SACE Stage 2 Mathematical Methods 2018

Tuesday 12 June: 1.00 pm

Time: 2 hours + 10 minutes reading time

Student Name: _________________________________

Teacher Name: _________________________________

Approved dictionaries, notes, calculators and computer software may be used.

Instructions to Students:

1. You will have 10 minutes to read the paper. During this time you are permitted to write in your answer
booklet and to use a calculator.

2. Answer all parts of Questions 1 to 10 in the spaces provided in this question booklet. There is no need
to fill all the space provided. You may write on the pages at the back of the booklet if you need more
space, making sure to label each answer clearly.

3. The total mark is approximately 99. The allocation of marks is shown below:

4. Appropriate steps of logic and correct answers are required for full marks.

5. Show all working in the booklet. (You are strongly advised not to use scribbling paper. Work that you
consider incorrect should be crossed out with a single line.)

6. Use only black or blue pens for all work other than graphs and diagrams, for which you may use a sharp
dark pencil.

7. State all answers correct to three significant figures, unless otherwise stated or as appropriate.

8. Diagrams, where given, are not necessarily drawn to scale.

 dy
1. a) Find dx for the following functions. There is no need to simplify your answers.
2 3
e x −4 e
y=
i) 1-ln x2

(3 marks)

3
ii) y=√ x 3 −4 x 2 .

(2 marks)

( )
2
e3 ( x2 −3 x )
y=ln 2 x
b) (i) Use the laws of logarithms to simplify e √ 3−2 x

(3 marks)
dy
(ii) Hence find dx at x=1

(2 marks)
2 Consider the graphs of f (x )=ln 5 x and g( x)=ln x , as shown below

There is a point labelled A at (2,f (2)) and a point labelled B at (2,g(2))

(a) What is the exact distance between points A and B?

(2 marks)
'
(b) (i) Find the value of x such that g (x )=2

(2 marks)

(ii) Let h( x )=ln kx , where k >0

'
Find the value of x such that h ( x)=2

(2 marks)

(c) Comment on the relationship between the graphs of g( x )=ln x and h( x)=ln kx , where k >0

(1 mark)
3. The volume of water V in tank after t hours is given by
100
V (t )=
t 2 +1 litres

The graph of V (t ) against t for 0≤t≤5 is shown below

(a) On the graph above draw the chord which passes through the points A (1,V (1)) and B (2,V (2))
(1 mark)

(b) Find the gradient of the chord and explain this result in the context of this situation.

(2 marks)
(c) Let P be a point on the curve with coordinates ((2+h ),V (2+h ))

(i) Write down an expression for the gradient of the chord BP

(2 marks)
(ii) Hence calculate the instantaneous rate of change at t = 2 hours

(5 marks)
4 A scientist predicts that the population of ants P(t) in a colony over t weeks is given by
P(t )=2500e kt , where 0≤t≤10

(a) (i) Find the initial population of ants

(1 mark)
ln2
k=
(ii) If the population is 20000 after 6 weeks, show that 2

(4 marks)

(iii) How long does it take for the population to reach 50000 ants.
At what rate is the population changing at this time?

(3 marks)

A
P(t )=
A second scientist believes that an equation of the form 1+ be−ct where A, b and c are positive
constants would be a better model for the ant population for t≥0

(b) (i) Give a reason why this may be the case.

(2 marks)

(ii) If it is expected that the population would reach a maximum of 50000 write down
the value of A

(1 mark)

(iii) Given that both models predict the same initial population and population after 6 weeks
show algebraically that b=19 and c = -0.423
 (5 marks)

(iv) Hence find the time when the population is growing at the fastest rate and the
population at that time.

(3 marks)

(v) Sketch the graph of P(t) against t for this model, showing the information from
parts b(ii) to b(iv) above.

(4 marks)
5 Consider the area between the graph of y= √ x , as shown below, and the x -axis from x=1 to x=4.
3
y

2.5

1.5

0.5

x
-1 1 2 3 4 5

-0.5

-1

a) i) On the graph above, draw three unshaded rectangles corresponding to A L, the

lower estimate of the area and hence, calculate the exact value of A L.

(2 marks)

ii) On the graph above, draw three unshaded rectangles corresponding to AU , the upper estimate of the
area and hence, calculate the exact value of AU .

(2 marks)

iii) On the graph above, shade in the area represented by AU −A L .

Use your results from i) and ii) to find this exact value.

(2 marks)
(b) Further estimates of this area by using varying numbers of divisions are made, and the results
tabulated as follows (correct to 3 decimal places):

Number of divisions Value of A L Value of AU Value of AU −A L

3
6 4.411 4.911
12 4.540 4.790

i) Complete the table.

(1 mark)

ii) As the divisions increase what value will AU −A L approach? Why?

(2 marks)

iii) When AU −A L reaches this value, what is the exact value of A L and AU ?

(3 marks)

π
x=
6 Find the exact equation of the tangent to y=3Sin ( x)+Cos(2x ) at the point 6

(5 marks)
7 The graph of the curve y=g( x) for 0≤x≤3 is shown below.

Points A and B lie on the curve. Point A is the only point of inflection.

(a) Which one of the following statements is true? Tick the appropriate box and justify your
answer
' '
g (1)<g (2)
' '
g (1)=g (2)

g' (1)>g' (2)

Justification

(2 marks)
(b) Which one of the following statements is true? Tick the appropriate box and justify your
answer

''
g (1 )<0
''
g (1 )=0
''
g (1 )>0
Justification

(2 marks)

(b) Which one of the following statements is true? Tick the appropriate box and justify your
answer

''
g (2 )<0
''
g (2 )=0

g' ' (2 )>0

Justification

(2 marks)
8 The line y=3 x−15 is a tangent to a particular curve at the point x = 2
d2 y
2
=6 x−2
For this curve dx

dy
(a) Determine the gradient function dx

(3 marks)

16
−
(b) Show algebraically that the gradient of any tangent to the curve is never less than 3

(3 marks)

9 Consider the function f (x )=kxe−at , where a and k are constants

'
(a) Write down f ( x )

(2 marks)

(b) If f(x) has a maximum value of 200 when x = 5, find the values of a and k
 (5 marks)

5
10 (a) Consider f ( x )=
1+e(1−x)

The graph of y=f ( x ) for x ≥ 0 is shown below.

5 y

x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The graph of y=f ( x ) has one point of inflection.

(i) On the graph above, clearly mark and label A the point of inflection of the function y=f ( x ).

(1 mark)

(ii) State the x-coordinate of the point of inflection A found in part (a) (i).

(1 mark)

5
(b) Now consider the function g ( x )= (2−x)
1+ e

(i) On the axes above, sketch the graph of y=g ( x ) for x ≥ 0 . Clearly mark as B the point of
inflection of the function y=g ( x).

(2 marks)

(ii) State the x-coordinate of the point of inflection B of the function y=g (x)

(1 mark)
 5
(c) Now consider all functions h ( x )= (k−x) for x ≥ 0 and k is a real positive constant.
1+ e

(i) Complete the following table:

k 1 2 3 4
x -coordinate of the
point of inflection of
y=h ( x )
(1 mark)

(ii) Based on your findings, make a conjecture about the value of the x-coordinate of the point of
inflection of the graph of y=h ( x ) for all values of k.

(1 mark)

(iii) Using calculus, prove the conjecture that you made in (c) (ii)

(6 marks)
USE THIS SHEET IF YOU NEED EXTRA SPACE
ENSURE THAT QUESTION NUMBERS ARE CLEARLY LABELLED
USE THIS SHEET IF YOU NEED EXTRA SPACE
ENSURE THAT QUESTION NUMBERS ARE CLEARLY LABELLED