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Lesson 1 Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry

This document provides an overview of preliminary concepts in trigonometry. It defines trigonometry as the study of relationships between parts of a triangle, specifically the indirect measurement of line segments and angles. It discusses undefined terms, types of angles, angle pairs, angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal, units of angle measurement, conversions between radians and degrees, classifications of triangles, and the Pythagorean theorem. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate key concepts.

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MARIA ELIZA LOMUNTAD
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5K views6 pages

Lesson 1 Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry

This document provides an overview of preliminary concepts in trigonometry. It defines trigonometry as the study of relationships between parts of a triangle, specifically the indirect measurement of line segments and angles. It discusses undefined terms, types of angles, angle pairs, angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal, units of angle measurement, conversions between radians and degrees, classifications of triangles, and the Pythagorean theorem. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate key concepts.

Uploaded by

MARIA ELIZA LOMUNTAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRIGONOMETRY (BSEM 23)

LESSON 1
Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry
TRIGONOMETRY (BSEM 23)

LESSON 1
Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry

Definition of Trigonometry
Trigonometry is a branch of Mathematics which aims to study the relationships between the parts
of a triangle. It came from two Greek words namely trigonon and metron which mean triangle
measurement. The principal concern of trigonometry is the measurement of triangles, specifically, with the
indirect measurement of line segments and angles. It is also concerned with properties and its applications
in solving triangles.

Undefined Terms
These are commonly referred to as “building blocks” of Geometry and was labelled “undefined”
since these are no formal definition defining each of these terms. These terms are point, line, and plane.

Angles
An angle is a figure formed by two rays sharing a common point called the vertex. In trigonometry,
an angle is said to be in standard form if its vertex is located at the origin. The side of an angle that is
stationary and indicates the starting position of an angle is called the initial side. On the other hand, the
side which appears to be “travelling” and determines the angle measurement is called the terminal side.
Types of angles
1. Acute angle
2. Right angle
3. Obtuse angle
4. Straight angle
5. Reflex angle

Angle Pairs
1. Complementary angles
2. Supplementary angles
3. Vertical angles
4. Adjacent angles
5. Linear Pairs

LESSON 1: Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry


2
TRIGONOMETRY (BSEM 23)

Angles formed by Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal


A transversal is defined as a line that cuts lines resulting to a number of partitions on the line.

1. Alternate Interior angles


2. Alternate Exterior angles
3. Corresponding angles
4. Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal

Two Ways of Measuring Angles


While there are a lot of ways angles could be measured, there two most popular measurement unit
for angles – Degree and Radian measures.

The Degree Measure


An angle is said to have a measure of n degrees if the movement from the initial side to the
𝑛
terminal side of an angle is equal to 360 of the revolution made by the angle. It also follows that the arc
𝑛
intercepted by a central angle measuring n degrees measures of the circumference of the circle
360
containing it. An angle of 1 degree (1°) is also equivalent to 60 minutes (60’) and an angle measuring 1
minute (1’) is equal to 60 seconds (60”). In symbols:
1° = 60’
1’ = 60”
1° = 3600”

LESSON 1: Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry


3
TRIGONOMETRY (BSEM 23)

Let’s try: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate values

1. 35° = _______‘ 2. 4200” = _______° 3. 320’ = ____________”

The Radian Measure


An angle is said to measure one radian when a central angle intercepts an arc whose
measure, in length, is equal to the radius of the circle containing it.

r s

Conversion Between Radians and Degrees


Assume that ϴ Is a complete counterclockwise revolution. In that case, s = 2πr and thus,
2πr
ϴ=
𝑟

ϴ = 2π rad

Recall that one revolution is also equal to 360°, thus,


2π rad = 360°
π rad = 180°

Applying properties of equality, we can generate to equivalences here:


Dividing both sides by π: Dividing both sides by 180°
180° 𝜋
1 rad = = 1°
π 180°

LESSON 1: Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry


4
TRIGONOMETRY (BSEM 23)

Try this: Convert each angle measures to radians or degrees.

1. 60° = _____________ rad 3. 4π rad = ____________ °

𝜋
2. -120° = ___________ rad 4. rad = _____________ °
12

Triangle
A triangle is a closed plane figure made up of three line segments connected at their endpoints. For
any given triangle, the total measure of its interior angles is always equal 180 degrees.

Exercise: Solve for the measure of the unknown angle measures.

ф
1. α 2. ѳ 81°

43°
64° 40°

The Triangle Inequality Theorem


The triangle inequality theorem states that for any given triangle, the sum of any of its two sides is
always greater than its third side.

Exercise: Determine whether each of the given dimensions of a triangle exist or not.

1. 23 cm, 14 cm, & 16 cm


2. 3 in, 9 in, & 5 in
3. 21 m, 17 m, 4 m

LESSON 1: Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry


5
TRIGONOMETRY (BSEM 23)

Classifications of Triangles
A. According to number of congruent sides
1. Equilateral Triangle
2. Isosceles Triangles
3. Scalene Triangle

B. According to its interior angles


1. Acute Triangle
2. Obtuse Triangle
3. Right Triangle

The Pythagorean Theorem


Pythagorean Theorem states that for any given right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal
to the sum of the squares of its legs.

Try this: Solve for the unknown angle measures

6 cm
1. 8 cm 2.
15 ft

21 ft
x

LESSON 1: Preliminary Concepts in Trigonometry


6

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