Chapter 1 Review E xercises 41

3x2  7x  12 A B C and 3 points, respectively. The numbers of field goals and

32.   
x  4x  42 x  4 x  4 x  42 extra-point kicks were equal. Write a system of equations to
represent this event. Then determine the number of each type of
In Exercises 33 and 34, find the values of x, y, and that satisfy the scoring play. (Source: National Football League)
system of equations. Such systems arise in certain problems of
calculus, and is called the Lagrange multiplier. 36. In the 2007 Fiesta Bowl Championship Series on January 8,
2007, the University of Florida Gators defeated the Ohio State
33. 2x  0 34. 2y  2  2  0 University Buckeyes by a score of 41 to 14. The total points
2y  0 2x  10 scored came from a combination of touchdowns, extra-point
x y 40 2x  y  100  0 kicks, and field goals, worth 6, 1, and 3 points, respectively.
The numbers of touchdowns and extra-point kicks were equal.
35. In Super Bowl XLI on February 4, 2007, the Indianapolis Colts The number of touchdowns was one more than three times the
beat the Chicago Bears by a score of 29 to 17. The total points number of field goals. Write a system of equations to represent
scored came from 13 scoring plays, which were a combination this event. Then determine the number of each type of scoring
of touchdowns, extra-point kicks, and field goals, worth 6, 1, play. (Source: www.fiestabowl.org)

CHAPTER 1 Review Exercises

In Exercises 1–8, determine whether the equation is linear in the In Exercises 23 and 24, determine the size of the matrix.
variables x and y.

 
2 1
1
 
2 3
1. 2x  y2  4 2. 2xy  6y  0 23. 24. 4 1
0 5 1
3. sinx  y  2 4. e2x  5y  8 0 5
2 4 In Exercises 25–28, determine whether the matrix is in row-echelon
5.  4y  3 6.  x  10 form. If it is, determine whether it is also in reduced row-echelon form.
x y
3

   
7. 12 x  14 y  0 8. 35 x  10
7
y2 1 0 1 1 1 2 0
25. 0 1 2 1 26. 0 0 0 1
In Exercises 9 and 10, find a parametric representation of the
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
solution set of the linear equation.
1

   
2 1 0 1 0 0
9. 4x  2y  6z  1 10. 3x1  2x2  4x3  0
27. 0 1 0 28. 0 0 1 2
In Exercises 11–22, solve the system of linear equations. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
11. x  y  2 12. x  y  1 In Exercises 29 and 30, find the solution set of the system of linear
equations represented by the augmented matrix.
3x  y  0 3x  2y  0

   
13. 3y  2x 14. x  y  3 1 2 0 0 1 2 3 0
y x4 4x  y  10 29. 0 0 1 0 30. 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15. y  x  0 16. y  4x
2x  y  0 y x In Exercises 31–40, solve the system using either Gaussian
17. xy9 18. 40x1  30x2  24 elimination with back-substitution or Gauss-Jordan elimination.
x  y  1 20x1  15x2  14 31. x  y  2z  1 32. 2x  3y  z  10
19. 0.2x1  0.3x2  0.14 20. 0.2x  0.1y  0.07 2x  3y  z  2 2x  3y  3z  22
0.4x1  0.5x2  0.20 0.4x  0.5y  0.01 5x  4y  2z  4 4x  2y  3z  2
21. 12 x  1
3y  0 22. 13 x  47 y  3 33. 2x  3y  3z  3 34. 2x  6z  9
3x  2 y  5  10 2x  3y  15 6x  6y  12z  13 3x  2y  11z  16
12x  9y  z 2 3x  y  7z  11
42 Chapter 1 Sy stems of Linear Equations

35. x  2y  z  6 36. x  2y  6z  1 49. 2x1  8x2  4x3  0 50. x1  3x2  5x3  0

2x  3y  7 2x  5y  15z  4 3x1  10x2  7x3  0 x1  4x2  12 x3  0
x  3y  3z  11 3x  y  3z  6 10x2  5x3  0
37. 2x  y  2z  4 38. 2x1  5x 2  19x3  34 51. Determine the value of k such that the system of linear equations
2x  2y 5 3x1  8x 2  31x3  54 is inconsistent.
2x  y  6z  2 kx  y  0
x  ky  1
39. 2x1  x 2  x3  2x4  1
52. Determine the value of k such that the system of linear equations
5x1  2x 2  x3  3x4  0 has exactly one solution.
x1  3x2  2x3  2x4  1 x  y  2z  0
3x1  2x 2  3x3  5x4  12 x  y  z  0
x  ky  z  0
40. x1  5x2  3x3  14
53. Find conditions on a and b such that the system of linear
4x2  2x3  5x4  3
equations has (a) no solution, (b) exactly one solution, and (c) an
3x3  8x4  6x5  16 infinite number of solutions.
2x1  4x2  2x5  0 x  2y  3
2x1  x3  0 ax  by  9
54. Find (if possible) conditions on a, b, and c such that the system
In Exercises 41– 46, use the matrix capabilities of a graphing utility of linear equations has (a) no solution, (b) exactly one solution,
to reduce the augmented matrix corresponding to the system of and (c) an infinite number of solutions.
equations to solve the system.
2x  y  z  a
41. 3x  3y  12z  6 42. 2x  10y  2z  6 x  y  2z  b
x y 4z  2 x  5y  2z  6 3y  3z  c
2x  5y  20z  10 x  5y  z  3 55. Writing Describe a method for showing that two matrices are
x  2y  8z  4 3x  15y  3z  9 row-equivalent. Are the two matrices below row-equivalent?
43. 2x  y  z  2w  6

   
1 1 2 1 2 3
3x  4y  w 1 0 1 2 and 4 3 6
x  5y  2z  6w  3 3 1 2 5 5 10
5x  2y  z  w  3
56. Writing Describe all possible 2  3 reduced row-echelon
44. x  2y  z  4w  11
matrices. Support your answer with examples.
3x  6y  5z  12w  30
x  3y  3z  2w  5 57. Let n
3. Find the reduced row-echelon form of the n  n
6x  y  z  w  9 matrix.
45. x  y  z  w  0 46. x  2y  z  3w  0 . . .

 
1 2 3 n
2x  3y  z  2w  0 x y  w0 n1 n2 n3 . . . 2n
3x  5y  z 0 5y  z  2w  0 2n  1. 2n  2. 2n  3 . . . 3n
. .
. . . .
. . . .
In Exercises 47–50, solve the homogeneous system of linear n2  n  1
n2  n  2 n2  n  3 . . . n2
equations.
58. Find all values of for which the homogeneous system of
47. x1  2x2  8x3  0 48. 2x1  4x 2  7x3  0 linear equations has nontrivial solutions.
3x1  2x2 0 x1  3x 2  9x3  0   2x1  2x2  3x3  0
x1  x 2  7x3  0 6x1  9x3  0 2x1    1x2  6x3  0
x1  2x2  x3  0