Medical Waste Disposal
Medical Waste Disposal
Medical Waste Disposal
Below we’ll explore these medical waste disposal methods, as well as what
you need to know about resources available that can help you properly
dispose of your medical waste.
Chemical Waste
Chemical waste is common in medical facilities and includes:
Pharmaceutical Waste
Some pharmaceutical waste is considered hazardous based on its ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity and toxicity. Listed hazardous wastes include a variety of
drugs, from epinephrine to nitroglycerin and many chemotherapy agents.
Chemotherapy Waste
Chemotherapy waste includes controlled substances like morphine and
hydrocodone, and trace chemotherapy waste like IV bags, tubing, vials and
syringes. Bulk chemotherapy waste are drugs that do not meet the threshold
for being considered “empty” by the RCRA, as well as items that are used in
the event of a spill or extremely contaminated personal protective equipment
(PPE).
Dental Waste
Examples of dental waste include mercury, dental amalgams used for fillings
and x-ray developer chemicals. Lead is also used in dental offices as foil for x-
ray packets, x-ray protective aprons and boxes for storing x-ray film.
Biomedical Waste
Infectious biomedical waste is a concern in different types of medical facilities,
from hospitals to dental offices. Blood-saturated gauze, swabs and
compresses are common, as are sharps waste.
Autoclaving
Autoclaving provides sterilization through steam. Though autoclaving is a
good solution for sterilizing microbiological wastes, it is not an appropriate
solution for other types of waste such as pathological and toxic chemicals.
Chemical Disinfection
Chemical disinfection is usually reserved for chemical and liquid waste.
Chlorine is a common chemical used during this process. The types of
microorganisms in the waste and how contaminated the product is determines
whether this is an effective choice for sterilization.
Microwaving
Irradiative sterilization uses the same technology as microwaves to disinfect
waste. Waste is shredded and mixed with water. The waste is then heated so
that all biological elements are neutralized.
Incineration
Incineration typically used as a disposal method for pathological waste and
pharmaceutical waste. During this process, medical waste incinerators reach
temperatures as hot as 2,000 degrees F. Trace chemotherapy waste is
permitted under California law to undergo the incineration process.
Drop-Off Sites
Drop-off facilities are designed to make the disposal of medical waste easy. In
California, there are several sites available for different types of medical
waste, from sharps needles to pharmaceutical medications.
In order for that waste to get to treatment facilities it will need to be taken by a
licensed hazardous waste transporter if that waste is potentially harmful to the
environment and human health.
Hazardous waste disposal companies have distinct advantages. Perhaps one
of the greatest is that they have access to and can transport your medical
waste to the appropriate medical waste treatment facility that will accept it.
This includes out-of-state facilities licensed to accept certain types of waste.
The best medical disposal companies will also use sampling and testing
methods to identify any unknown wastes to ensure you are meeting all
appropriate federal and state regulations. If you regularly generate waste, they
can also provide schedule pickups.
Landfills Or Incinerators
As we mentioned above, incineration is a popular way to dispose of some
types of medical waste, including pathological waste and pharmaceutical
waste.
If your medical waste has been chemically treated or sanitized, it may also be
disposed of in a landfill. Many of these landfills will have protections in place
to keep waste from seeping into the soil around it. The design of a landfill may
include a liner, a leachate collection system and cover, as well as regular
monitoring of methane levels and groundwater.
Glass bottles
Plastic containers
Newspapers
In fact, the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION points out that of all the waste
produced by health care facilities and activities, 85% of that waste is non-
hazardous.
In addition to the solid waste items mentioned above, several items found in
healthcare facilities are considered universal hazards, such as:
Fluorescent lights
Pesticides
Batteries
Lamps
Electronic devices
CRT glass
Knowing the proper disposal methods for each type of medical waste that
your facility generates is critical to ensuring that you meet all waste disposal
guidelines.
Our article, Choosing The Right Vendor For Medical Waste Disposal Los
Angeles, explores the experience level that your waste disposal company
should have, as well as how you can ensure your transporter is registered and
legal.
5 Waste Disposal Methods You Need To Know
There are many methods of waste disposal, some more high-tech than others. Each has its own
associated pros and cons, ranging from efficiency to cost-effectiveness and even how
environmentally-friendly they are.
For businesses, it’s worth maintaining a working knowledge of waste disposal methods in case
your UK waste solutions policies need changing after discovering you’d find another method
advantageous. Here are five waste disposal methods you need to know.
1. Recycling
2. Plasma Gasification
3. Composting
4. Incineration
5. Sanitary Landfill
1. Recycling
Recycling is one of the most common forms of waste disposal. With landfill being so expensive now,
it’s much more financially viable for businesses to recycle their waste.
Recycling is the process of separating waste into constituent materials and then reusing those
materials. For example, a used plastic bottle can be remade into a new plastic bottle, thereby
reducing the need for new materials, easing our consumption of raw materials and lowering the
amount of waste that either goes to landfill.
It also reduces the amount of plastic and other recyclable materials that have the potential to end up
in polluting natural environments, such as rivers and seas. This is a vitally important aspect of
recycling, as every year around 8 million tonnes of plastic ends up in the oceans.
Recycling is the perfect way for companies to lower their environmental impact and even move
towards a zero waste policy. It’s one of the most crucial applications when improving your
business’ waste management plan, involving the utilisation of proper waste separation, waste
auditing and the right type of waste disposal machinery.
For example, machinery such as portable compactors make recycling waste simple and effective.
The benefits of a portable compactor are multiple, helping to create a flexible, simple and cost-
effective waste management system that’s easy to use for all operators.
2. Plasma Gasification
Plasma gasification is one of the more high-tech ways of dealing with plastic waste. While it requires
more energy than, say, sending waste to landfill, it’s an effective way of reducing the size of waste
and making sure that we’re not relying on landfills for waste disposal.
The process of plasma gasification works by shredding plastic, which is then transferred to a furnace
heated to roughly 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit. This is then mixed with oxygen and steam, which
effectively works to vaporise 75 to 85% of the waste.
What’s left is a mixture of gases known as ‘syngases’ (as they’re synthetic natural gas), which is
then separated from the waste that’s left. That waste is then put into another furnace, heated to an
incredibly 18,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Because it’s so hot, the leftover waste gets separated into its
constituent atomic elements.
Whatever is left is converted to slag - tightly-bound solid blocks of waste that can be used in
construction. This means that plasma gasification is a potential choice for large organisations
pursuing zero waste policies.
With countries like the US generating around 250 million tonnes of waste each year, being able to
vaporise into usable components may be a great idea environmentally. However, it’s a process
that’s highly energy-intensive and quite costly. It’s also not widely practised, with only a small
number of sites around the world offering it.
3. Composting
Composting has been a traditional waste disposal method for many years, allowing organic waste to
be reused to fertilise plants and crops. Essentially, organic waste is decomposed by microbes within
a sealed container. These are regularly found in the gardens of avid gardeners.
However, in many cases composting is done on a much larger scale. With landfill tax in the
UK currently at £94.15 per tonne, it makes financial sense for organisations who generate a lot of
organic waste to make that waste more useful, rather than just leaving it to rot.
While adding composted organic materials to soil greatly improves fertility, by:
While the process is slow and does take a lot of land to implement, it does have its advantages. For
example, it’s possible for larger organisations who generate a lot of organic waste to produce
compost themselves on-site and then sell it, providing a new revenue stream.
4. Incineration
Slightly similar to plasma gasification, incineration heats waste to transform it into base components,
assorted gases and, more often than not, ash. Waste volume is reduced by about 90% and
hazardous or toxic wastes can actually be gotten rid of through combustion.
Another advantage is that the heat produced can be used as an energy source, supplying power to
turbines. This is known as Waste-to-Energy, which is increasingly used (there are a large amount
of these types of incinerators in the UK), but quite controversial.
Similarly, some types of ash produced happen to be rich in nutrients (if the waste burnt was organic -
similar to how some farmers burn fields to encourage new growth). This ash can be used in
hydroponic farming.
While relatively inexpensive, incineration can cause atmospheric pollution, depending on the type of
waste combusted. Additionally, some incinerators are either old or poorly-designed, allowing for
pollution levels to increase. However, in some cases, large filters can be used to check this pollution.
There are many arguments that see incineration as an outdated waste disposal method, as in most
cases it:
According to the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, the majority of waste currently
incinerated is actually recyclable:
Of approximately 13.1 million tonnes of residual waste generated by household sources in England
in 2017, around 7 million tonnes could be categorised as readily recyclable, 3.5 million tonnes as
potentially recyclable, 1.6 million tonnes as potentially substitutable, and 1.0 million tonnes as
difficult to recycle or substitute.
To create a greener economy, it’s wiser to focus on recycling programs rather than incineration.
5. Sanitary Landfill
Using a sanitary landfill (or more commonly referred to as just a ‘landfill’), involves dumping waste
into a predetermined location designed for waste disposal. Landfills contain a protective layer which
prevents any chemicals or contaminants from seeping into groundwater.
Each layer of waste is compacted and covered with a layer of earth, preferably with non-porous soil.
In the UK, disused quarries make for popular landfills. In 2018, 23% of the UK’s waste went to
landfill.
One downside is that landfills are seen as outdated, as simply burying waste doesn’t effectively deal
with the waste problem. Landfills also become full over time, have the potential for environmental
damage and require a lot of skilled manpower to maintain them.
If you’re more interested in recycling over incineration or plasma gasification, you can check out
some of our incredibly useful machinery, such as portable compactors.
However, this is just one part of the entire waste solutions and management process. If you're
looking to enhance this process and cut your costs, read our latest guide to find out how.
To download your free PDF copy, just click the button below.
There are several types of medical waste. While some are hazardous, others
are non-hazardous. However, each waste type may have its own set of
requirements for disposal. Even the volume of the waste may determine how
it is disposed of.
Chemical Waste
Chemical waste is common in medical facilities and includes:
Pharmaceutical Waste
Some pharmaceutical waste is considered hazardous based on its ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity and toxicity. Listed hazardous wastes include a variety of
drugs, from epinephrine to nitroglycerin and many chemotherapy agents.
Chemotherapy Waste
Chemotherapy waste includes controlled substances like morphine and
hydrocodone, and trace chemotherapy waste like IV bags, tubing, vials and
syringes. Bulk chemotherapy waste are drugs that do not meet the threshold
for being considered “empty” by the RCRA, as well as items that are used in
the event of a spill or extremely contaminated personal protective equipment
(PPE).
Dental Waste
Examples of dental waste include mercury, dental amalgams used for fillings
and x-ray developer chemicals. Lead is also used in dental offices as foil for x-
ray packets, x-ray protective aprons and boxes for storing x-ray film.
Biomedical Waste
Infectious biomedical waste is a concern in different types of medical facilities,
from hospitals to dental offices. Blood-saturated gauze, swabs and
compresses are common, as are sharps waste.
Autoclaving
Autoclaving provides sterilization through steam. Though autoclaving is a
good solution for sterilizing microbiological wastes, it is not an appropriate
solution for other types of waste such as pathological and toxic chemicals.
Chemical Disinfection
Chemical disinfection is usually reserved for chemical and liquid waste.
Chlorine is a common chemical used during this process. The types of
microorganisms in the waste and how contaminated the product is determines
whether this is an effective choice for sterilization.
Microwaving
Irradiative sterilization uses the same technology as microwaves to disinfect
waste. Waste is shredded and mixed with water. The waste is then heated so
that all biological elements are neutralized.
Incineration
Incineration typically used as a disposal method for pathological waste and
pharmaceutical waste. During this process, medical waste incinerators reach
temperatures as hot as 2,000 degrees F. Trace chemotherapy waste is
permitted under California law to undergo the incineration process.
Drop-Off Sites
Drop-off facilities are designed to make the disposal of medical waste easy. In
California, there are several sites available for different types of medical
waste, from sharps needles to pharmaceutical medications.
This option offers convenience, but most locations on the CalRecycle
site only accept limited types of medical waste. While these sites can be a
great choice for businesses that generate small amounts of regulated medical
waste, many only accept waste generated in the residential sector. Therefore,
it’s important to check with that drop-off site before going to ensure it will
accept commercial waste.
Treatment, Storage And Disposal Facilities (TSDF)
If your business generates significant amounts of medical waste and waste
that is not accepted at drop-off sites, it’s likely your waste will need to be
disposed of at a treatment, storage and disposal facility (TSDF).
In order for that waste to get to treatment facilities it will need to be taken by a
licensed hazardous waste transporter if that waste is potentially harmful to the
environment and human health.
The best medical disposal companies will also use sampling and testing
methods to identify any unknown wastes to ensure you are meeting all
appropriate federal and state regulations. If you regularly generate waste, they
can also provide schedule pickups.
Landfills Or Incinerators
As we mentioned above, incineration is a popular way to dispose of some
types of medical waste, including pathological waste and pharmaceutical
waste.
If your medical waste has been chemically treated or sanitized, it may also be
disposed of in a landfill. Many of these landfills will have protections in place
to keep waste from seeping into the soil around it. The design of a landfill may
include a liner, a leachate collection system and cover, as well as regular
monitoring of methane levels and groundwater.
Glass bottles
Plastic containers
Newspapers
In fact, the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION points out that of all the waste
produced by health care facilities and activities, 85% of that waste is non-
hazardous.
In addition to the solid waste items mentioned above, several items found in
healthcare facilities are considered universal hazards, such as:
Fluorescent lights
Pesticides
Batteries
Lamps
Electronic devices
CRT glass
Medical Waste Disposal And Management Services
Knowing the proper disposal methods for each type of medical waste that
your facility generates is critical to ensuring that you meet all waste disposal
guidelines.
Our article, Choosing The Right Vendor For Medical Waste Disposal Los
Angeles, explores the experience level that your waste disposal company
should have, as well as how you can ensure your transporter is registered and
legal.