FLUID MACHINERIES

ENGR. PETER CLYDE B. LAMADRID,M.E.

S.Y. 2022-23, 1ST SEMESTER
 KAPLAN TURBINE

The Kaplan turbine is an axial flow propeller

water turbine with the runner resembling the
propeller of a ship. The blades of its runner are
of adjustable type to give maximum efficiency. If
the runner blades are fixed to the ‘boss’ or ‘hub’,
the vanes are fixed on the hub and hence hub
acts as a runner for axial flow reaction turbine.
 KAPLAN TURBINE

THE MAIN PARTS OF A KAPLAN TURBINE:

✓ SCROLL/SPIRAL CASING
✓ GUIDE VANES MECHANISM
✓ HUB WITH VANES OR RUNNER OF THE
TURBINE
✓ DRAFT TUBE
2
 KAPLAN TURBINE
WORKING PRINCIPLES OF KAPLAN TURBINE:
➢ The water from the penstock enters into the runner through the spiral casing and guide vanes.
➢ The water stream glides over the runner blades transferring the energy to the runner which in turn causes
its rotation
➢ A whirl chamber is provided between the guide vanes and the runner to transform the flow from radial to
axial.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0p03UTgpnDU
 KAPLAN TURBINE
SOME IMPORTANT POINT FOR KAPLAN
TURBINE:
1. The peripheral velocity at inlet and outlet are
equal
𝑽𝒑𝟏 = 𝑽𝒑𝟐 = 𝑽𝒑 = 𝝅𝑫𝒐 𝑵
𝐷𝑜 = outer dia. of runner
2. Velocity flow at inlet and outlet are equal
𝑽𝒇𝟏 = 𝑽𝒇𝟐
3. Area of flow at inlet and outlet are equal
𝝅
(𝑫𝟐𝒐 - 𝑫𝟐𝒃 )
𝟒
 KAPLAN TURBINE
EXAMPLE: GIVEN:
A KAPLAN TURBINE WORKING UNDER A HEAD OF
H = 20 M
20 M DEVELOPS 11772 KW SHAFT POWER. THE
OUTER DIAMETER OF THE RUNNER IS 3.5 M AND SP = 11772 KW
HUB DIAMETER IS 1.75 M. THE GUIDE BLADE
ANGLE AT THE EXTREME EDGE OF THE RUNNER IS 𝐷𝑜 = 3.5 𝑚
35°. THE HYDRAULIC AND OVERALL EFFICIENCIES
OF THE TURBINE ARE 88% AND 84%, 𝐷𝑏 = 1.75 𝑚
RESPECTIVELY. IF THE VELOCITY WHIRL IS ZERO
𝛼 = 35°
AT OUTLET, DETERMINE THE:
a. RUNNER VANE ANGLES AT INLET AND OUTLET 𝑒ℎ = 88% FIND THE FF:
AT THE EXTREME EDGE OF THE RUNNER
𝑒𝑜 = 84% a. 𝜃=?
b. SPEED OF THE TURBINE
𝑉𝑤2 = 0 b. ∅ = ?
 KAPLAN TURBINE

SOLUTION: SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

GIVEN: a. 𝜽 a. 𝜽 a. 𝜽
H = 20 M 𝑽𝒇𝟏 𝑽𝒇𝟏 𝑉𝑓1
tan 𝜽 = tan 𝜽 =
𝑽𝒘𝟏 − 𝑽𝒑𝟏
; 𝑉𝑤1 =? tan 𝜃 = 𝑉
𝑽𝒘𝟏 − 𝑽𝒑𝟏 − 𝑉𝑝1
SP = 11772 𝑤1
𝑸 𝑽𝒇𝟏
KW 𝑽𝒇𝟏 = 𝝅 ; Q =? tan 𝜶 = 𝑽 9.9
(𝑫𝟐𝒐 - 𝑫𝟐𝒃 ) 𝒘𝟏 tan 𝜃 = 14.14 −12.21
𝟒
𝐷𝑜 = 3.5 𝑚 9.9
𝑘𝑁−𝑚 tan (35) = 𝑉 𝜽 = 78. 97°
𝑃𝑜 𝑆𝑃 11772 𝑤1
𝐷𝑏 = 1.75 𝑚 𝑒𝑜 = = = 𝑠
= 0.84
𝑘𝑁 𝒎
𝑃𝑖 𝛾𝑄𝐻 (9.81 3 )(𝑄)(20𝑚) 𝑽𝒘𝟏 = 14.14
𝛼 = 35° 𝑚 𝒔
𝑽𝒘𝟏 𝑽𝒑𝟏 SOLUTION:
𝒎𝟑 𝒆𝒉 = = 0.88
𝑒ℎ = 88% Q = 71.428 𝒈𝑯
b. ∅
𝒔
𝑒𝑜 = 84% (14.14)(𝑉𝑝1)
𝑚3 0.88 = 𝑽𝒇𝟐 𝑽𝒇𝟏 𝟗.𝟗
71.428 𝒎 (9.81)(20) tan ∅= 𝑽 = = 𝟏𝟐.𝟐𝟏
𝑠
𝑉𝑤2 = 0 𝑉𝑓1 = = 9.9 𝑽𝒑𝟏
𝜋
4
2 −
(3.5 1.752 ) 𝒔
𝑽𝒑𝟏 = 12.21
𝒎 𝒑𝟐

𝒔
∅ = 39.035 °
KAPLAN TURBINE