MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS (EC701PC)

COURSE PLANNER

COURSE OBJECTIVIES AND RELEVANCES:

At the end of the course the student will be in a position to
1. To get familiarized with microwave frequency bands, their applications and to understand the
limitations and losses of conventional tubes at these frequencies.
2. To distinguish between different types of microwave tubes, their structures and principles
ofmicrowave power generation.
3. To impart the knowledge of Scattering Matrix, its formulation and utility, and establish the SMatrix
for various types of microwave junctions.
4. Understand the utility of Optical Fibers in Communications..

COURSE PURPOSE:
To teach the course on Microwave engineering with subject code (EC701PC) as prescribed by the
JNTU to fulfill the requirements for the 4th year 1st semester ECE students.

COURSE OUTCOME:Upon completing this course, the student will be able to

Known power generation at microwave frequencies and derive the performance characteristics.
realize the need for solid state microwave sources and understand the principles of solid state devices.
distinguish between the different types of waveguide and ferrite components, and select proper
components for engineering applications
understand the utility of S-parameters in microwave component design and learn the
measurement procedure of various microwave parameters.
Understand the mechanism of light propagation through Optical Fibers.

COURSE CONTENT:
JNTUH SYLLABUS
UNIT - I
Microwave Tubes: Limitations and Losses of conventional Tubes at Microwave Frequencies,
Microwave Tubes O Type and M Type Classifications, O-type Tubes: 2 Cavity Klystrons Structure,
Reentrant Cavities, Velocity Modulation Process and Applegate Diagram, Bunching Process and Small
Signal Theory Expressions for O/P Power and Efficiency. Reflex Klystrons Structure, Velocity
Modulation and Applegate Diagram, Mathematical Theory of Bunching, Power Output, Efficiency,
Oscillating Modes and O/P Characteristics.
Helix TWTs: Types and Characteristics of Slow Wave Structures; Structure of TWT and Amplification
Process (qualitative treatment), Suppression of Oscillations, Gain Considerations.

11
UNIT - II
M-Type Tubes:
Introduction, Cross-field Effects, Magnetrons Different Types, Cylindrical Traveling Wave Magnetron
Hull Cut-off and Hartree Conditions, Modes of Resonance and PI-Mode Operation, Separation of PIMode,
o/p characteristics,
Microwave Solid State Devices: Introduction, Classification, Applications. TEDs Introduction, Gunn
Diodes Principle, RWH Theory, Characteristics, Modes of Operation - Gunn Oscillation Modes,
Principle of operation of IMPATT and TRAPATT Devices.
UNIT - III
Waveguide Components: Coupling Mechanisms Probe, Loop, Aperture types. Waveguide
Discontinuities Waveguide Windows, Tuning Screws and Posts, Matched Loads. Waveguide
Attenuators Different Types, Resistive Card and Rotary Vane Attenuators; Waveguide Phase Shifters
Types, Dielectric and Rotary Vane Phase Shifters, Waveguide Multiport Junctions - E plane and H
plane Tees. Ferrites Composition and Characteristics, Faraday Rotation, Ferrite Components
Gyrator, Isolator,
UNIT - IV
Scattering matrix: Scattering Matrix Properties, Directional Couplers 2 Hole, Bethe Hole, [s] matrix of
Magic Tee and Circulator.
Microwave Measurements: Description of Microwave Bench Different Blocks and their Features,
Errors and Precautions, Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency. Standing Wave Measurements,
measurement of Low and High VSWR, Cavity Q, Impedance Measurements.
UNIT - V
Optical Fiber Transmission Media: Optical Fiber types, Light Propagation, Optical fiber
Configurations, Optical fiber classifications, Losses in Optical Fiber cables, Light Sources, Optical
Sources, Light Detectors, LASERS, WDM Concepts, Optical Fiber System link budget.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2003.
2. Electronic Communications Systems- Wayne Tomasi, Pearson, 5th
Edition
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communication Gerd Keiser, TMH, 4thEd., 2008.
2. Microwave Engineering - David M. Pozar, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt Ltd., 1989, 3r ed., 2011
Reprint.
3. Microwave Engineering - G.S. Raghuvanshi, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
4. Electronic Communication System George Kennedy, 6th
Ed., McGrawHill.

IES SYLLABUS:
Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides and other
Microwave Components and Circuits, Misconstrue circuits, Microwave Antennas, Microwave Measurements,
Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation. Microwave Communication Systems terrestrial and Satellite based.
12
GATE SYLLABUS:
S-parameters,pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off
frequencies.

LESSON PLAN:

methodology
Outcomes

Reference
Learning

Teaching
learning
(CLOs)
Course
Content to be
Lecture No

covered under Link for pdf Link for small

Topics to be project
covered each topic

Unit-1

Microwave https://drive.google
Tubes: https://bestengine
.com/drive/folders/
Limitations eringprojects.co
Introduction, 1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
and Losses of m/electronic-
1 Limitations, WCGf8K3Xt4OvC CLO1 Talk T1
conventional tutorial/microwa
Types of tubes VeDq2fMc?usp=sh
Tubes at ves/
aring
Microwave
Frequencies
https://drive.google
https://bestengine
Microwave Classification .com/drive/folders/
eringprojects.co
Tubes O Type 1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
O-type tubes m/electronic-
2 and M Type WCGf8K3Xt4OvC CLO1 Talk T1
tutorial/microwa
Classifications, M-type tubes VeDq2fMc?usp=sh
ves/
O-type Tubes aring

Explaining the
following 5 steps of
designing Cavity
Klystron https://drive.google
Cavity Klystrons https://bestengine
1. Modulation .com/drive/folders/
Structure, Reentrant of velocity eringprojects.co
1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Cavities, Velocity m/electronic-
3 2. Derivation WCGf8K3Xt4OvC CLO1 Talk T1
Modulation Process tutorial/microwa
of Efficiency VeDq2fMc?usp=sh
and Applegate ves/
3. Advantage , aring
Diagram
Disadvantage
,Numerical
Problems

Bunching Process Bunching process https://drive.google https://bestengine Chalk &

4 CLO1 T1
and Small Signal Output power , input .com/drive/folders/ eringprojects.co Talk
13
 Theory power expression 1lDDULHFoGAl m/electronic-
Expressions for Efficiency WCGf8K3Xt4OvC tutorial/microwa
O/P Power and VeDq2fMc?usp=sh ves/
Efficiency. aring

https://drive.google
Reflex Klystrons https://bestengine
.com/drive/folders/
Structure, eringprojects.co
1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
5 Reflex Klystrons Velocity m/electronic-
Modulation WCGf8K3Xt4OvC CLO1 Talk T1
tutorial/microwa
and Applegate VeDq2fMc?usp=sh
ves/
Diagram, aring

Mathematical https://drive.google
https://bestengine
Theory of .com/drive/folders/
eringprojects.co
Bunching, Power 1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
m/electronic-
6 Reflex Klystrons Output, Efficiency, WCGf8K3Xt4OvC CLO3 Talk T1
tutorial/microwa
Oscillating Modes VeDq2fMc?usp=sh
ves/
and O/P aring
Characteristics.
https://drive.google
https://bestengine
.com/drive/folders/
Types eringprojects.co
1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
m/electronic-
7 Helix TWTs: Characteristics of WCGf8K3Xt4OvC CLO3 Talk T1
tutorial/microwa
Slow Wave VeDq2fMc?usp=sh
ves/
Structures aring

https://drive.google
https://bestengine
.com/drive/folders/
Structure of TWT eringprojects.co
1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Helix TWTs: m/electronic- CLO2,
8 and Amplification WCGf8K3Xt4OvC tutorial/microwa CLO4 Talk T1
Process (qualitative VeDq2fMc?usp=sh ves/
treatment), aring

https://drive.google
https://bestengine
.com/drive/folders/
eringprojects.co
Suppression of 1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
m/electronic-
9 Helix TWTs: Oscillations, Gain WCGf8K3Xt4OvC CLO4 Talk T1
tutorial/microwa
Considerations. VeDq2fMc?usp=sh
ves/
aring

Unit 2
https://drive.googl https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder eeringprojects.c
Chalk &
Introduction, s/1lDDULHFoGAl om/electronic-
1 M-Type Tubes: CLO1 Talk T1
Cross-field Effects WCGf8K3Xt4Ov tutorial/microw
CVeDq2fMc?usp= aves/
sharing
14
 https://drive.googl
https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder
eeringprojects.c
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Magnetrons om/electronic-
2 Different Types WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
tutorial/microw
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
aves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder
Traveling Wave eeringprojects.c
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Magnetron om/electronic-
3 Magnetrons WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
Hull Cut-off and tutorial/microw
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
Hartree Conditions aves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder
eeringprojects.c
Modes of Resonance s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
om/electronic-
4 Magnetrons and WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
tutorial/microw
PI-Mode Operation CVeDq2fMc?usp=
aves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder
eeringprojects.c
Separation of PI- s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
5 Mode om/electronic-
Magnetrons WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
o/p characteristics, tutorial/microw
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
aves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder
eeringprojects.c
Introduction, s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Microwave Solid Classification, om/electronic- CLO2,
6 WCGf8K3Xt4Ov Talk T1
State Devices: Applications tutorial/microw CLO3
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
aves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder
eeringprojects.c
Introduction, s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
om/electronic-
7 TEDs Gunn Diodes WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO3 Talk T1
tutorial/microw
Principle CVeDq2fMc?usp=
aves/
sharing

https://drive.googl https://bestengin Chalk &

8 RWH, Theory, CLO3 T1
e.com/drive/folder eeringprojects.c Talk
15
 s/1lDDULHFoGAl om/electronic-
Characteristics
WCGf8K3Xt4Ov tutorial/microw
CVeDq2fMc?usp= aves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder
eeringprojects.c
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Gunn Oscillation om/electronic-
9 Modes Modes of Operation WCGf8K3Xt4Ov tutorial/microw CLO3 Talk T1
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
aves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengin
e.com/drive/folder
eeringprojects.c
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
IMPATT and Principle of om/electronic-
10 WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO3 Talk T1
TRAPATT Devices operation tutorial/microw
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
aves/
sharing

UNIT III
https://drive.googl
Waveguide https://bestengine
Coupling e.com/drive/folder
Components: eringprojects.co
Mechanisms s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Coupling m/electronic-
1 Probe, WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
Mechanisms tutorial/microwa
Loop, CVeDq2fMc?usp=
Probe, Loop, ves/
Aperture types sharing
Aperture types
https://drive.googl
Waveguide https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
Windows, eringprojects.co
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Waveguide m/electronic-
2 Tuning Screws and WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
Discontinuities tutorial/microwa
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
Posts, ves/
sharing
Matched Loads
https://drive.googl
Waveguide https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
Attenuators Different Types, eringprojects.co
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
3
Different Types, ResistiveCard and WCGf8K3Xt4Ov m/electronic- CLO1 Talk T1
Resistive Card and tutorial/microwa
RotarVane CVeDq2fMc?usp=
Rotary Vane ves/
Attenuators sharing
Attenuators
https://drive.googl https://bestengine
Waveguide Phase Types,
e.com/drive/folder eringprojects.co Chalk &
Shifters Types, Dielectric and s/1lDDULHFoGAl m/electronic- CLO1 Talk T1
4 Dielectric and Rotary Vane
WCGf8K3Xt4Ov tutorial/microwa
Rotary Vane Phase Phase Shifters
CVeDq2fMc?usp= ves/
16
 Shifters sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
eringprojects.co
Waveguide s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
5 E plane and m/electronic-
Multiport Junctions H plane Tees. WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
tutorial/microwa
- CVeDq2fMc?usp=
ves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
Ferrites Composition and eringprojects.co
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Composition and m/electronic-
6 Characteristics, WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO3 Talk T1
Characteristics, tutorial/microwa
Faraday Rotation, CVeDq2fMc?usp=
Faraday Rotation, ves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
eringprojects.co
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Ferrite Components Gyrator, m/electronic- CLO2,
7 WCGf8K3Xt4Ov Talk T1
tutorial/microwa CLO4
solator CVeDq2fMc?usp=
ves/
sharing

UNIT IV
https://drive.googl https:
e.com/drive/folder //bestengineering
Introduction,
s/1lDDULHFoGAl projects.com/elec Chalk &
Motivation
1 Scattering matrix: WCGf8K3Xt4Ov tronic- CLO1 Talk T1
Scattering Matrix
CVeDq2fMc?usp= tutorial/microwa
Properties,
sharing ves/

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
I. 2 Hole, e.com/drive/folder eringprojects.co
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Directional II. Bethe m/electronic-
2 WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
Couplers Hole tutorial/microwa
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
ves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
eringprojects.co
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Magic Tee and m/electronic-
3 [s] matrix of WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
Circulator tutorial/microwa
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
ves/
sharing

17
 https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
Description of eringprojects.co
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Microwave Microwave Bench m/electronic-
4 WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
Measurements: Different Blocks and tutorial/microwa
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
their Features ves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
Errors and e.com/drive/folder
eringprojects.co
Precautions, s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
5 Microwave m/electronic-
Measurement of WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
Measurements: tutorial/microwa
Attenuation, CVeDq2fMc?usp=
ves/
Frequency. sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
Standing Wave e.com/drive/folder
eringprojects.co
Measurements, s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Microwave measurement of m/electronic-
6 WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO1 Talk T1
Measurements: Low tutorial/microwa
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
and High VSWR ves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
eringprojects.co
s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Cavity Q I. Cavity WCGf8K3Xt4Ov m/electronic- CLO2,
7 Talk T1
Q tutorial/microwa CLO4
CVeDq2fMc?usp=
ves/
sharing

https://drive.googl
https://bestengine
e.com/drive/folder
eringprojects.co
Impedsance s/1lDDULHFoGAl Chalk &
Impedance m/electronic-
8 Measurements WCGf8K3Xt4Ov CLO4 Talk T1
Measurements tutorial/microwa
VSWR Meter CVeDq2fMc?usp=
ves/
sharing

UNIT V

https://docs.google.
com/presentation/d
https://matlab.p
/1AzrjRaKHCgdT
rojectsqa.com/c/
Optical Fiber Introduction, gwZle6hc6w9FRf Chalk &
optical-
1 Transmission Optical Fiber types R6cEAa/edit?usp= CLO1 Talk T1
communication-
Media: I. drive_web&ouid=1
projects
104474088730832
69514&rtpof=true

18
 https://docs.google.
com/presentation/d
https://matlab.p
Light /1AzrjRaKHCgdT
rojectsqa.com/c/
Optical Fiber Propagation, gwZle6hc6w9FRf Chalk &
optical-
2 Transmission R6cEAa/edit?usp= CLO1 Talk T1
Optical fiber communication-
Media: drive_web&ouid=1
Configuration projects
104474088730832
s,
69514&rtpof=true

https://docs.google.
com/presentation/d
https://matlab.p
/1AzrjRaKHCgdT
rojectsqa.com/c/
Optical Fiber Optical fiber gwZle6hc6w9FRf optical- Chalk &
3 Transmission classifications R6cEAa/edit?usp= communication- CLO1 Talk T1
Media: system drive_web&ouid=1
projects
104474088730832
69514&rtpof=true

https://docs.google.
com/presentation/d
https://matlab.p
/1AzrjRaKHCgdT
rojectsqa.com/c/
Optical Fiber Losses in gwZle6hc6w9FRf Chalk &
optical-
4 Transmission Optical Fiber R6cEAa/edit?usp= CLO1 Talk T1
communication-
Media: cables, drive_web&ouid=1
projects
104474088730832
69514&rtpof=true

https://docs.google.
com/presentation/d
https://matlab.p
/1AzrjRaKHCgdT
Detail explanation gwZle6hc6w9FRf rojectsqa.com/c/ Chalk &
5 Light Sources, about Light Sources optical-
Detals of Optical R6cEAa/edit?usp= CLO1 Talk T1
Optical Sources, communication-
Sources, drive_web&ouid=1
projects
104474088730832
69514&rtpof=true

https://docs.google.
com/presentation/d
https://matlab.p
/1AzrjRaKHCgdT
rojectsqa.com/c/
Detail explanation gwZle6hc6w9FRf Chalk &
optical- CLO2,
6 Light Detectors, about Light R6cEAa/edit?usp= Talk T1
communication- CLO4
Detectors drive_web&ouid=1
projects
104474088730832
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Detail explanation https://docs.google. https://matlab.p Chalk &

7 LASERS CLO4 T1
about LASERS com/presentation/d rojectsqa.com/c/ Talk
19
 /1AzrjRaKHCgdT optical-
gwZle6hc6w9FRf communication-
R6cEAa/edit?usp= projects
drive_web&ouid=1
104474088730832
69514&rtpof=true

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com/presentation/d
https://matlab.p
/1AzrjRaKHCgdT
rojectsqa.com/c/
gwZle6hc6w9FRf Chalk &
Detailed Explanation optical-
8 WDM Concepts R6cEAa/edit?usp= CLO4 Talk T1
of WDM communication-
drive_web&ouid=1
projects
104474088730832
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https://docs.google.
com/presentation/d
https://matlab.p
/1AzrjRaKHCgdT
Detailed descriotion rojectsqa.com/c/
gwZle6hc6w9FRf Chalk &
Optical Fiber of Link Budget in optical-
9 R6cEAa/edit?usp= CLO4 Talk T1
System link budget Optical communication-
drive_web&ouid=1
Communications projects
104474088730832
69514&rtpof=true

UNIT-1:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2003.
2. Electronic Communications Systems- Wayne Tomasi, Pearson, 5th Edition
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communication Gerd Keiser, TMH, 4th
Ed., 2008.
2. Microwave Engineering - David M. Pozar, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt Ltd., 1989, 3r ed., 2011Reprint.
3. Microwave Engineering - G.S. Raghuvanshi, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
4. Electronic Communication System George Kennedy, 6th
Ed., McGrawHill.

QUESTION BANK:
UNIT I
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Show that TM01and TM10 modes does not exist in a rectangular waveguide.
2. A rectangular wave guide with dimension of 8X4 cm operates in the TM11 mode at
3. 10Ghz.Determine the characteristic wave impedance.

20
 a) Derive the characteristic wave impedance of TEmn modes in a rectangular wave
4. Guide and obtain the relation b/w the guided wave length and characteristic impedance.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. An air filled rectangular wave guide of inside dimensions 3X2 cm operates in the
2. Dominant TE10 mode (i) find cutoff frequency fc (ii) phase velocity of wave at a
3. Frequency of 3.5Ghz (iii) guided wave length at the same frequency.
4. Describe the method of designating the modes of transmission in rectangular wave
5. Guides. What is dominant mode and why it is most often used in wave guides.
6. b) Define group velocity and phase velocity of a rectangular wave guide
7. Derive the expression for cutoff frequency, phase constant phase velocity, group
8. Velocity and wave impedance in rectangular wave guide.

UNIT II
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What is a cavity resonator? Discuss the applications of cavity resonator.
2. Derive the expression for resonator frequency of rectangular cavity resonator.
3. Why is a micro strip line referred to as open strip line?
4. What are the advantages of micro strip lines?
5. Does micro strip line support TEM modes? Justify the answer.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. Derive the expression for resonant frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator
2. What is the significance of Q in resonant circuits? Derive a general expression Q for
a series resonant circuit what happens to Q when circuit is loaded.
3. Explain the working principle of directional coupler and derive the expression for
4. Directivity and coupling coefficient.
5. b) Write short notes on circulator
a) Explain the principle of working of rectangular wave guide dielectric phase shifter.
b) Write short notes on H plane Tee
6. Write short notes on the following :
a) Directional coupler b) Magic Tee
7. Explain:
a) Wave guide phase shifter b) Flap attenuator
UNIT III:
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Explain the characteristics of S matrix and derive the S matrix of E plane Tee.
2. Write short notes on Gyrator.
3. What is an Isolator? What is significance of it and its applications in micro wave Circuits?
4. What is necessity of S matrix representation of microwave components?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. Write short notes on wave guide discontinuities.
2. Derive the S matrix of 3 port circulators
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 3. What is a directional coupler? Derive the S matrix of a 4-port directional coupler.
4. Derive the S matrix of a magic Tee
5. Explain the working of Reflex klystron with neat Applegate diagram.
6. Derive the expression for the efficiency of a 2cavity klystron amplifier.
7. What is velocity modulation? Explain how amplification takes place in two cavity
8. Klystron amplifier.
a) What is transit time? What is its significance in microwave tubes?
b) Derive the expression for output power and efficiency of a 2 cavity klystron.
c) Explain the operation of reflex klystron oscillator with a neat diagram.
d) Draw the mode curves of Reflex klystron and derive the relation between mode numbers and
repelled in Reflex klystron.
UNIT IV
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Explain how amplification takes place in Helix TWT?
2. What is Hartee condition in Magnetron?
3. What is magnetron? Explain the principle of operation of it with a neat sketch.
4. What is a slow wave structure? What are its applications?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. With a neat sketch explain the structure and principle of operation of TWT amplifier.
2. How is bunching achieved in a cavity magnetron?Explain.
3. Explain the significance of slow wave structure in the amplification process. List outthe major
differences b/w TWT and klystron.
4. Explain the operation of 8 cavity magnetron
5. Explain the principle of operation and characteristics of GUNN diode.
6. Explain the operation of IMPATT diode with neat diagram.
7. What are the bulk properties of GUNN diode that give rise to negative resistance?
8. What is TRAPATT diode? How it is better than IMPATT diode.
9. Explain the physical structure and construction of IMPATT diodes.
10. Compare IMPATT and TRAPPAT diodes.
1. Explain the procedure for measuring VSWR<10
2. Explain the procedure for measuring attenuation with neat diagram.
3. Write short notes on microwave frequency measurements.
4. Draw a neat sketch of a MW test bench for impedance measurements.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. Explain the procedure for measuring VSWR>10 using microwave test bench.
2. Write short notes on reflection coefficient and insertion loss measurement at microwave frequencies.
3. Give the measurement procedure for measuring Q factor of resonant cavity.
4.

22
 UNIT V
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
S.No. Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Level Outcome
Draw a block diagram of fiber optic communication system and Remember 1
1.
describe the function of each component?
2. Explain step index and Graded index fiber? Remember 1
Explain acceptance angle and numerical aperture for Apply 1
3.
meridionalrays ?
4. Explain skew rays and derive numerical aperture for skew rays? Remember 1
Explain the fiber materials? Understand 1
5.

6. Explain the following attenuation and absorption. Understand 1

Describe the fiber optic connectors, single mode fiber Analyze 1
7.
connectors?
8. Explain splicing techniques. Understand 1
9. Describe the ray theory transmission. Remember 1
10. What are the advantages of fiber optic communication? Understand 1
Short Answer Questions:
S.No. Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. What is acceptance angle? Remember 1
2. Draw a block diagram of fiber optic communication system? Understand 1

3. Understand 1
4. Define Numerical aperture of the fiber? Remember 1
5. What is meant by the term critical propagation angle? Understand 1
6. Explain skew rays and derive NA for skew rays. Remember 1

Explain fiber materials. Evaluate 1

7.

8. Define Cut Off Wavelength Remember 1

9. Explain Mode Field Diameter Understand 1

10. Define Effective Refractive Index Understand 1

23
OBJECTIVE QUSETIONS:
UNIT-I
1. Klystron operation is based on the principle of
(a)velocity modulation (b)amplitude modulation (c)frequency modulation
(d) Phase modulation
2. The following is not an application of varactor diode
(a) Parametric amplifier (b) Frequency tuner (c) Voltage controlled oscillator
(d) Phase shifter
3. Slotted line with tunable probe is not used to measure
(a) VSWR (b) wavelength (c) power (d) impedance
4. In a microwave magic-T, E plane and H plane are
(a) in phase (b) out of phase (c) isolated (d) 90 degrees out of phase
5. Baretters and bolometers are used for measurement of
(a) VSWR (b) transmission losses (c) microwave power (d) frequency
6. Which of the following antennas exhibits circular polarization
(a) small circular loop (b) folded dipole (c) helical (d) parabolic dish
7. Which of the following antenna is used as standard reference for calculating directive gain
(a) haif wave dipole (b) infinitesimal dipole (c) elementary doublet (d) isotropic antenna
8. Which of the following microwave diodes is suitable for very low power oscillations
9. Applications only
(a) tunnel (b) impatt (c) varactor (d) gunn
10. Which of the following antenna is obtained by modifying a wave gide
(a) miscosrtip antenna (b) helical antenna (c) horn antenna (d) dipole antenna
11. Which of the following is a microwave power amplifier
(a) gunn diode (b) reflex klystron (c) magnetron (d) travelling wave tube
1) Which device can detect the presence of both forward and backward waves in a
Wave guide
(a) filter (b) detector (c) directional coupler (d) magic T
2) Which principle of operation of cavity wave meters is used in microwave networks
(a)phase shift (b) resonance (c) polarization shift (d) gyration
3) In a magnetron oscillator the improvement of stability and efficiency is achieved by
Which technique
(a) strapping (b)cross coupling (c) bunching (d) bouncing
4) Which one of the following is used for amplification of microwave signals
(a) gunn diode (b) strapped magnetron (c) reflex klystron (d) double cavity klystron
5) In microwave communication links, what causes intense fading in the 18GHz band
(a) snow (b) rain (c) fog (d) dust
6)
(a) double cavity klystron (b) reflex klystron (c) magnetron (d) travelling wave tube
7) aracteristics
24
 (a) reflex klystron (b) gunn diode (c) PNP transistor (d) magnetron
8)
(a) thermionic tube diode (b) schottky barrier diode (c) Thomson deflection diode
(d) thermal electron diode
9) In wave guide networks, there is a component which consists of an E-plane Tee
(a) Combined with an H-plane Tee. What this component generally known as
(a) directional Tee (b) phased array Tee (c) coupler Tee (d) magic Tee
UNIT-II
1. A rectangular waveguide of internal dimensions (a = 4 cm and b = 3 cm) is to be
a. Operated in TE11 mode. The minimum operating frequency is
b. GHz (B) 6.0 GHz
c. GHz (D) 3.75 GHz
d. ANS:A
2. .At 20 GHz, the gain of a parabolic dish antenna of 1 meter and 70% efficiency is
a. 15 dB (B) 25 dB
b. 35 dB (D) 45 dB
c. ANS: (D) is correct option.
3. An air-filled rectangular waveguide has inner dimensions of 3 cm # 2 cm. The wave Impedance of the
TE20 mode of propagation in the waveguide at a frequency of 30
a. GHz is (free space impedance )
b. 308 (B) 355
c. 400 (D) 461
d. ANS: C
4. In a microwave test bench, why is the microwave signal amplitude modulated at 1kHz
a. To increase the sensitivity of measurement
b. To transmit the signal to a far-off place
c. To study amplitude modulations
d. Because crystal detector fails at microwave frequencies
e. ANS: (D) is correct option
UNIT-III
1.What are the different types of Directional coupler?
a) Two hole directional coupler
b) Be the hole directional coupler
c) Four hole directional coupler
2.What are the different types of Directional coupler?
a) Two hole directional coupler
b) Be the hole directional coupler
c) Four hole directional coupler
3.What are the principal limitations of conventional negative grid electron tubes?
a) Electron transit time becomes a noticeable proportion at high frequencies.
b) Lumped electrical reactance and low Q resonant circuit.
25
4. What are the applications of High Q-oscillators and amplifier circuits? They are used in
a) Low power transmitters
b) Parametric amplifier pumps
c) Police radars and intrusion alarms
5. What are the elements that exhibit Gunn effect? The elements are
a) Gallium arsenide
b) Indium phosphide
c) Cadmium telluride d)Indium arsenide
UNIT-IV
1. What is time parameter for
a) Domain growth time constant
b) Dielectric relaxation time
c) Transit time.
2. What are the various modes of transferred electron oscillators?
a) Transit time mode
b) Quenched and delayed domain modes
c) Limited space charge accumulation mode.
3. List the type of circuit used for IMPATT diode circuits.
a) Broadly tunable circuits
b) its
c)
3. What are the applications of low Q-oscillators and amplifier circuits?
a) Final output stage of FM telecommunication transmitter
b) Up converter pump
c) CW Doppler radar transmitter.
4. List some of power detecting elements?
a) Schottky diode
b) baretter
c) thermistor
d) thermocouple
5. What are the factors reducing efficiency of IMPATT diode?
a) Space charge effect
b) Reverse saturation current effect
c) High frequency skin effect
d) Ionization saturation effect
UNIT V

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
1.Who proposed the idea of transmission of light via dielectric waveguide structure?
a)Christian Huygens
26
b)Karponand Bockham
c)Hondrosanddebye
d)Albert Einstein
Answer:c
2.Who proposed the use of clad waveguide structure?
a)Edward Appleton
b)Schriever
c)Kaoand Hockham
d)James Maxwell

Answer:c

3. Which law gives the relationship between refractive index of the dielectric?
a)Law of reflection
b)Law of

Answer:b

4.The light sources used in fibre optics communication are :

b)Phototransistors
c)Xenonlights
d)Incandescent
Answer:a

5.The ________ ray passes through the axis of the fiber core.
a)Reflected
b)Refracted
c)Meridional
d)Shew
Answer:c

6. Light incident on fibers of angles________the acceptance angle do not propagate into the fiber
a)Less than
b)Greater than
c)Equal to
d)Less than and equal to
Answer:b

7. What is the numerical aperture of the fiber if the angle of acceptance is 16 degree

27
 a)0.50
b)0.36
c)0.20
d)0.27
Answer:d

8. The ratio of speed of light in air to the speed of light in another medium is called as_________
a)Speed factor
b)Dielectric constant
c)Reflection index
d)Refraction index
Answer:d
9. When a ray of light enters one medium from another medium, which quality will not change
a)Direction
b)Frequency
c)Speed
d)Wavelength
Answer:b

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3. http://www.surrey.ac.uk/postgraduate/rf-and-microwave-engineering
4. http://www.rfcafe.com/references/magazine-links.htm

EXPERT DETAILS:
1. Dr. V. Sumalatha (JNTUA)
2. Dr. M.N Giriprasad (JNTUA)
3. Dr. Ch. Sasikala Professor & Chairperson Centre for Environment,

JOURNALS:
1. LFMTP'12 - Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Logical Frameworks and Meta
Languages, Theory and Practice
2. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops,
ICMEW 2012

LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT PROJECTS;

1. Designing of Power Divider using Micro Strip.
2. Designing of Magic Tee.
3. Designing of Hybrid 3dB Coupler.

28
LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINORS:
1. Simulationsurrogate-based optimization
2. Space mappingtuningsurrogate model
3.High-fidelity modelcoarse model
CASE STUDIES/Mini Projects
1. Computer-aided design (CAD)
2. Microwave designsimulation-driven optimizationelectromagnetic (EM)
3. Study of Microwave and microwave transmission lines.
4. Study of Microwave tubes
5. Study of Microwave bench .

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