IT101 – 8 – Week 2 Notes

Computers

- A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory.

Data and Information

- A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer or
mobile device.
- A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a small symbol on a screen,
called a pointer.
- Some mobile devices and computers enable you to speak data instructions using voice input
and to capture live full-motion images using video input. (Microphone/Webcam)
- A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts printed text and images into a form
the computer can process.
- An output device is any hardware component that conveys information from a computer or
mobile device to one or more people.
- A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium, such as
paper or other material.
o A 3-D Printer can print solid objects, such as clothing, prosthetics, eyewear,
implants, toys, parts, prototypes, and more.
- A display is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information.
- Speakers allow you to hear audio such as music, voice, and other sounds.
o Earbuds
o Headphones
o Soundbar
- Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed
and the data needed by those instructions.
- A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on storage media.
o ROM = Read Only Memory
o RAM = Random Access Memory
- A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media.
o Hard Disk
o Solid-State Drive
o USB Flash Drive
o Memory Card
o Optical Disc
o Cloud Storage
The Web

- The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that connects millions of

businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individual.
o The largest computer network, connecting millions of computers and devices
around the world.
- The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a global library of information available to
anyone connected to the internet.
- The web consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents, each of which is called
a webpage.
- A webpage can display text, graphics, audio, and video on a computer or mobile device.
o Pointing to a link on the screen typically changes the shape of the pointer to a small
hand with a pointing index finger.
- A website is a collection of related webpages.
- A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile
device.
- A browser (web browser) is a software that enables users with an Internet connection to
access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device.
o Chrome
o Firefox
o Yahoo
o Opera
- A search engine is a software that finds websites, webpages, images, videos, news, maps,
and other information related to a selected topic.
- An Online social network, also called a social networking site, is a website that encourages
members in its online community to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and
videos with other registered users.
o Facebook, Instagram, etc.

Digital Safety and Security

- It is important that users protect their computers and mobile devices

o Viruses and Other Malware
o Privacy
o Health Concerns
o Environmental Issues
- Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste
generated when using a computer.
o Strategies include
 Recycling
 Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features
 Regulating manufacturing processes
 Extending the life of computers
 Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
Programs and Apps

- Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
o System Software
 Operating Systems
 Android
 iOS
 macOS
 Windows
 Tools
o Application Software
- Installing a program is the process of setting up the program to work with a computer or
mobile device, printer, and/or other hardware
- Once installed, you can run a program so that you can interact with it.
- You interact with a program through its user interface.
- A software developer, sometimes called a developer or programmer, is someone who
develops programs and apps or writes the instruction that directs the computer or mobile
device to process data into information.

Communications and Networks

- In the course of a day, it is likely you use, or use information generated by, one or more of
these communications technologies.
o Chat rooms
o Email
o Fax
o FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
o GPS (Global Positioning System)
o Instant Messaging
o Internet
o Newsgroups
o RSS
o Video Conference
o Voicemail
o VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
- A communications device is hardware capable of transferring items from computers and
devices to transmission media and vice versa.
o Modems, wireless access, and routers
- Examples of wireless communication technologies include:
o Wi-Fi
o Bluetooth
 o Cellular radio
- A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media
o Home Networks
 Connects to the Internet
 Share a single high-speed Internet connection
 Access photos, music, videos, and other content
 Share devices
 Play multiplayer games
 Connect game consoles to the Internet
 Subscribe to and use VoIP
 Interact with other devices in a smart home
o Business Networks
 Facilitate communications
 Share hardware
 Share data, information, and software

Technology Uses

- Education
- Government
- Finance
- Retail
- Entertainment
- Health Care
- Science
- Travel
- Publishing
- Manufacturing

Technology Users

- Home User
- Small/Home Office User
- Mobile User
- Power User
- Enterprise Use

At the end of this Module

- Basic computer concepts

- Various methods for input, output, memory, and storage
- The Internet
- Digital security and safety risks and precautions
- Uses of technology applications in society
Lesson 1 Part 1 – Notes

Objectives Overview
Today’s Technology

- Because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate.
 - Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers,
mobile devices, the web, and related technologies

Computers

- A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory.
-

Produces
Accepts
Processing Information
Data (Input)
(Output)
Examples of Computers

- Laptops
o A laptop is a widely used type of computer
- Tablet
- Netbook
- Desktop and All-in-one
o Some desktops have a separate tower; all-in-ones do not
- Server
o A server provides services to other computers or devices on a network
o Suitable to store information for those applications that offer services

Mobile and Game Devices

 - Smartphone
- Digital Camera
- Portable and digital media player
- E-book reader
- Wearable device
- Game device

Data and Information