounded by the cylinder
 +

 = 4 and
the planes
+ s = 4 and s = 0 . Ans: 16u cubic units.

+ + =1.
FH EH wH
QH vH xH
4. Using double integration, find the volume of the ellipsoid

uy cubic units.

O
B
Ans:

Practice Problems:

cylinder
 +
 = 1 and the planes
+ s = 1 and s = 0 . Ans: u cubic units.
1. Using double integration, find the volume of the solid which is bounded by the

Session 6
log 2 x x + y
5
e
x+ y+ z
1. Evaluate dxdydz . Ans:
0 0 0 8

1 1− x 2 1− x 2 − y 2
dxdydz π2
2. Evaluate    . Ans:
0 0 0 1 − x2 − y 2 − z 2 8

dxdydz
3. Evaluate  3
where V is the volume bounded by the planes
V (1 + x + y + z )
1 5
x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 and x + y + z = 1 . Ans:  log 2 − 
2 8

Session 7
lmn
1. Prove that  x l −1 y m−1 z n −1dxdydz = throughout the volume of the tetrahedron
V 1+ l + m + n
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0 and x + y + z ≤ 1 .

7
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Practice Problems:
1 2 3
1. Evaluate    dxdydz . Ans: 48
−1 −2 −3

log 2 x x + log y
8 19
2. Evaluate  
0 0 0
e x+ y + z dxdydz . Ans: log 2 −
3 9

Session 8
dxdydz
1. Evaluate  over the volume of the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = a 2 .Ans: 4π a
x + y2 + z2
2

 x2 y2 z 2  x2 y2 z 2
2. Evaluate  1 −  2 + 2 + 2 dxdydz over volume of the ellipsoid 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 .
a b c  a b c

π2
Ans: abc
4

3. Evaluate  x 2 + y 2 dxdydz where V is the volume bounded by x 2 + y 2 = z 2 , z > 0 and

V

π
z = 0, z = 1 . Ans:
2

 z dxdydz over the volume common to sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = a 2 and cylinder

2
4. Evaluate
x 2 + y 2 = ax .

Practice Problem:
1. Evaluate  xyz ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) dxdydz over the first octant of the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = a 2 .
a8
Ans:
64
Session 9
1.Find by triple integration the volume bounded by and the planes

Ans: .

2. Find the volume bounded by and the cylinder .

Ans :

8
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

3. Find the volume of a sphere of radius . Ans :

4. Find the volume in the first octant bounded by the cylinder and the

planes , , and Ans :

Practice Problem:

1. Find the volume bounded by , and the planes to . Ans:

2. Find the volume bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane .

Ans :

3.Find the volume of rectangular parallelepiped bounded by the set of inequalities

1 ≤ x ≤ 3,3 ≤ y ≤ 6, 2 ≤ z ≤ 5 . Ans: 18

Session 10
1. Find the volume common to the right circular cylinders and

. Ans: .
2. Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes , ,

and . Ans: cubic units

3. Find the volume enclosed by the solid .

Ans:

Practice Problem:

1. Find the volume of the sphere . Ans:

2. Find the volume of the solid enclosed between the surfaces x 2 + y 2 = a 2 and

9
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

16a 3
x 2 + z 2 = a 2 .Ans: cubic units
3

3. Find the volume bounded by the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = 4 and the planes y + z = 3 and
z = 0 Ans: 12π

4. Find the volume bounded by
 +

 = s and the cylinder
 +
 =  .

Ans :u G2
B

2.1
References:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th Edition, Erwin Kreyszig, Wiley India, 2017
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 20th Edition, H. K. Dass, S. Chand & Company Ltd,
2012

10