Part 1 Computer Software Application Module

Course Guide
Course Title:
Computer Software Application Training
Course Description: s
This course provides an introduction to computer concepts and terminology,

and software applications used in business, industry and education. This course
includes computer components, word processing, spreadsheets, and presentation
management.
This course is composed of four subparts, to wit:
Unit I: Introduction to Computer and its Components

Unit II: Word Processing (MS Word)
Unit III: Spreadsheets (MS Excel)
Unit IV: Presentation Management (MS PowerPoint)
Course Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Identify the specifications & configurations of computer hardware.

2. Identify the role of an operating system.
3. Use word processing software to create, edit, and produce professional
documents.
4. Create spreadsheets and charts for problem-solving.
5. Use presentation software to create, edit, and produce professional
presentations.
Course Requirements:
Students are expected to submit the following requirements or outputs during

major exam.
Requirement/
Unit Title
Output
1 Introduction to Computer and its Components
2 Word Processing (MS Word) Exercises

3 Spreadsheets (MS Excel) Examination
4 Presentation Management (MS PowerPoint)

Computer Software Application
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AND ITS COMPONENTS
This topic will introduce computer and its components. A computer is a machine which
manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Computer systems and its operating system
as well as the hardware and software will also be introduced in this unit.
Learning Outcomes:
sustainable-environment.com.uk
After completing this unit, the students should be able to:

1. Understand the personal computer (PC), its operating system and its hardware and
software
Lesson 1.1 Introduction to Computer System
A general-purpose computer is divided into four major sections: the arithmetic and logic
unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (I/O). Busses, which
are often made up of groups of wires, connect these parts. The concepts are summarized in
Figure 1.1.
A central processing unit is made up of the control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O (as
well as other hardware that is closely related to these) (CPU). Early CPUs were made up of many
separate components, but since the mid-1970s, CPUs have been built on a single integrated
circuit known as a microprocessor.
Figure 1. An Idealized Personal Computer Internal Hardware Component
A fundamental understanding of this internal hardware component of a personal computer

will allow us to visualize the operation of any computer system. Even if it differs from the typical
specifications provided by computer shops today, this is the foundation of any Personal Computer
available today. The following section will incorporate this basic knowledge of Internal Hardware
Components into the existing Personal Computer specification.
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Exercises 1
Q1. Find out more about the history of the PC and its operating system by using the
Internet.
Q2. DDR5 is the most recent RAM for personal computers to be released. Give two
advantages of this new RAM over DDR4.
Q3. Compare and contrast Windows 10 over Windows 11.
Note: EXERCISES can be submitted in either softcopy or hardcopy (printed) format.

1. If you prefer to submit in softcopy, kindly save your file in the following format:
FamilyName_FirstName_Exe1 (ex: Abulencia_Roger_Exe1) and follow the
instruction in our Group Chat were to upload your file; and
2. If you prefer a hardcopy, kindly submit it to the College of Computer Studies Office.
Lesson 1.2 Introduction to Computer Components
Personal computers can now be assembled or built with various components based on
our requirements. If we know the components, we can now select them based on our specific
needs. Users who have a thorough understanding of all computer components will receive the
best specification for their daily tasks. A student developing Three Dimensional (3D) Games s,
for example, will select or assemble a Personal Computer with a powerful CPU, increased RAM
and hard disk capacity, and the best available video card and sound systems. Once we
understand the functionality of each component, there is no limit to the combinational complexity
that can be obtained.
A basic personal computer (PC) is divided into System Unit and other components that
are connected to it. The System Unit is frequently misidentified as the CPU or the Hard Disk. The
CPU and hard disk drive are only two of the System Unit's components. The overall mapping of
PC components is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. The overall mapping of PC components

Items Component(s) Notes
System Unit Casing, Power Supply, Motherboard All these components are assembled as
installed with CPU, RAM and Drive System Unit. HDD, and CD-ROM Drive
Controller, Hard Disk Drive (HDD) , are connected to the motherboard using
CD- ROM Drive, Video Card SATA cables.
Monitor Standalone component Monitor is connected to the System unit
(video card)
Keyboard Standalone component Keyboard is connected to the
motherboard USB connector
Mouse Standalone component Mouse is connected to the motherboard
USB connector
Printer Standalone component Printer is connected to the motherboard
USB connector
Scanner Standalone component Scanner is connected to the
motherboard USB connector
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1.2.1 System Unit
System Unit consists of several components:
 Casing or Computer Case
The casing or computer case is used to house components such as the power
supply, the motherboard, which contains the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Random
Access Memory (RAM), the hard disk, and the Compact Disk (CD) drive. There are two types
of casings on the market: tower and desktop.
The tower model stands upright in a vertical position, making it easy to place on the
floor. There are three tower options: mini-tower (2 CD ROM Drive slots), mid-tower (3 CD
ROM Drive slots), and full tower case (5 CD ROM Drive slots). The type of tower design
chosen is usually determined by the number of components required for each PC. For
example, a user who needs two CD-ROM drives, two hard disk drives, and two CPUs
installed with the motherboard, will chose a full tower case.
a) b)
Figure 2. a) Example of tower model casing; and b) PCs with mini tower model casing
 Power Supply
The case includes a computer power supply. There are two types of power supplies
available: AT Model and ATX Model. The AT power supply is an older model that has been
replaced by an ATX model that allows the computer to be shut down using an operating
system such as Windows XP. To shut down the computer, the user had to physically push
the on/off button on the old power supply model (AT).
Figure 3. ATX Power Supply

 Motherboard
This is the place of the computer's core components. This board also houses the
video, sound, networking, and other cards. Figure 4 depicts an example of a motherboard.
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Figure 4. Motherboard
The motherboard's major components include the chipset, CPU socket, expansion
sockets, I/O support, Basic Input Output System (BIOS), RAM sockets, power supply socket,
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) chip, dipswitches and jumpers, and the
memory cache.
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
This is the brain of the personal computer. It executes commands and instructions
and controls the computer's operation. Intel Corporation and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
Corporation are the two major CPU manufacturers on the market today. Every year, both
companies release a new CPU model and specification that features a new design and faster
processing power. Processor type, processor speed (in Gigahertz (GHz)), bus speed (in
Megahertz (MHz)), and L2 cache size (in Kilobytes (KB) are the four most common CPU
specifications.
Table 2. Example of CPU specification for a PC

CPU Specification Values Explanation
Processor Type Xeon This is one of the Intel Corporation’s Family of CPU
Processor Speed 1.4 GHz The CPU speed of 1.4 Gigahertz
Bus Speed 400 MHz The Bus Speed must be supported by the motherboard
L2 Cache Size 256 KB Higher size of L2 Cache enhanced the processing
ability of the CPU
Figure 5. Example of a CPU (Core i7 Processor)
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 Random Access Memory (RAM)
The RAM in PC system is mounted on the motherboard. This is memory that must be
powered on in order for its contents to be retained. Random Access Memory (RAM) is also
known as volatile memory. When the computer is turned off, the contents of RAM are erased.
RAM chips in computers store the data and programs that the microprocessor is currently
processing. RAM is memory that stores frequently used data for quick retrieval by the
processor.
A higher RAM allows a computer to store and process larger programs and files. The
amount and type of memory in the system can significantly impact system performance.
RAM is classified into two types. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and Static RAM (SRAM)
(DRAM). SRAM is more expensive, but it is faster. It will only keep data for as long as there
is power. SRAM is a type of cache memory. DRAM is cheap and slow, but it is very dense for
its size. DRAM stores data in tiny capacitors that must be refreshed in order for the data to
be maintained. The data is lost when the power is turned off.
Double Data Rate 5 (DDR5) Synchronous Dynamic (SD) RAM is the most recent type
of RAM available in the market. RAM and other PC components are rapidly evolving, and one
model of RAM or other components typically lasts less than two years. DDR5 SDRAM (Dual
Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory) is a type of synchronous
dynamic random-access memory. DDR5 SDRAM was designed to consume less power while
doubling bandwidth over its predecessor DDR4 SDRAM. The standard, originally targeted for
2018, was released on 14 July 2020.
 Cache Memory
Cache is a specialized form of computer chip that is designed to enhance memory

performance. Cache memory stores frequently used information and transfers it to the
processor much faster than RAM. Most personal computers have two separate memory
cache levels: Level 1 (L1) cache is located on the CPU and Level 2 (L2) cache is located
between the CPU and DRAM Cache Memory.
L1 cache is faster than L2 because it is located within the CPU and runs at same
speed as the CPU. It is the first place the CPU looks for its data. If data is not found in L1
cache, the search will then continue with L2 cache, and then on to RAM. As an example,
Intel XEON CPU has L2 Cache size of 256 Kilobit as part of the CPU which can be used to
speed up the processing time of the computer.
 Drive controllers
The drive controllers control the interface of your system to hard disk drives and the
CD ROM Drives. The controllers let your hard drives and CD ROM Drives work by
controlling their operation. On most PCs, they are included on the motherboard and each
of their feature(s) is described in the motherboard manual which comes with the PC when
we purchased them.
 Hard disk drive(s)
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is used to stored data and the Operating System on the PC.
It has a more complex design and provides a greater speed of access. The HDD has a
much larger storage capacity than the floppy for long-term storage. Typically, the HDD is
installed inside the Casing as an internal drive and cannot be seen outside the System Unit.
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Figure 6. Hard Disk Drive (SATA and IDE)
 CD-ROM Drive and DVD-ROM Drive
This is normally a read only drive where files are permanently stored. There are
now read/write CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drives that use special software to allow users to
read from and write to these drives. CD-ROM Drive with writable capability has become
important for data backup purpose. Exiting CD-ROM Drive can be used to backup data up
700 Megabytes (MB) of data in a single CD. Slowly, CD-ROM drive is replacing the
functionality of Floppy Disk Drive (FDD). Figure 7 shows example of CD-ROM drive.
Figure 7. CD-ROM Drive (Internal)

 Video Cards
The video card is an expansion card that allows the computer to send graphical
information to a video display device such as a monitor, TV, or projector.
A staggering number of companies manufacture video cards, but almost every one
includes a graphics processing unit (GPU) from either NVIDIA Corporation or AMD.
Figure 8. Video Card
 Monitor
This device which operates like a TV set lets the user see how the computer is
responding to our commands. Monitors are available in different types, sizes, and
characteristics. Understanding the characteristics of a good monitor will help determine
which is best suited for a specific system. Some key monitor-related terms are: pixels, dot
pitch, refresh rate, color depth, resolution, and size.
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Pixels are picture elements. The screen image is made of pixels (tiny dots), which
are arranged in rows across the screen. Each pixel consists of three colors: red, green, and
blue (RGB).
Dot pitch is a measurement of how close together the phosphor dots are on the
screen. The finer the dot pitch, the better image quality you will have. Look for the smaller
number. Most monitors today have a 0.25mm dot pitch. Some have a 0.22mm dot pitch,
which gives a very fine resolution.
The refresh rate is the rate per seconds that the screen image is refreshed. Refresh
rates are measured in Hertz (HZ), which means times per second. The higher the refresh
rate, the more steady the screen image will be. It may look like a steady picture, but actually
it flickers every time the electron beam hits the phosphor-coated dots. Refresh rate is also
called vertical frequency or vertical refresh rate.
Color Depth refers to the number of different colors each pixel can display. This
number is measured in bits. The higher the depth, the more colors that can be produced.
Resolution varies based on the number of pixels. The more pixels in the screen, the
better the resolution. Better resolution means a sharper image. The lowest screen
resolution on modern PCs is 640 x 480 pixels, which is called VGA (Video Graphics Array).
There are now SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) and XGA (Extended Graphics Array)
with resolutions all the way up to 1600 x 1200.
 Keyboard
A keyboard is for putting information including letters, words and numbers into your
computer. You press the individual buttons on the keyboard when you type. The number keys
across the top of the keyboard are also found on the right of the keyboard. The letter keys
are in the center of the keyboard.
Some other devices are also important in personal computer. The following items summarize the
devices:
 A Modem is a device that converts the digital data used by computers into analog
signals that are suitable for transmission over a telephone line and converts the analog
signals back to digital signals at the destination.
 A Network Interface Card (NIC), also known as a network adapter, is used to connect
a local computer to a group of other computers so they can share data and resources
in a networked environment.
 Universal Serial Bus (USB) port allows user to connect up to 127 external PC
peripherals, including USB keyboards, mice, printers, modems, scanners, and external
disk drives.
Exercises 2
Q1. Using the Internet, find out more information about the personal computer (PC) and its
components.
Q2. What is the difference between DVD ROM and CDROM?
Q3. Compare and contrast a handy drive with a hard drive.
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Lesson 1.3 Operating System
An operating system (OS) is a software that manages the sharing of a computer's

resources and provides programmers with an interface for accessing those resources. An
operating system is a program that processes system data and user input and responds by
allocating and managing tasks and internal system resources as a service to system users and
programs. An operating system serves as the foundation for all system software, controlling and
allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating
networking, and managing file systems. Most operating systems include a user interface for
managing the operating system, such as a command line interpreter or graphical user interface.
As illustrated in Figure 9, the operating system serves as a platform for other system software
and application software.
Figure 9. Operating System as a platform for other applications and devices
Operating system is also the most important program that runs on a computer. To run
other programs, every general-purpose computer must have an operating system. Operating
systems perform fundamental tasks like recognizing keyboard input, sending output to the display
screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices like
disk drives and printers. Table 1.5 contains some examples of operating systems.
Table 3. Examples of Operating System

Unix/BSD UNIX System V, AIX, HP-UX, Solaris (SunOS), IRIX, List of
BSD operating systems
Operating GNU/Linux List of Linux distributions, Comparison of Linux distributions

system
Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows XP,
Windows Windows Vista, Windows CE, Windows 7, Windows 10,
Windows 11
DOS 86-DOS (QDOS), PC-DOS, MS-DOS, FreeDOS
Mac OS Mac OS classic, Mac OS X
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1.3.1 Getting Started with Windows 10
The Windows 10 Interface
Upon logging into your computer, you will be taken to the computer's Desktop. The Desktop
layout is as follows:
1. Desktop Shortcuts – Shortcuts to files, folders, and the Recycle Bin (See Figure 10).
2. The Taskbar – Like in previous versions of Windows, the taskbar provides access to the
Start Menu, shortcuts to programs, as well as volume and date/time control (See Figure
10).
3. The Start Button – Found on the bottom left of your screen, the Start button allows you
to access computer programs and configuration options such as Windows Settings (See
Figure 10).
4. Windows Search – Allows you to search for programs, folders, and files (See Figure 10).
5. Task View – A new feature in Windows 10 that gives you access to a task switcher tool
as well as a Virtual Desktop (See Figure 10).
6. File Explorer – Formerly known as Windows Explorer, File Explorer is a file manager
application that allows you to access files and folders on the computer (See Figure 10).
7. Taskbar Programs – Provides quick access to open or pinned programs (See Figure
10).
8. Volume Adjustment – Allows you to adjust the computer's volume (See Figure 10).
9. Date/Time – Access the Date/Time options (See Figure 10).
Figure 10. Windows 10 Desktop
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Opening Programs
The following explains how to open a program such as Microsoft Word in Windows 10:
1. Click the Start button.
2. Click the letter A, located on the program list.
3. A list of letters will appear. Click W to be taken to those programs that begin with the letter
'W'.
4. Click Word 2016.
Searching for Programs
Alternatively, you can search for a program by typing the program name after clicking the
Start button. The following explains how to search for a program in Windows 10:
2. Begin to type the name of the program that you wish to open. For example, "Word
2016."
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3. A list of programs will appear. Click Word 2016.
Saving Documents
When you are working with a document in a program, such as Microsoft Word, you should
save frequently as to avoid losing data unexpectedly due to power failure or other problems. You
can save your documents to either the computer's local hard drive or an external USB drive.
Saving to the Hard Drive

The following explains how to save to your hard drive:
1. In Microsoft Word, click the File tab
2. Click Save.
3. The Save As dialog box appears. Select the location to save the file to (See Figure 11).
4. In the File Name field, type the name of your document (See Figure 11).
5. Click Save (See Figure 11).
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Figure 11. Saving a File
Saving to an External Drive

The following explains how to save a document to an external drive:
1. Locate the USB Port on your computer and connect your USB Storage Device.
2. In Microsoft Word, click the File tab.
3. Click Save As.
4. The Save As screen appears. Click Browse.
5. The Save As window appears. Click the external drive that you wish to save to (see
Figure 11).
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6. In the file name field, type the name of your document (see Figure 11).
7. Click Save (see Figure 11).
Figure 11. Saving to an External Hard Drive
Removing External Drives
When using a USB device, it is important to disconnect the device properly to avoid the
loss of data. Before unplugging a storage device, such as a USB flash drive or external hard
drive, make sure that the computer has completed saving, any files saved on the device or closed,
and if the device(s) has an activity light, wait a few seconds after the light has finished flashing
before unplugging it.
1. Locate the USB icon located on the right side of the taskbar.
2. Click the USB icon. The Eject Device window will be displayed.
3. Click the Eject option located next to the USB device you wish to disconnect.
4. Your device will be disconnected. Remove your USB device from the computer.
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Printing
The following explains how to print a document from Microsoft Word:
1. Click the File tab.

2. Click Print.
3. The Print Options and Print Preview screen appears. In the Copies field, set the number
of copies you wish to print (See Figure 12).
4. Select your preferred printer under the Printer field (See Figure 12).
5. To select a specific page range to print, use the Pages field (See Figure 12).
6. You may also set additional print options such as the number of sides, orientation, paper
type, margins, etc. (See Figure 12).
7. Click Print. Your document will be printed (See Figure 12).
Figure 12. Print Options
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The Windows Taskbar
The Taskbar is located along the bottom frame of your monitor. With it, you can access
the Start button, view running programs, and view the date/time and volume adjustment features.
You can also arrange opened windows/programs (either Cascade, Stacked or Side by
side) by right-clicking the Taskbar and selecting from the menu that pops up. All of your non-
minimized windows will be instantly organized base from the menu you have selected.
Organizing the Taskbar
The following explains how to rearrange buttons on the taskbar:
1. Click and hold the program that you wish to move.
2. Drag the program to a different location on the taskbar.
3. Drop the program by releasing the mouse.
Pinning a Program to the Taskbar
You may pin programs to the taskbar. In doing so, these programs will remain on the
taskbar even when they are not open. The following explains how to pin programs to the taskbar:
1. Click the Start button (See Figure 13).

2. Navigate to the program that you wish to pin to the taskbar (See Figure 13).
3. Right-click the program that you wish to pin to the taskbar (See Figure 13).
4. Click the More button (See Figure 13).
5. Click Pin to Taskbar (See Figure 13).
Figure 13. Pinning Programs
Removing a Program from the Taskbar
You may also remove programs from the taskbar if so desired. The following explains
how to do so:
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2. Right-click the program that you wish to remove from the taskbar (See Figure 14).
3. Click Unpin from Taskbar (See Figure 14).
Figure 14. Unpin from the Taskbar
Creating Folders on the Desktop
The following explains how to create folders on the desktop:
1. Right-click the desktop.
2. Select the New icon.
3. Click Folder.
4. A new folder will appear on the desktop. Enter your preferred name for the folder and
press the Enter key.
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Managing Files and Folders
Windows 10 provides a variety of options when working with files and folders. The
following sections provides insight on working with and managing files and folders in Windows
10:
Searching for Programs and Files from the Start Menu
You may quickly access programs, files and/or folders from your Start Menu. The
following explains how to do so:
2. Begin typing the name of the program, file, or folder that you wish to open.
3. Your search results will appear. Click the program, file, or folder that you wish to open.
Searching for files from Windows Explorer
You may also search for files and folders from Windows Explorer. The following explains
how to do so:
1. Click the Windows Explorer icon, located on the Windows Taskbar.
2. The File Explorer will appear. Click This PC to search for files located on your PC.
3. In Search This PC, type the name of the file or folder that you wish to find.
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4. A list of files and folders matching your search terms will appear. Double-click the file or
folder that you would like to open.
Moving Files and Folders
Windows 10 allows you to move your files and folders from one location to another. The
1. Navigate to the file or folder that you wish to move.
2. Right-click the file or folder you wish to move.
3. Click Cut.
4. Navigate to the folder location that you wish to move your file or folder to.
5. Right-click inside the folder and click Paste.
Copying Files and Folders
Windows 10 allows you to copy your files and folders from one location to another. The
1. Navigate to the file or folder that you wish to move.
2. Right-click the file or folder you wish to move.
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3. Click Copy.
4. Navigate to the folder location that you wish to move your file or folder to.
5. Right-click inside the folder and click Paste.
Renaming Files and Folders
There may be times in which you will need to rename your files and folders. For example,
you may require multiple versions of a file or folder and need to differentiate between the versions:
1. Navigate to the file or folder that you wish to rename.
2. Right-click the file or folder that you wish to rename.
3. Click Rename.
4. Type the new name of the file or folder.
5. Press Enter on your keyboard when you are done.
Deleting Files or Folders
The following explains how to delete files or folders from your computer:
1. Navigate to and click the file or folder that you wish to delete.
2. Press the Delete key on your keyboard.
3. On your Desktop, double-click the Recycle Bin.
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4. Right-click anywhere in the Recycle Bin.
5. Click Empty Recycle Bin to completely delete the file or folder from your computer.
Restoring Deleted Files or Folders
If you have not emptied your Recycle Bin, you may restore your deleted files to their
original file location. The following explains how to do so:
1. Double-click to open the Recycle Bin.
2. Right-click the file or folder that you wish to restore (see Figure 15).
3. Click Restore. Your file will be restored to its original location (see Figure 15).
Figure 15. Restoring Deleted Files/Folders
Libraries
Libraries are user-defined collections of folders that are logical representations of user
content. By including folders in Libraries, you are telling Windows where important data is
located. Furthermore, these libraries provide a quick and easy way to organize your important
data. To access libraries:
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1. From the Taskbar, click the Windows Explorer button.
2. The File Explorer window will appear. Your libraries will appear on the left-hand menu and
include the Desktop, Downloads, Documents, and Pictures.
Preview Pane
When viewing files in File Explorer, you now have the ability to preview a file before
opening it. When you click on a file, a preview will appear on the right-hand side of the window.
Changing Views
The View is useful when you need to see information such as size, format, and author
quickly when browsing through files. These views include: Content, Tiles, Details, List, Small
Icons, Medium Icons, Large Icons, Extra Large Icons. To change the view:
1. In File Explorer, click View, located on the top menu bar.
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2. The View toolbar appears. Here, you have the following views:
a. Extra-large icons – View extra-large icons for files and folders.
b. Medium icons – View medium size icons for files and folders.
c. List – View files and folders in list format.
d. Large icons – View files and folders as a large icon in File Explorer.
e. Small icons – View files and folders as a small icon in File Explorer.
f. Details – View files and folders as well as assorted details.
Exercises 3
Exercise 3-1
Instruction:
 Take a video while doing the Exercise 3-1.
1. Open any 5 windows/programs.
2. Show how to change from one active window/program to another.
3. Show how you can move Window/Program across screen.
4. Show how to resize windows (minimize, maximize and manual resize).
5. Arrange all opened windows in cascade, stacked and side by side order.
6. Show how you can minimize all working windows with single command.
7. Close all opened windows one by one.
8. Show how you can shutdown or restart your system.
 Rename your video to FamilyName_FirstName_Exe3-1.
Exercise 3-2
Instruction:
 Take also a video while doing the Exercise 3-2.
1. Create the following folder/directory structure in your system.
Desktop
Your Name
Folder1 File1.txt File2.txt Folder2
Folde3 Folder5
File3.txt
Folder4
File4.txt
File5.txt
 Rename your video to FamilyName_FirstName_Exe3-2.
Note: You can submit the video to my Messenger Account.
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UNIT II: WORD PROCESSING (MS WORD)
Microsoft Word is a powerful word processing program. This is a hands-on workshop

designed to help students become more proficient in creating and editing documents in Microsoft
Word. Working with the Ribbon, Accessing available templates, Document formatting, Spell and
Grammar checking, Inserting and formatting graphic images, Working with page layouts, Using
track changes, creating and formatting tables, and Printing a document are among the topics
covered.
Learning Outcomes:
sustainable-environment.com.uk
After completing this unit, the students should be able to:

1. Create a word processing documents and understand word processing fundamentals.
Lesson 2.1 Getting Started with MS Word 2013
To start Word 2013, click on the Start button, select All Programs, select Microsoft
Office, and then select Microsoft Word 2013 from the menu options.
A Microsoft Word Icon may also be available on your desktop for quick access.
Double click on the icon to start the application.
2.1.1 Window and Ribbon Features

The screen shot below displays the primary components of the Word 2013 interface.
Quick Access Toolbar Title bar
File tab
Ribbon
Ribbon Collapse
Insertion point
Horizontal ruler
Document window Scroll bar
Vertical ruler
Status bar View Options Zoom slider
Figure 53. MS Word Window
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A. Terms
The table below consists of definitions for the Microsoft Office features.
Table 4. Microsoft Office Features

Term Description
1 Quick Access Displays quick access to commonly used commands.
Toolbar
4 File Tab The File tab has replaced the Office button in 2007. This area
is called the Backstage which helps you to manage the
Microsoft application and provides access to its options such
as Open, New, Save As, Print, etc.
2 Ribbon Tab Title or name of the specific Ribbon.
3 Ribbon Displays groups of related commands within tabs.
Each tab provides buttons for commands.
5 Group Contain category of command buttons.
6 Show Dialog Box Show additional options.
B. Use the Ribbon options to select and process your commands.
Microsoft Word 2013 uses Tabs instead of menus to organize various functions. In
addition, command buttons have been placed in a Group within the Ribbon. The Dialog
Box Launcher in a group shows additional options.
Figure 54. MS Word Ribbon
2.1.2 File Tab
The File tab provides you with the Backstage that provides information pertaining to your
document and options to help setup your window defaults. The Backstage also contains
standard commands such as, Save, Save As, New, Print, etc.
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Figure 55. File Tab
2.1.3 Templates
Microsoft Office has a variety of predesigned templates within specific categories.
A. Open Templates
1. Select the File tab, and then click on the New option.
2. The Available Templates window will appear.
Figure 56. Templates
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2.1.4 Window Options
The Microsoft Word application allows you to customize setting and preferences as you
work within your Word document.
A. Set options
1. Click on the File tab, and then select the Options item.
2. The Word Options window will appear. This is where you can choose your desired
settings and preferences.
Figure 57. Word Options
2.1.5 Customize Your Ribbon

You can easily customize the Ribbon to suit your needs by creating new tabs and filling
them with the commands you use the most.
A. Customize Ribbon commands
1. Click on the File tab, and then select the Options Item.
2. The Word Options window will appear.
Figure 58. Selecting Commands under Word Options
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3. Click on the Customize Ribbon option.
4. From the Choose commands from list, click on your desired ribbon option, and then click
on the Add button to place it in the Customize the Ribbon list.
5. Click on the OK button.
2.1.6 Quick Access Toolbar

Microsoft Word 2013 has a Quick Access Toolbar, so you can have quick access to
your most used commands.
Figure 59. Most used commands in Quick Access Toolbar
1. To add your most used commands to the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the drop-down
arrow next to the Quick Access Toolbar.
2. The Customize Quick Access Toolbar option panel will appear.
Figure 60. Quick Access Toolbar Option Panel
3. Click on your desired command option to be placed on the Quick Access Toolbar.
2.1.7 Save
1. Click on the File tab, then select the Save As option to save a document permanently to
your hard drive or other storage device.(The instructor will give an instruction where to
save document.)
2. The Save As window will appear.
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Figure 61. Save As Window
3. In the Directory sections on the left side of the window, click on the icon where you wish
to save your document. In this exercise click on the Desktop.
4. In the File Name box, type your desired document name, and then click on the Save
button.
2.1.8 Select Text
You must select text before you can change the format. You can use the mouse to select
text in a variety of ways which is explained in the table below.
Table 5. Variety of Ways on How to Select Text

Select Action
any text Click at the beginning of the area and press the Shift key as you
click at the end of the area. You can also drag across the text you
want to select.
a word Double click on the word.
a line Place the mouse pointer in the left margin. Position the mouse
pointer next to the desired line and click once.
multiple lines Place the mouse pointer in the left margin next to the first desired
line and click once. Then press the Ctrl key and click additional
lines to select them.
a sentence Press the Ctrl key and click anywhere in the sentence.
a paragraph Place the mouse pointer in the left margin and double click next
to any line in the paragraph.
multiple paragraphs Click at the beginning of the first paragraph then hold the mouse
button down while dragging through your desired paragraphs.
a document Press the Ctrl key then place the mouse pointer
anywhere in the left margin and click once.
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2.1.9 Margins
Microsoft Word 2013 margins are defaulted to 1 inch for the top and bottom, and 1 inch
for the left and right. To change your margins, use the Margin button found on the Page Layout
ribbon.
Figure 62. Page Layout
A. Create Margins
1. Select the entire document text, by pressing the Ctrl key, then place the mouse pointer
anywhere on the left margin, and then click once on the right mouse button.
2. Select the Page Layout tab.
3. In the Page Setup group, click on the Margins button.
4. The predesigned margins panel will appear.
Figure 63. Margin Options
5. Change the margin by selecting the top margin button (top and bottom 0.5” – Left and
Right 0.5”).
Note: If you prefer a margin not listed, then click on Custom Margins at the bottom of the
panel to customize your margin. The Page Setup window will appear, and then make
your desired margin choices from the window options.
2.1.10 Line Spacing
Microsoft Word 2013 defaults the line spacing to double space (2.0). Line spacing affects
an entire paragraph or document. Use the Line Spacing button on the Home Ribbon to change
line spacing.
A. Add Spacing
1. Make sure the entire document is still selected.
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Figure 64. Line Spacing Option
2. Click on the Home tab. On the Paragraph group, click on the Line Spacing button, and
then select 1.5.
2.1.11 Format a Document
Formats can be applied to any text within your document. The formatting styles are the
most common way to change the appearance of text in a document.
A. Apply Format
Figure 65. Formatting Text
1. Select text, and then click on your desired format from the Home ribbon.
Format Option Examples:

 Click on the Bold button to make text bold.
 Click on Italic the button to italicize text.
 Click on the Underline button to add an underline to text.
 Click on the Bullets button to add a bulleted list to text.
 Click on the Numbering button to add a numbered list to text.
Note: Microsoft Word Mini Toolbar feature gives you quick access to common formatting
commands. The mini toolbar appears faintly when you select text in your document. If you
want to use this mini toolbar, you can activate it by hovering the mouse pointer on the toolbar
and making your selections. If you prefer not to use the toolbar, you can continue working
within the document and the toolbar will disappear.
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2.1.12 Additional Font Options
Additional font options are available, such as font effects, special styles and previewing
font changes. You can view additional options by clicking on the Home tab, and then click on the
Dialog box launcher on the Font group.
A. Add All Caps
1. Place the Insertion point before the first line of the document.
2. Type the text, Roof top gardens, and then press twice on the Enter key.
3. Select your new title text, and then click on the Bold button.
Dialog box launcher
Figure 66. Dialog Box Launcher
4. While the title text is still selected, click on the Dialog box launcher on the Font group.
5. The Font window will appear.
Figure 67. Font Dialog Box
6. In the Effects area, click on the check box next to All caps, and then click on the OK
button.
Note: The Font window contains additional formats you can select from.
2.1.13 Text Alignment
Microsoft Word 2013 aligns paragraphs four different ways relative to the left and right
margins: left, center, right and justified. The Word 2013 default paragraph alignment is left. You
can change paragraph alignment by clicking on an Alignment button, located on the Home ribbon
on the Paragraph group.
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Figure 68. Text Alignment Option
Alignment Option Examples:

 First button - Align Text Left
 Second button - Center Text
 Third button - Align Text Right
 Fourth button - Justify Text
A. Add Center Alignment
1. Select the title text, ROOF TOP GARDENS, and then click on the Center button.
2.1.14 View Modes
Microsoft Word 2013 has five view modes.
Figure 69. View Modes
Table 6. View Modes Description

View Name Description
Read Mode The best way to read a document, including some tools designed for
reading instead of writing.
Print Layout Check out how your document will look when it’s printed.
Web Layout See how your document will look as a webpage.
This layout is also great if you have wide tables in your document.
Outline See your document in outline form where content is shown as bulleted
points.
This view is useful for creating headings and moving whole paragraphs
within the document.
Draft Switch your view to see just the text in your document.
This is useful for quick editing because headers/footers and certain objects
won’t show up, allowing you to focus on your text.
2.1.15 Spelling and Grammar Checks
Microsoft Word 2013 automatically checks for incorrect spelling and grammar. As you
type the document, Word uses wavy red underlines to indicate possible spelling errors and
wavy green underlines to indicate possible grammatical errors. To correct an error, right-click
on a word with a wavy underline, and then click on the correction from the option panel that you
desire. You can also edit the error directly in the document if no suggestions are applicable.
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Note: To use additional spelling and grammar options, select the Review tab. In the
Proofing group, click on the Spelling & Grammar button.
2.1.16 Page Breaks and Section Breaks
Page Breaks and Section Breaks can be inserted anywhere within a document.
A. Insert Page Break
1. Select the Page Layout tab, and then click on the Breaks button.
2. A Page Break panel will appear with the Page and Section Break options.
3. Select the Page option. This will insert a page break that will place you on a new page in
the document.
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2.1.17 Tables
Tables offer a convenient way to display information that might otherwise be confusing
and cluttered. Text is neatly formatted in a table without setting tab stops as shown below.
Table 7. Sample of Table
Microsoft Office Training

Seminar Time Location
Word Processing 9:00 – 10:30 Room A
Spreadsheet 9:00 – 10:00 Room B
Presentation 11:00 – 12:00 Room A
Database 10:45 – 11:45 Room B
A. Create a Table
The Table Tools tab only appears when a table is selected.
Figure 70. Table Tools
To create a table in Microsoft Word, click on the Insert ribbon. The Table button is the
only one option on the Tables group.
Figure 71. Table button

1. Click on the Insert ribbon, and then click on the Table button.
2. The Table panel will appear.
Figure 72. Table panel
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3. Select two rows and two columns as seen above. To insert a table onto your document
move the mouse pointer over the number of rows and columns you desire. The cell
selection will be highlighted as you move the mouse. When the desired rows and columns
are highlighted, click on the last cell.
Seminar Time
Word Processing 9:00 AM to 10:30 AM
4. Type the information in the table shown above. The insertion point will appear in the first
cell of the table. Type text in the first cell, and then use the Tab key on the keyboard to
move from one cell to the next.
5. After you type the information in the last cell, press the Tab key. Word automatically
inserts a new blank row.
Spreadsheet 11:00 AM – 12:30 PM

Presentation 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM
Database 2:30 PM – 4:00 PM
6. Type the text seen above as you insert new rows.
2.1.18 Edit a Table
A. Move within a Table
Moving the insertion point and selecting text in a table is very similar to the ways you do
so for regular text in a document. However, there are some procedures that are unique to tables
as illustrated below.
Table 8. Moving the insertion point and selecting text procedure

Procedure Description
Tab and (Shift + Tab) Use the Tab key to move from left to right; use Shift+Tab to
move from right to left.
Keyboard Arrow Keys The up and down arrows will move up and down rows.
Move the insertion point Use the Mouse to position the cursor as needed.
To select a single cell Click three times inside the cell or drag over the cell's contents.
To select an entire row Place the mouse pointer on the left margin, pointing to the row
than click once or drag over row cell’s contents.
To select an entire Click the column’s top gridline/border or drag over column cell’s
column contents.
To select the entire table Single click on the table move handle on the top left corner of
table or press the Alt key and double click in any cell of the table.
B. Adjust Column Width
Columns in a new table are always the same width. It is often necessary to change the
width of one or more columns in the table, so that text or data can be seen.
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1. Position the mouse pointer on the column boundary (right-side of the column – seen
below). The mouse pointer appears as a double vertical line with left and right arrows.
Hold down the left mouse button, and then drag the mouse pointer either left or right to
change the width. Release the mouse button when you are satisfied with the new width.

2. AutoFit is a feature that will automatically adjust the column width to accommodate the
widest text entry in the column. To AutoFit the entire table, place the mouse pointer at
the left most column boundary, when the mouse pointer appears as a double vertical line
with left and right arrows, then double click on the left mouse button.
3. Another method is to click in the cell within the column to be resized, then on Table Tools,
click on the Layout tab, and in the Width box, click on the up (increase) or down
(decrease) arrow to change the width.
C. Insert Rows or Columns
To insert a column, select a cell in the desired column where the new column will be
inserted to the right or left.
1. Insert a column to the right of the table. Click in any cell on the last column, on the Table
Tools ribbon, click on the Layout tab located in the Row & Columns group, and then
click on the Insert Right button. The new column will appear.
Seminar Time
Word Processing 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM
2. Type the information below in the new column, press the down arrow on the keyboard
after each entry:
Location
Room A
Room B
Room A
Room B
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3. Insert a new row at the top of the table. Click anywhere in the first row.
4. On the Table Tools ribbon, click on the Layout tab located in the Row & Columns group,
and then click on the Insert Above button. The new row will appear.
Seminar Time Location

Word Processing 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM Room A
Spreadsheet 11:00 AM – 12:30 PM Room B
Presentation 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM Room A
Database 2:30 PM – 4:00 PM Room B
5. Type Computer Training in the first cell.
D. Merge Cells
Computer
Training
1. To combine two or more adjacent cells, first select those cells.
2. On the Table Tools ribbon, click on the Layout tab located in the Merge group, and then
click on the Merge Cell button.
Computer Training
3. The multiple cells will merge into one cell, and then format your text if desired.
E. Delete Cells, Rows, Columns and Table
To delete a Cell, Row, Column or Table, select cell/s to be deleted, then on the Table
Tools ribbon, click on the Layout tab located in the Row & Columns group, and then click on the
Delete button. The delete options will appear.
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2.1.19 Format a Table
AutoFormat has numerous table formats that may be applied to your table. These
different Table Styles may affect the style of the lines or borders in the table, the justification of
text and font formats. If your Word document contains more than one table, each table may have
its own format. Try to make all editing changes to the table before using AutoFormat.
A. AutoFormat
1. Apply AutoFormat to your Table that was created.

2. Select your Table.
3. On the Table Tools ribbon, click on the Design tab located in the Table Styles group,
and then click on the drop-down arrow to view multiple formats to select from.
4. Click on a Table Style of your choice.
Note: Shading and Borders can also be applied to one or more cells. The Shading and Border
buttons are located in the Table Styles group as well.
B. Text Format and Alignment

Text within a table can be formatted the same way you format text in other areas of the
document. Use the command buttons found on the Home ribbon.
2.1.20 Print a Document
Click on the File tab and select the Print option to print your current document. This will
display the Print window options, along with a preview of the document to the right, such as the
range of pages to print and the number of copies to print.
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The default printer is the printer that your applications will use unless you specify
otherwise. To change printers, click on the drop-down arrow next to Printer Name. This will
display a list of installed printers and allow you to select another printer.
1. Select your desired options in the Print window.

2. Click on the Print button to print your document.
2.1.20 Illustrations Quick Reference
The instructions in this section are a quick reference that will help you add illustrations
onto your document.
The Microsoft Illustrations group allows you to insert pictures, shapes, smart art, and
charts into your document. These options will enhance the layout and appearance of your
documents.
Drawing Tools and Picture Tools tabs only appear when a graphic image is selected.
A. Add a Picture
Microsoft Office is equipped with a Picture folder with several photo selections. You can also
save additional photos to the Picture folder or create a new folder for your pictures. From the
Insert ribbon, you can add a picture to your document:
1. Click on the Picture button, from the Illustrations

group.
2. Navigate to your desired Picture folder.
3. Select a photo.
4. Click on the Insert button.
B. Online Pictures
Within Microsoft Office there are numerous online

pictures (clip art and stock photographs) to illustrate a specific
topic. From the Insert ribbon, add a graphic to your document:
1. Click on the Online Pictures button, from the

Illustration group.
2. The Insert Picture window will appear.
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3. In the Search box, type your desire graphic topic, and then press the Enter key.
4. Select your desired Picture, and then click on the Insert button.
C. Shapes
The Shapes option allows you to insert a variety of shapes on to

your document, such as rectangles, circles, arrows, lines, flowchart
symbols, and callouts. From the Insert ribbon, add a shape to your
document from the multiple selections:
1. Click on the Shapes button, from the Illustration group.
2. The Shape panel will appear, select your desired shape.
3. The mouse pointer will change into a plus (+) sign.
4. Hold the left mouse button down, and while dragging your desired
shape will appear.
Note: Continuing to drag the mouse will enlarge the shape.
D. SmartArt
SmartArt allows you to change graphic images into visual communication information including
graphical lists, process diagrams, organizational charts, etc. From the Insert ribbon, incorporate
SmartArt onto your document:
1. Click on the SmartArt button, from the

Illustration group.
2. The SmartArt panel will appear.
3. Select your desired graphic image, and then
click on the OK button.
Note: Depending on your selection, text and/or photos can be added.
E. Chart
To illustrate and compare data you are able to utilize the chart option. This is similar to
the Excel chart feature. From the Insert ribbon, add a chart onto your document:
1. Click on the Chart button, from the Illustration group.

2. The Chart panel will appear.
3. Select your desired chart type, and then click on the OK
button.
4. Your selected chart type will appear next to a
spreadsheet.
5. Enter your desired data onto the spreadsheet and the
chart will reflect your data.
6. On the spreadsheet window, click on the Close window
button, and then your chart will appear on your
document.
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2.1.21 Additional Quick References
A. Cover Page
Microsoft Word enables you to insert a variety of predesigned cover pages into your
document automatically.
1. Click on the Insert tab, and then go to the Pages group.

2. Click on the Cover Page button.
3. The Built-In window will appear with predesign cover pages.
4. Select a cover page of your choice.
5. On the Pages group you can insert a Blank Page or Page Break as well.
B. Working with an Image
Images that appear on your document can be moved, resized, rotated, modified, or
deleted. To change an image, click once on the image to select it. The following items will appear
on the image: circle handles on each of the four corners, box handles on each of the four sides,
and a green dot handle on the top of the graphic.
1. Move an image to another location on the document. Select the image and place the
mouse pointer on the image. When the pointer changes to a double arrow cross, left-click
the image and drag it to a new location on the document.
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2. Resize an image to make it smaller or larger. Select the image and place the mouse
pointer on one of the sizing handles (circles/boxes). When the pointer changes to a
double-sided directional arrow, left-click the image and drag it until the desired size is
achieved. Use a corner circle handle for the best results in resizing an image.
3. Rotate an image to a different angle. Select the image and place the mouse pointer on
the curved arrow handle. When the pointer changes to a curved arrow, left-click the image
and drag it in the direction you want to rotate the image.
4. Modify an image by changing its color scheme, style, location, and cropping. Select the
image and then the Picture Tools ribbon will appear. Click on the Format tab and your
image can be modified by clicking on the appropriate button within the Adjust, Picture
Styles, Arrange, and Size groups.
Note: Before moving an image, you can change the way text wraps around the
image. Select the image, click on the Format tab on the Picture Tools
ribbon, and then click on Wrap Text button to select your wrapping option.
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Exercises 4
Exercise 4-1 (Modifying Text and Formatting a Document)
Summer Festival
The 25th Annual Honey Creek Summer Festival will be held the
entire weekend of May 6 and 7 at Honey Farm.
Quilting and canning demonstrations
Music and dancing
Craft items and produce for sale
Don’t Miss This Year’s Fest.
Instructions:
 Please copy the unformatted flyer above to a new document. In the flyer, you must
modify the text, format paragraphs and characters, and insert a picture.
 Delete the word, entire, in the sentence of body copy below the headline.
 Insert the word, Creek, between the text, Honey Farm, in the sentence of body
copy below the headline. The sentence should end: ...Honey Creek Farm.
 At the end of the signature line, change the period to an exclamation point. The
sentence should end: ...This Year's Fest!
 Apply the Heading 1 style to the headline. Apply the Heading 2 style to the signature
line.
 Center the headline and the signature line.
 Change the font and font size of the headline to 48-point Cooper Black, or a similar font.
 Change the font size of body copy between the headline and the signature line to 22
point.
 Change the font size of the signature line to 28 point.
 Bullet the three lines (paragraphs) of text above the signature line.
 Bold the text, May 6 and 7, 2023.
 Underline the word, and, in the first bulleted paragraph'
 Italicize the text in the signature line.
 Change the zoom to 50 percent so the entire page is visible
 Change the spacing before the headline paragraph to 0 point. Change the spacing
after the headline paragraph to 12 point.
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 Insert the picture of the combine centered on the blank line above the bulleted list.
Use the picture below. Apply the Snip Diagonal Corner, White picture style to the
inserted picture. Change the color of the picture border to Orange, Accent 2.
 The entire flyer now should fit on a single page. If it flows to two pages, resize the
picture or decrease spacing before and after paragraphs until the entire flyer text
fits on a single page.
 Enter the text, Honey Creek, as the keywords and add your name as author.
 Save as FamilyName_FirstName_Exe4-1.
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Exercise 4-2 (Creating Table)
Instructions:
 Create a new document.
 Set left and right margins to 0.75” and top and bottom to 1”
 Center and set the title to Times New Roman (TNR), 12 pt, bold, Italics, first title in
AC, then leave two spaces then create your table
 Insert a table using 5 Columns and 15 Rows
 Set Column widths as follows:
o Column 1 – 0.5”
o Column 2 – 1.5”
o Column 3, 4 and 5 – 1”
 Merge the cells in column 1
 Merge the cells in Rows 2, 4, 9 and 11
 Enter the data as shown below
 Use Calculated sums for rows 8 & 15
 Set background shading for rows 8 & 15, you choose the color
 Set the font sizes as follow
o Rotate the company name, use your own name, as shown below and set the
name to 14 pt, Bold, TNR, centered
o Column and Side headings to TNR 14 Pt, Bold
o Table data to 10 pt TNR
 Align table data as follows:
o Right-align numerical column data
o Left align text
 Center the table horizontally and vertically
 Save as FamilyName_FirstName_Exe4-2.
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Lesson 2.2 Formatting a Research Paper using APA Style
2.2.1 Introduction
When you write a research paper, it is important to follow a particular formatting style
throughout your paper. A consistent style enhances readability and helps to give your paper a
professional appearance. The following information is based on the format set out in the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, or APA. This style is commonly
used in the social sciences, education, and sociology content areas.
2.2.2 Formatting Pages
Margins should be one inch in all directions (top, bottom, left, right). The proper font size
is 12-point font; the acceptable font type is Times New Roman. All type should be set flush with
the left margin, creating an uneven right margin (NOT justified). The paper should be double-
spaced throughout, including the title page, abstract, and body of the document; references,
appendixes, and tables.
To set margins:
1. Open a new document in Word.
2. Click the Page Layout tab.
3. Click the Margins button in the Page Setup group.
4. Select Normal.
To set font:
1. Click on the Home tab.
2. In the Font group, click the down arrow to the right of the font menu (the default font type
is Calibri).
3. Select Times New Roman.
4. Click the down arrow to the right of the font size menu (the default font size is 11).
5. Select 12 as the font size.
To set line spacing:

1. In the Paragraph group (still on the Home tab), click on the Line Spacing button:
2. Select 2.0 for double-spacing.
2.2.3 Creating a Title Page
The first page of your paper is called the title page. This page includes the title of your
paper, your name, the name of your institution, the manuscript page header, and the running
head. A well-formatted title page can set the tone for your entire paper.
To create a title page:

1. Click on the Insert tab.
2. Click the Page Number button in the Header and Footer group.
3. On the Page Number menu, select Top of Page.
4. Select Plain Number 3 from the choices that appear on the left side of your screen. This
will position the page number on the upper right corner of each page, beginning with the
cover page of your paper.
5. Type the Running Head (an abbreviated version of your paper title) followed by a space.
This text will move to the left of the number.
6. Select all the text in the header (running head and page number) and set the font to Times
New Roman and the font size to 12.
7. Click on the red Close Header and Footer button located at the top right of the tool bar.
8. On the first line of the page type the words Running head, a colon, a space, and a short
title of your paper (no more than 50 characters) in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS.
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Sample Header for title page
9. Press the [Enter] key 10 times.

11. Click the Center button in the Paragraph group.
12. Type the following information on separate lines: the full title of the paper, your name, and
the name of your institution.
13. Press [Enter].
14. Click the Align Left button in the Paragraph group.
Sample title page
2.2.4 Inserting a Page Break
In a research paper formatted in APA style, you must start a new page for each of the
sections listed below and arrange them in the following order:
• Title page
• Abstract (if required)
• Body
• References
• Appendixes
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With the Page Break feature of Word, you can easily divide your paper into sections.
To insert a page break:

1. Place the cursor after the last text character you typed in a section.
3. Click the Page break button in the Pages group.
2.2.5 Abstract
The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most important elements

of the paper. The abstract begins on a new page and should not exceed 120 words. All numbers
in the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digits rather than words.
To format an abstract:
2. Click the Center button in the Paragraph group.
3. Type the word Abstract on the first line.
4. Press [Enter] to go to the next line of the page.
5. Click the Align Left button in the Paragraph group.
6. Type the text of your abstract. (Do not indent the first line.)
7. Press [Enter].
9. Click the Page Break button in the Pages group.
2.2.6 Body
The body of the paper begins on a new page. Subsections of the body of the paper do
not begin on new pages. All paragraphs are to be indented ½ inch from the left margin.
A. Headings
Headings are used to organize the document and reflect the relative importance of sections.
• Main (first level) headings use centered uppercase and lowercase letters (e.g., Method,
Results, References).
• Subheadings (second level headings) are italicized and use flush left, uppercase and
lowercase letters (e.g., Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure as subsections of the
Method section).
B. Reference Citations in Text
Following APA style, source material must be documented in the body of the paper by
citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources. The underlying principle here is that ideas and
words of others must be formally acknowledged. The reader can obtain the full source citation
from the list of references that follows the body of the paper. Paraphrased or summarized material
is documented in the following manner:
• If the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence,
the year of publication appears in parentheses following the identification of the authors:
Smith and Jones (2004) found Einstein’s theory flawed.
• If the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the
authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons:
Subsequent research supports these results (Brown & Greene, 2006; Hamilton, 2008).
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• The same general rules regarding author(s) and date(s) apply to electronic sources cited
within your research paper. For a source without an identified author, use the first few
words of the title to document the source within the text, followed by the date of
publication, if given:
His status as a figure in pop culture has grown in the last generation (“Einstein Online,”
n.d.).
Note: The ampersand symbol (&) is used when multiple authors are identified in parenthetical
material, but “and” is used when multiple authors are identified as part of the formal structure of
the sentence.
Note: If you refer to a work more than once in a paper, give the author and date the first time
you mention the work, and then give only the author in subsequent mentions.
C. Quotations
When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as
part of the citation. Give the page number immediately after the quotation, even in midsentence.
The key is to remember that all 3 elements of the citation – author, year, page number – must be
given, whether in parentheses or as part of the sentence. For example:
In their 2007 article, Duncan and Sebastian claimed the results of the university study were
inconclusive due to the “unscientific method of data collection” (p. 121).
OR
Duncan and Sebastian criticized the university’s “unscientific method of data collection” (2007, p.
121) that led to the study’s inconclusive results.
OR
Numerous members of the scientific community were critical of the “unscientific method of data
collection” (Duncan & Sebastian, 2007, p. 121) that led to the inconclusive results of the university
study.
Note: For a quotation from an electronic source such as an online article or web page, give the
paragraph number if no page number is available. You may use the abbreviation para. or the
paragraph symbol. You can find the paragraph symbol (¶) by going to the Insert tab and clicking
Symbol.
A quotation of fewer than 40 words (such as the example above) should be enclosed in
double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence.
However, a long quotation of more than 40 words should be set off (without quotations marks)
from the surrounding text. A long quotation is a double-spaced block of text, indented ½ inch from
the left margin. Place the parenthetical reference 2 spaces after the end punctuation of the last
sentence.
To format a long quotation:

1. Begin the quotation on a new line.
2. Type the quotation, and then select the text.
3. If necessary, click on the Home tab.
4. Click the dialog box launcher (small button in the lower-right corner) in the Paragraph
group.
5. In the Paragraph Dialog Box, under the Indents and Spacing tab, increase the left
indentation to 0.5”.
6. Click OK
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2.2.7 References
All sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper. The
References section begins on a new page with the heading “References” centered on the first
line below the manuscript page header. The references (with hanging indent – see below) begin
on the line following the References heading. Entries are organized by last names of first authors.
Most Reference entries have three components:
1. Author(s): Multiple authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using
last names and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are seven or more
authors, list the first six and then use “et al.” to represent the remaining authors. If no
author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference.
2. Year of Publication: Place the year in parentheses following the author(s), with a period
following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use “n.d.” in
parentheses following the author(s).
3. Source Reference: For a journal article, this includes the article title, journal title, volume
(and sometimes issue) number, and page number(s); for a book, it includes the title, city
of publication, and publisher. In general, the source reference for web documents
includes author and date (if known) as well as title, date of retrieval, and URL (web
address). Italicize titles of journals, books, and web pages, and periodical volume
numbers.
Note: See below for examples of formatting reference sources.
To create a hanging indent:

1. Select (highlight) all references on the References page.
2. If necessary, click on the Home tab.
3. Click the dialog box launcher (small button in the lower-right corner) in the Paragraph
group.
4. In the Paragraph Dialog Box, under the Indents and Spacing tab, go to the menu for
Special indentation, and select Hanging.
5. Click OK.
2.2.8 Appendixes
A common use of appendixes is to present unpublished tests or surveys, or to describe

complex equipment or materials.
• Each Appendix begins on a separate page.
• If there is only one appendix, the heading Appendix is centered on the first line below
the manuscript page header. If there is more than one, use the heading Appendix A (or
B, or C, etc.)
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Appendix: Bibliographic citations for various reference sources
Books and Other Non-periodicals (including reports, pamphlets, brochures, and manuals)
Basic form
Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of book. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Examples
1. One author
Chang, J. (2005). Can’t stop, won’t stop: A history of the hip-hop generation. New York: St.
Martin’s Press.
2. Two authors
Huetinck, L. & Munshin, S. N. (2008). Teaching mathematics for the 21st century: Methods and
activities for grades 6-12. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.
3. Three to six authors (list all authors)
Hood, R.W., Hill, P.C., & Williamson, W.P. (2005). The psychology of religious
fundamentalism. New York: Guilford Press.
4. More than six authors (list the first 6, followed by et al.)
Hunt, T. C., Joseph, E. A., Nuzzi, R. J., Williams, R. B., Traviss, M. P., Shimabukuro, G., et al.
(2001). Handbook of research on Catholic education. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
5. Group author
National Center on Education and the Economy (2007). Tough choices for tough times: The
report of the New Commission on the Skills of the American Woorkforce. San
Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
6. Edited work
Graham, M. (Ed.). (2004). Cambridge companion to the African American novel. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
7. Encyclopedia or dictionary
Beaulieu, E. A. (Ed.) (2003). The Toni Morrison encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Part of a Non-periodical
1. Book chapter, essay, or article from an edited work
Example
Vogel, D. (2007). How green is Judaism? Exploring Jewish environmental ethics. In T. O’Brien
& S. Paeth (Eds.), Religious perspectives on business ethics: An anthology (pp. 259-
276). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
2. Book chapter, essay, or article from an edited work (no author given)
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Example
A period of commercial crisis: 1900-1903. (1990). In C. Harpole (Ed.), History of the American
cinema (pp. 297- 336). New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Periodicals (including journals, magazines, newsletters, and newspapers)
Basic form
Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of article. Title of book. #, page(s).
Please note: Many periodical databases now provide links or tools to generate
bibliographic citations. These are often inaccurate and should not be used as a
substitute for the instructions in this guide or the APA Manual.
Examples
1. Article in a journal that paginates each issue separately (includes volume and
issue number)
Print version:
Shagoury, R. (2009). Language to language: Nurturing writing development in multilingual
classrooms. YC Young Children, 64(2), 52-57.
Online version:
Shagoury, R. (2009). Language to language: Nurturing writing development in multilingual
classrooms. YC Young Children, 64(2), 52-57. Retrieved May 5, 2009, from ProQuest
Education Journals.
2. Article in a journal with continuous pagination (does not include issue number)
Print version:
Smith, B. D. (2007). Sifting through trauma: Compassion fatigue and HIV/AIDS. Clinical Social
Work Journal, 35, 193-198.
Online version:
Smith, B. D. (2007). Sifting through trauma: Compassion fatigue and HIV/AIDS. Clinical Social
Work Journal, 35, 193-198. Retrieved April 23, 2009, from ProQuest Psychology
Journals.
Note: The following 3 sources do not use volume or issue numbers.
3. Article in a monthly or bimonthly periodical
Print version:
Quirk, M. (2007, December). Bright lights, big cities: Slums are burgeoning worldwide—and
that’s a good thing. The Atlantic Monthly, 32-33.
Online version:
Quirk, M. (2007, December). Bright lights, big cities: Slums are burgeoning worldwide—and
that’s a good thing. The Atlantic Monthly, 32-33. Retrieved October 23, 2008, from
General Reference Center Gold.
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4. Article from a weekly or biweekly magazine or newspaper
Print version:
Samuels, A. (2009, May 18). Michelle hits her stride: The first lady’s diverse approach to
diversity. Newsweek, 40.
Online version:
Samuels, A. (2009, May 18). Michelle hits her stride: The first lady’s diverse approach to
diversity. Newsweek, 40. Retrieved May 27, 2009, from Lexis-Nexis Academic.
5. Article from a daily newspaper
Print version:
Beckmann, F. (2008, December 5). Skeptical scientists caution Obama on climate change fixes.
The Detroit News, p. 19A.
Online version:
Beckmann, F. (2008, December 5). Skeptical scientists caution Obama on climate change fixes.
The Detroit News, p. 19A. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from NewsBank Michigan
Newspapers.
Other Electronic Sources
1. ERIC document from the ERIC database

Stevenson, K. (2006). Educational facilities within the context of a changing 21st century
America. Washington, D.C.: National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities. (ERIC
Document Reproduction Service No. ED491306). Retrieved September 9, 2008, from
ERIC database.
2. Electronic book (eBook) from NetLibrary

Thomas, R.W. (1992). Life for us is what we make it: Building black community in Detroit,
1915-1954. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Retrieved January 20, 2009,
from NetLibrary.
Note: Do not place a period after a citation that ends with a URL (web address).
3. Article in an Internet-only journal

Jacobs, S. (2007). Media, social movements, and the state: Competing images of HIV/AIDS in
South Africa. African Studies Quarterly, 9 (4). Retrieved October 23, 2008, from
http://www.africa.ufl.edu/asq
4. Web document within a larger web site (no date)

Heim, M. (n.d.). Responsible reparations: Can America really account for its bitter past?
Retrieved September 1, 2008, from
http://www.readsatellite.com/news/2.5/reparations.heim.2.5.1.htm
5. Web page within a larger web site (no author, no date)

Talking with kids about HIV and AIDS (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2008, from
http://www.talkingwithkids.org/aids.html
6. Multipage website created by a private organization (no date)

The International Re-evaluation Counseling Communities. (n.d.). Re-evaluation counseling.
Retrieved March 2, 2009, from http://www.rc.org
7. Blog post
amyru. (2009, April 22). A storm hovers over New England . . . a gay storm. Message posted to
http://appetiteforequalrights.blogspot.com
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8. Audio podcast
Shapiro, J. (2009, May 19). Report: Discipline methods endanger disabled kids. Morning
Edition. Podcast retrieved from http://www.npr.org
9. Video podcast
de la Cruz, B. (Director). (2008). Growing up bi-racial [Motion picture]. Podcast retrieved from
http://www.washingtonpost.com
10. Online video files

C-SPAN. (2009, January 20). President Barack Obama 2009 inauguration and address [Video
file]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjnygQ02aW4
Meet the Press. (1967, August 13). Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. calls for public opposition to
Vietnam War [Video file]. Video posted to http://www.hulu.com/watch/53348/the-
legacy-of-mlk-dr-martin-luther-king-jr- calls-for-public-opposition-to-vietnam-war
Audiovisual Media
1. Video recording
• Give the name and, in parentheses, the function of the originator or primary
contributors (the director or the producer or both).
• Identify the work as a motion picture in brackets immediately after the title.
• Give the motion picture’s country of origin (where it was primarily made and
released) as well as the name of the movie studio.
Examples
A&E Television Networks (Producer). (2001). Forensic firsts: The criminal mind/Under the
microscope [Motion Picture]. A&E Television Networks.
Ganis, N., Ganis, S., Fishburne, L., Romersa, M., Llewelyn, D. (Producers), & Atchison, D.
(Director). (2006).
Akeelah and the bee [Motion Picture]. United States: Lions Gate Films.
Palfreman, J. (Producer & Director). (2007). Global warming: What’s up with the weather?
[Motion picture]. United States: WGBH Boston.
2. Audio Recording
Notes:
• Give the name and function of the primary contributors (producer, conductor,
interviewer, etc.).
• Specify the medium in brackets after the title.
• Give the location and name of the distributor.
Examples
Corporon, E. (Conductor). (2003). Teaching music through performing marches [Compact Disc
Recording]. Chicago: GIA Publications.
Osborne, H. (Interviewer). (2005). Adult learners in healthcare [Compact Disc Recording].
Natick, MA: Health Literacy Consulting.
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Exercises 5
Preparing a Short Research Paper
Problem: You are college student currently enrolled in an introductory business class. Your
assignment is to prepare a short research paper (300-350 words) about a computer-related
job. The requirements are that the paper be presented according to the APA documentation
style and have three references. One of the three references must be from the Web.
Instructions: Perform the following tasks:
1. If necessary, display formatting marks on the screen.

2. Adjust line spacing to double.
3. Remove a space below (after) paragraphs.
4. Create a header to number pages.
5. Type the name and course information at the left margin. Center and type the title.
6. Set first-line indent for paragraphs in the body of the research paper.
7. Create a Quick Style for the research paper paragraphs.
8. Type the research paper. Change the bibliography style to APA. As you insert
citations, enter their source information.
9. At the end of the research paper text, press the ENTER key then insert a manual
page break so that the Works Cited page begins on a new page. Enter and format the
works cited title. Use Word to insert the bibliographical list (bibliography). Format the
paragraphs in the list with a hanging indent.
10. Check the spelling and grammar of the paper at once.
11. Save the document as FamilyName_FirstName_Exe5 as your file name, or print the
research paper.
MIDTERM EXAM/REQUIREMENT
Create a Research Paper about the Month You Were Born
Did you ever wonder what world events took place during the month you were born
(besides your birth)? For example, what happened with respect to politics, world affairs, and
the economy? What made headline news? Were there any scientific breakthroughs? What was
on television and at the box office? Were any famous people born? Did anyone famous die?
What songs topped the charts? What was happening in the world of sports? Research the
newsworthy events that took place during the month and year you were born (i.e., July 1981)
by looking through newspapers, magazines, searching the Web, and/or interviewing family and
friends. Write a short research paper (450-500 words) that summarizes your findings. Include
at least five references. Use the APA documentation style format. Check spelling and grammar
of the finished paper.
Save the document as FamilyName_FirstName_MTER as your file name, or print the

research paper.
Note: Make it Personal
Prepared by: RRA 55

Part 1 Computer Software Application Module

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Course Guide

Computer Software Application Training

This course provides an introduction to computer concepts and terminology,

This course is composed of four subparts, to wit:

Unit I: Introduction to Computer and its Components

Course Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Identify the specifications & configurations of computer hardware.

Students are expected to submit the following requirements or outputs during

1 Introduction to Computer and its Components

2 Word Processing (MS Word) Exercises

4 Presentation Management (MS PowerPoint)

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AND ITS COMPONENTS

After completing this unit, the students should be able to:

Lesson 1.1 Introduction to Computer System

Figure 1. An Idealized Personal Computer Internal Hardware Component

A fundamental understanding of this internal hardware component of a personal computer

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Note: EXERCISES can be submitted in either softcopy or hardcopy (printed) format.

Lesson 1.2 Introduction to Computer Components

Table 1. The overall mapping of PC components

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System Unit consists of several components:

 Casing or Computer Case

Figure 3. ATX Power Supply

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 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Table 2. Example of CPU specification for a PC

Figure 5. Example of a CPU (Core i7 Processor)

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Cache is a specialized form of computer chip that is designed to enhance memory

 Hard disk drive(s)

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Figure 6. Hard Disk Drive (SATA and IDE)

 CD-ROM Drive and DVD-ROM Drive

Figure 7. CD-ROM Drive (Internal)

Figure 8. Video Card

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An operating system (OS) is a software that manages the sharing of a computer's

Figure 9. Operating System as a platform for other applications and devices

Table 3. Examples of Operating System

Operating GNU/Linux List of Linux distributions, Comparison of Linux distributions

DOS 86-DOS (QDOS), PC-DOS, MS-DOS, FreeDOS

Mac OS Mac OS classic, Mac OS X

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The Windows 10 Interface

Figure 10. Windows 10 Desktop

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1. Click the Start button.

2. Click the letter A, located on the program list.

4. Click Word 2016.

Searching for Programs

1. Click the Start button.

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Saving to the Hard Drive

1. In Microsoft Word, click the File tab

5. Click Save (See Figure 11).

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