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Instrumentation and Process Control Fundamentals Part 2

The document discusses the components and symbols used in instrumentation and process control loop diagrams. It describes the primary elements in a control loop like sensors, transmitters, indicators, controllers, and final control elements. It then explains the symbols used by the Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA) in engineering drawings to represent these different control loop components. Key ISA symbols include circles for instruments, squares for devices with control and display functions, hexagons for computer controllers, and specific shapes for valves, pumps and other elements. Identification letters and tag numbers are also used with the symbols.

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El King Delina
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72 views26 pages

Instrumentation and Process Control Fundamentals Part 2

The document discusses the components and symbols used in instrumentation and process control loop diagrams. It describes the primary elements in a control loop like sensors, transmitters, indicators, controllers, and final control elements. It then explains the symbols used by the Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA) in engineering drawings to represent these different control loop components. Key ISA symbols include circles for instruments, squares for devices with control and display functions, hexagons for computer controllers, and specific shapes for valves, pumps and other elements. Identification letters and tag numbers are also used with the symbols.

Uploaded by

El King Delina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Components of Control

Loop
Primary Elements (Sensors)
Transducer
Converter
Transmitter
Signals
Indicator
Record
Controllers
Controllers
Correcting Elements/Final Control
Elements
Actuator
Instrumentation, Systems
and Automation (ISA)
Symbols
ISA Symbols
The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA) is one of the leading
process control trade and standards organizations. The ISA has developed a set of
symbols for use in engineering drawings and designs of control loops.
ISA Symbols
In a P&ID, a circle represents individual measurement instruments, such as
transmitters, sensors, and detectors.

Discrete Instrument
A single horizontal line running across the center of the shape indicates that the
instrument or function is located in a primary location (e.g., a control room). A double
line indicates that the function is in an auxiliary location (e.g., an instrument rack). The
absence of a line indicates that the function is field mounted, and a dotted line
indicates that the function or instrument is inaccessible (e.g., located behind a panel
board)
ISA Symbols
A square with a circle inside represents instruments that both display measurement
readings and perform some control function. Many modern transmitters are equipped
with microprocessors that perform control calculations and send control output signals
to final control element

Shared Control/Display Element


ISA Symbols
A hexagon represents computer functions, such as those carried out by a controller.

Computer Functions (Controllers)

A square with a diamond inside represents PLC’s.

PLC’s
ISA Symbols
Two triangles with their apexes contacting each other (a “bow tie” shape) represent a
valve in the piping. An actuator is always drawn above the valve.

Valves
ISA Symbols
Directional arrows showing the flow direction represent a pump.

Pumps
ISA Symbols
Piping and Connections
Piping and connections are represented with several different symbols :
❑ A heavy solid line represents piping
❑ A thin solid line represents process connections to instruments (e.g., impulse
piping)
❑ A dashed line represents electrical signals (e.g., 4–20 mA connections)
❑ A slashed line represents pneumatic signal tubes
❑ A line with circles on it represents data links Other connection symbols include
capillary tubing for filled systems (e.g., remote diaphragm seals), hydraulic signal lines,
and guided electromagnetic or sonic signals
ISA Symbols
Piping and Connections
ISA Symbols
Identification Letters
Identification letters on the ISA symbols (e.g., TT for temperature transmitter) indicate:
❑ The variable being measured (e.g., flow, pressure, temperature)
❑ The device’s function (e.g., transmitter, switch, valve, sensor, indicator)
❑ Some modifiers

Tag Numbers
Numbers on P&ID symbols represent instrument tag numbers. Often these numbers
are associated with a particular control loop
ISA Symbols
Identification Letters
ISA Symbols
Identification Letters
ISA Symbols

This figure shows the


elements of ISA symbology
used in a P&ID.
Discussion to be continued
Next Week…..;-)

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