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Chap 24 Selected Problem, Reading Guide

This document contains instructions to study sections of a physics textbook on optics and do related practice problems. It summarizes key concepts and equations from the text, such as how constructive and destructive interference depend on path differences being multiples of the wavelength. It also provides worked examples of using these equations to calculate wavelengths, angles of refraction, slit widths, and minimum thicknesses for thin film interference.

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chicken lord
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44 views

Chap 24 Selected Problem, Reading Guide

This document contains instructions to study sections of a physics textbook on optics and do related practice problems. It summarizes key concepts and equations from the text, such as how constructive and destructive interference depend on path differences being multiples of the wavelength. It also provides worked examples of using these equations to calculate wavelengths, angles of refraction, slit widths, and minimum thicknesses for thin film interference.

Uploaded by

chicken lord
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Giancoli – Chapter 24

Skim sections 24.1 and 24.2. Do take a moment to consider the examples of diffraction.
Study sections 24.3 – 24.8.

From page 752-754, do problems 2, 5, 6, 7, 13, 15, 18, 21, 23, 27, 31, 32, 40, 41.

Section 24-3

2. For constructive interference, the path difference is a multiple of the wavelength:


d sin θ = mλ, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, … .
For the fifth order, we have
(4.2 × 10–5 m) sin 7.8° = (5)λ, which gives λ = 1.1 × 10–6 m = 1.1 µm.

5. For constructive interference, the path difference is a multiple of the wavelength:


d sin θ = mλ, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, … .
We find the location on the screen from
y = L tan θ.
For small angles, we have
sin θ ≈ tan θ, which gives
y = L(mλ/d) = mLλ/d.
For adjacent fringes, Δm = 1, so we have
Δy = Lλ Δm/d;
= (2.6 m)(656 × 10–9 m)(1)/(0.050 × 10–3 m) = 3.4 × 10–2 m = 3.4 cm.

6. For destructive interference, the path difference is


d sin θ = (m + !)λ, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, … ; or
sin θ = (m + !)(2.5 cm)/(5.0 cm) = (m + !)(0.50), m = 0, 1, 2, 3, … .
The angles for the first three regions of complete destructive interference are
sin θ0 = (m + !)λ/d = (0 + !)(0.50) = 0.25, θ0 = 15°;
sin θ1 = (m + !)λ/d = (1 + !)(0.50) = 0.75, θ1 = 49°;
sin θ2 = (m + !)λ/d = (2 + !)(0.50) = 1.25, therefore, no third region.
We find the locations at the end of the tank from
y = L tan θ;
y0 = (2.0 m) tan 15° = 0.52 m;
y1 = (2.0 m) tan 49° = 2.3 m.
Thus you could stand
0.52 m, or 2.3 m away from the line perpendicular to the board midway between the openings.

7. For constructive interference, the path difference is a multiple of the wavelength:


d sin θ = mλ, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, … .
We find the location on the screen from
y = L tan θ.
For small angles, we have
sin θ ≈ tan θ, which gives
y = L(mλ/d) = mLλ/d.
For the fourth order we have
48 × 10–3 m = (1.5 m)(680 × 10–9 m)(4)/d, which gives d = 8.5 × 10–5 m = 0.085 mm.
Section 24-4

13. We find the speed of light from the index of refraction, v = c/n. For the change, we have
(vred – vviolet)/vviolet = [(c/nred) – (c/nviolet)]/(c/nviolet)
= (nviolet – nred)/nred = (1.665 – 1.617)/(1.617) = 0.030 = 3.0%.

15. We find the angles of refraction in the glass from


n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 ;
(1.00) sin 60.00° = (1.4820) sin θ2,450 , which gives θ2,450 = 35.76°;
(1.00) sin 60.00° = (1.4742) sin θ2,700 , which gives θ2,700 = 35.98°.
Thus the angle between the refracted beams is
θ2,700 – θ2,450 = 35.98° – 35.76° = 0.22°.

Section 24-5

18. We find the angle to the first minimum from


sin θ1min = mλ/D = (1)(520 × 10–9 m)/(0.0440 × 10–3 m) = 0.0118, so θ1min = 0.677°.
Thus the angular width of the central diffraction peak is
Δθ1 = 2θ1min = 2(0.677°) = 1.35°.

21.* The angle from the central maximum to the first bright fringe is 9.75°.
For constructive interference from the single slit, the path difference is
D sin θ = (m + !)λ, m = 1, 2, 3, … .
For the first fringe away from the central maximum, we have
D sin (9.75°) = (8)(633 × 10–9 m), which gives D = 2.81 × 10–6 m = 5.61 µm.

23. We find the angle to the first minimum from the distances:
tan θ1min = !(9.20 cm)/(255 cm) = 0.0180 = sin θ1min , because the angle is small.
We find the slit width from
D sin θ1min = mλ;
D (0.0180) = (1)(415 × 10–9 m), which gives D = 2.30 × 10–5 m = 0.0230 mm.

Sections 24-6 & 24-7

27. We find the wavelength from


d sin θ = mλ;
[1/(3500 lines/cm)](10–2 m/cm) sin 22.0° = 3λ, which gives λ = 3.57 × 10–7 m = 357 nm.

31. Because the angle increases with wavelength, to have a complete order we use the largest wavelength.
The maximum angle is 90°, so we have
d sin θ = mλ;
[1/(7000 lines/cm)](10–2 m/cm) sin 90° = m(750 × 10–9 m), which gives m = 1.90.
Thus only one full order can be seen on each side of the central white line.

32. The maximum angle is 90°, so we have


d sin θ = mλ;
[1/(6000 lines/cm)](10–2 m/cm) sin 90° = m(633 × 10–9 m), which gives m = 2.63.
Thus two orders can be seen on each side of the central white line.
Section 24-8

(NOTE: In the solution diagrams below you will see a strange S with an accent mark. It’s really pi(π). I’m not easily able to
correct these image objects when I import them – Lemei)

Recall: 2π radians = 360 degrees

40. We equate a path difference of one wavelength with a phase


difference of 2π (radians). With respect to the incident wave, the wave φ1 = š
that reflects at the top surface from the higher index of the
soap bubble has a phase change of φ2 = (2t/ λfilm )2š + 0
φ1 = π.
With respect to the incident wave, the wave that reflects t n
from the air at the bottom surface of the bubble has a phase
change due to the additional path-length but no phase change
on reflection:
φ2 = (2t/λfilm)2π + 0.
For destructive interference, the net phase change is
φ = (2t/λfilm)2π – π = (m – !)2π, m = 0, 1, 2, …, or t = !λfilmm = !(λ/n)m, m = 0, 1, 2, … .
The minimum non-zero thickness is
tmin = ![(480 nm)/(1.42)](1) = 169 nm.
(NOTE) Twice 169nm gives one full wavelength in the bubble. The light reflected by the surface is half a wavelength out of
original phase, and will meet destructively with light that has traveled one full wavelength farther in the bubble’s interior.

41. With respect to the incident wave, the wave that reflects
from the top surface of the coating has a phase change of φ1 = š
φ1 =π. φ2 = (2t/ λfilm )2š + š
With respect to the incident wave, the wave that reflects
from the glass (n ≈ 1.5) at the bottom surface of the coating t
has a phase change due to the additional path-length and
a phase change of π on reflection:
φ2 = (2t/λfilm)2π + π.
For constructive interference, the net phase change is
φ = (2t/λfilm)2π + π – π = m2π, m = 1, 2, 3, …, or t = !λfilmm = !(λ/nfilm)m, m = 1, 2, 3, … .
The minimum non-zero thickness occurs for m = 1:
tmin = λ/2nfilm = (570 nm)/2(1.25) = 228 nm.
570 nm is in the middle of the visible spectrum. The transmitted light will be stronger in the wavelengths at the ends
of the spectrum, so the lens would emphasize the red and violet wavelengths.

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