Valves

BUILDING SERVICES AND
EQUIPMENTS –II
B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

RCC Storage Tank

Plumbing Valve

What is valve?
A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening,
closing, or partially obstructing various passage ways.
Valve Functions.
• Stopping and starting fluid flow.
• Varying (throttling) the amount of fluid flow.
• Controlling the direction of fluid flow.
• Regulating downstream system or process pressure.
• Relieving component or piping over pressure.

Basic Parts of the valve
Body: It is called the shell, is the primary pressure boundary
of a valve.
Bonnet: The cover for the opening in the valve body.
Trim (internal elements):The internal elements of a valve

are collectively referred to as a valve's trim. The trim
typically includes a disk, seat, stem, and sleeves needed to
guide the fluid.
Actuator (Hand wheel): Operates the stem and disk

assembly.
Packing : It is used to prevent leakage from the space

between the stem and the bonnet.

Types of Valves
• Ball Valve
• Gate Valve
• Butterfly Valve
• Diaphragm Valve
• Globe Valve
• Pressure Balanced Valve
• Check – Valve
• Foot Valve

Ball Valve
Ball valves are made with a rotating sphere that has a hole in it.
In the open position, the hole in the sphere is in line with the pipe.
When closed, the hole in the sphere is perpendicular to the pipe.
The lever handle operates the valve, but also serves as an indicator for whether the
valve is open or closed.
When the lever is parallel to the pipe, the valve is open.
Ball Valve

Gate Valve
Gate valves control water flow by raising or lowering the gate, which is generally a
piece of metal.
There is a wheel or knob at the top of a gate valve that controls the height of the gate -
this, in turn, affects the flow of water.
Unfortunately, the wheel doesn't provide any indication of whether the valve is open
or closed, or to what extent.
Gate valves provide a reasonable seal, but they should not be used to adjust flow - they
should be open or closed.
Gate valves may not be very durable and are subject to corrosion, which will cause the
valve to get stuck in the open or closed position.

Butterfly Valve
Butterfly valves have a disc that is equal in size to the inside diameter of the pipe.
This disc is attached to a lever handle that rotates the disc, which adjusts the flow of
water.
The main drawback to butterfly valves is that the control disc is always present within
the flow of water (even when fully open) so there will always be a pressure drop when
using them

Diaphragm Valve
A diaphragm valve is similar to a gate valve in that there is a wheel or knob that moves
an element in the valve fitting, which limits the flow of water.
In a diaphragm valve, the element is a diaphragm that settles down over a saddle, thus
stopping water flow.
Diaphragm valves are generally used as shutoff or stop valves.
Diaphragm valve is used with dangerous and toxic liquid

Globe Valve
Globe valves are used to throttle or limit the flow of water.
They have a stopper that is raised and lowered by a wheel or knob on a shaft.
The stopper seals into a baffle to stop flow.
Globe valves are used in situations where the flow needs to be adjusted regularly, but
also where the flow doesn't have to be fully open since the baffle restricts flow.
Globe valves get their name from the globe-like or ball-like appearance that the body
of the valve has.

Pressure balanced valves
are used to maintain a constant temperature of water in domestic showers or

bathtubs.
A diaphragm within the valve allows the operator to set mixing of hot and cold water;
however in the event of a pressure drop of cold water (for instance, if a toilet nearby is
flushed), the diaphragm will shift to limit an excessive flow of hot water.
Many jurisdictions require pressure balanced valves in domestic bathrooms and

showers to prevent accidental scalding.

Check Valve
Check valves are used to keep water flowing in only one direction.
A diaphragm-check valve has a rotating disc or rubber flap that is pushed to seal the
opening in the event of flow in the wrong direction.

FOOT VALVE
Located at the lower end of the pump.
Foot valves are a type of check valve and are placed at the pump’s wet well.
Unlike other valves, a foot valve is created with a larger flow area than the actual pipe
size to make sure that there is less head loss.
Foot valves are either made of PVC plastic or stainless steel, and they are known for
keeping the continuous presence of suction within the pump.

Classification of Valves
The following are some of the commonly used valve classifications, based on
mechanical motion:
•Linear Motion Valves. The valves in which the closure member, as in gate, globe,
diaphragm, pinch moves in a straight line to allow, stop, or control the flow.
•Rotary Motion Valves. When the valve-closure member travels along an angular or
circular path, as in butterfly, ball, plug valves.
•Quarter Turn Valves. Some rotary motion valves require approximately a quarter
turn,0 through 90 , motion of the stem to go to fully open from a fully closed
position or vice versa.

Valve Selection Consider
1. Pressure.
5. Operating conditions
A. Frequency of operation.
2. Temperature.
B. Accessibility.
C. Overall space/size available.
3. Type of fluid.
D. Manual or automated control.
A. Liquid.
E. Need for bubble-tight shut-off.
B. Gas, i.e., steam or air.
F. Concerns about body joint leaks.
C. Dirty or abrasive (erosive)
G. Fire safe design.
H. Speed of closure
4. Flow Considerations
A. On-off or Regulating.
C. Needed to prevent backflow.
D. Concern for pressure drop.
E. Velocity.

.

Valves

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Valves

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Valves

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BUILDING SERVICES AND

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

Bonnet: The cover for the opening in the valve body.

Trim (internal elements):The internal elements of a valve

Actuator (Hand wheel): Operates the stem and disk

Packing : It is used to prevent leakage from the space

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

• Pressure Balanced Valve

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

When closed, the hole in the sphere is perpendicular to the pipe.

When the lever is parallel to the pipe, the valve is open.

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

Diaphragm valves are generally used as shutoff or stop valves.

Diaphragm valve is used with dangerous and toxic liquid

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

Globe valves are used to throttle or limit the flow of water.

The stopper seals into a baffle to stop flow.

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

are used to maintain a constant temperature of water in domestic showers or

Many jurisdictions require pressure balanced valves in domestic bathrooms and

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

Located at the lower end of the pump.

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

B.ARCH-II SEM - IV Building Services and Equipment-II Faculty of Architecture, SCET

You might also like