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Compound Motor

A compounded DC motor has both a shunt field and a series field. There are two types: cumulatively compounded and differentially compounded. A cumulatively compounded motor has a higher starting torque than a shunt motor but lower than a series motor. It combines advantages of both by providing extra starting torque like a series motor while avoiding overspeeding at no load like a shunt motor. A differentially compounded motor is unstable and unsuitable for use due to tendency to run away or stall at startup. Speed control methods are similar to shunt motor by varying field resistance, armature voltage, or resistance.

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Zeroziah Nazato
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91 views17 pages

Compound Motor

A compounded DC motor has both a shunt field and a series field. There are two types: cumulatively compounded and differentially compounded. A cumulatively compounded motor has a higher starting torque than a shunt motor but lower than a series motor. It combines advantages of both by providing extra starting torque like a series motor while avoiding overspeeding at no load like a shunt motor. A differentially compounded motor is unstable and unsuitable for use due to tendency to run away or stall at startup. Speed control methods are similar to shunt motor by varying field resistance, armature voltage, or resistance.

Uploaded by

Zeroziah Nazato
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PSU@42: “MOVING FORWARD TOGETHER”

DC MOTORS – PART 5
COMPOUND DC MOTOR

EE 314
ELECTRICAL MACHINES 1
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

A compounded dc motor is a motor with both a shunt and


a series field.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

The dots that appear on the two field coils have the
same meaning as the dots on a transformer: Current
flowing into a dot produces a positive magnetomotive
force. If current flows into the dots on both field
coils, the resulting magnetomotive forces combine to
produce a larger total magnetomotive force. This
situation is known as cumulative compounding.

If current flows into the dot on one field coil and out
of the dot on the other field coil, the resulting
magnetomotive forces subtract. This situation is known
as differential compounding.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

A compounded dc motor is a motor with both a shunt and


a series field.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

The Torque-Speed Characteristic of a Cumulatively


Compounded DC Motor

In the cumulatively compounded dc motor, there is a


component of flux which is constant and another
component which is proportional to its armature current
(and thus to its load). Therefore, the cumulatively
compounded motor has a higher starting torque than a
shunt motor (whose flux is constant), but a lower
starting torque than a series motor (whose entire flux
is proportional to armature current).
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

In a sense, the cumulatively compounded dc motor


combines the best features of both the shunt and the
series motors. Like a series motor, it has extra torque
for starting; like a shunt motor, it does not overspeed
at no load.
At light loads, the series field has a very small
effect, so the motor behaves
approximately as a shunt dc motor. As the load gets
very large, the series flux becomes quite important and
the torque-speed curve begins to look like a series
motor’s characteristic.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

The torque-speed characteristic of


a cumulatively compounded dc
motor compared to series and
shunt motors with the same full-load
rating.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

The torque-speed characteristic of a cumulatively


compounded dc motor compared to a shunt motor
with the same no-load speed.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR
The Torque-Speed Characteristic of a
Differentially Compounded DC Motor
In a differentially compounded dc motor, the shunt
magnetomotive force and series magnetomotive force
subtract from each other. This means that as the load
on the motor increases, IA increases and the flux in the
motor decreases. But as the flux decreases, the speed
of the motor increases. This speed increase causes
another increase in load, which further increases IA,
further decreasing the flux, and increasing the speed
again. The result is that a differentially compounded
motor is unstable and tends to run away. This
instability is much worse than that of a shunt motor
with armature reaction. It is so bad that a
differentially compounded motor is unsuitable for any
application.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

To make matters worse, it is impossible to start such a


motor. At starting conditions the armature current and
the series field current are very high. Since the
series flux subtracts from the shunt flux, the series
field can actually reverse the magnetic polarity of the
machine’s poles. The motor will typically remain still
or turn slowly in the wrong direction while burning up,
because of the excessive armature current. When this
type of motor is to be started, its series field must
be short-circuited, so that it behaves as an ordinary
shunt motor during the starting period. Because of the
stability problems of the differentially compounded dc
motor, it is almost never intentionally used.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

However, a differentially compounded motor can result


if the direction of power flow reverses in a
cumulatively compounded generator. For that reason, if
cumulatively compounded dc generators are used to
supply power to a system, they will have a reverse-
power trip circuit to disconnect them from the line if
the power flow reverses. No motor-generator set in
which power is expected to flow in both directions can
use a differentially compounded motor, and therefore it
cannot use a cumulatively compounded generator.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR
Speed Control in the Cumulatively
Compounded DC Motor
The techniques available for the control of speed in a
cumulatively compounded dc motor are the same as those
available for a shunt motor:

1. Change the field resistance RF.


2. Change the armature voltage VA.
3. Change the armature resistance RA.

The arguments describing the effects of changing RF or VA


are very similar to the arguments given for the shunt
motor. Theoretically, the differentially compounded dc
motor could be controlled in a similar manner. Since the
differentially compounded motor is almost never
used, that fact hardly matters.
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

Long Shunt Compound Motor – the series field coil is


connected in series with the armature coil while the
shunt field coil is connected across the series
combination
COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR

Short Shunt Compound Motor – the series field coil is


connected in series with the armature coil while the
shunt field coil is connected across the series
combination
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE

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