Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

Lesson Exemplar in Mathematical Problem Solving

Grade 10

Developer Minervina V. Jimenez

School Candon National High School
Days of Implementation

I. MELCs Solves problems involving polynomials and polynomial equations.

(M10AL-Ij-1)
II. Topic Solving Problems Involving Polynomials and Polynomial Equations

III. Learning Mathematics Learners Module in Grade 10, pages 94-95

Resources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jLLy9-QqKw

IV. Lesson Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

Proper
a. Activity Activity: Watch me! The students will watch the one-
(This part contains minute video attentively.
motivational activity,
and activity to Let the students watch a video on
activate prior making a paper box and answer
knowledge/
introduce the lesson.
the questions that follow.
The activities are
generally done in [Teacher presents the guide
group. The activities
must have direct questions prior to showing the
bearing to the lesson video clip]
to be discussed.) 1. What are the materials One needs an A4 bond paper or
needed in making a paper a colored paper to fold, ruler,
box? and cutter.
2. In your own words, how One must follow the steps in
do you make a paper box? making a paper box:

1. Cut the paper of your desired

length.
2. Fold long edges.
3. Fold corners to opposite
corners.
4. Fold corners to the center
point.
5. Fold edges to the center.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

6. Form the box.

Activity 1. DIY Time
Instructions: Form a group The groups will make the desired
consisting of 5 students and let paper boxes.
the learners make square paper
boxes using colored papers of
sizes 12” and 13”.
Let them answer the following
question.

If I unit is added to the edge of the The learners will ask each other
box, how do you know the volume and begin to investigate.
of the new paper box?
b. Analysis Processing questions of
(This part is done by Activity 1: Paper box
small groups to
analyze several
situations/ In the paper folding activity, what The size of the paper is 12
examples, generally
coming from
is the size of the paper that you inches by 12 inches.
ACTIVITY. This part used?
is used to guide How long is each edge? Each edge measures 12 inches.
learners to come up
with mathematical
representations or Suppose the length of the square Let x be the edge of the box.
ideas. In this part,
the teacher provides
box is not known, how would you
guide questions to represent it?
guide learners in the
correct analysis of
the topic.) What is the area of the base The area (A) is x2
using the representation?

What is the volume of the box The volume (V) is x3

using the representation?

Suppose you are to make a Students' answers may vary.

rectangular box for your school
supplies this time, what would be
the dimensions?
Guide questions:
1. What are the dimensions of [Students present their group
your box? Why? What did you work to class]
consider in making your box?

How would you represent them if

the height is less than 1 unit of Let x be the width.
the width, and the length is 2 x-1 be the height
units more than the width? x+2 be the length
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

What would be the capacity of The capacity of the box would be

the rectangular box? x (x-1)(x+2) cubic units.
c. Abstraction Let the students work in pairs in
(This is the lesson doing the following activities.
proper. Illustrative
examples are given
that link ACTIVTY Activity 2. Represent Me
and ANALYSIS. Instructions: Use polynomials to
Strategies in
teaching are also represent each instance below. Let x be the edge of the
explicitly written in 1. One dimension of a cube is cube.
this portion.
Formative
increased by 1 decimeter. x+1 = the edge of the new block
assessment is also
integrated in this
part.
After the lesson 2. The width of the rectangular Let x be the height of the
proper, learners aquarium is 1 meter less than the rectangular aquarium
provide synthesis
and connections to
height and the length is 2 meters x-1 = width of the aquarium
life.) more than the height. x+2 = length of the aquarium

3. One of the three numbers is Let x be the first number

increased by 3 and the other x+3 is one of the numbers
number is decreased by 2. x-2 is the other number
Note: Let the learners write their
answers on the board and
explain their representations.

Activity 3. Naaalala mo pa ba si
x?
Instructions: Use synthetic 1. Consider the factors of -9
division to find the solutions of the which are ±1, ±3, ±9 as trial
polynomial equations in x. divisors.
1. x3 + x2 – 9x – 9 = 0
-1 1 1 -9 -9

-1 0 9
1 0 -9 0

3 3 9
1 3 0

-3 -3
1 0

By the Rational Root

Theorem, the roots or solutions
are -3, -1, and 3.
2. 2x3 + 9x2 – 33x + 14 = 0
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

2. Consider the factors of 14

which are ±1, ±2, ±7, and ±14 as
trial divisors.

2 2 9 -33 14

4 26 -14
2 13 -7 0

-7 -14 7
2 -1 0

1/2 1
2 0
By the Rational Root Theorem,
the roots or solutions are -7, 2,
and 1/2.
The next one will be a guided
activity by pair. Representation:
Activity 4: Are you a model of Let x be the edge of the
polynomial equations? cube.
Instructions: Illustrate each x+1 = the edge of the new block
problem below, formulate a Illustration:
polynomial equation about it and
solve it.
1. The grade 10 students of
Candon National High School
Drafting class designed a broom
box. Originally, it was in the form What to find?
of a cube but decided to increase Find the length of the edge of
one dimension by one decimeter the original cube.
to form a rectangular block. If the Solution:
volume of the new block is 1100 The volume of the new figure
cubic decimeters, find the length formed is
of the edge of the original cube. x(x)(x+1) = 1100
Using synthetic division, we
have:
x3 + x2 – 1100 = 0

10 1 1 0 -1100

10 110 1100
1 11 110 0

Hence, x is 10 by the Rational

Root Theorem.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

Also, recalling that depressed

equation is the equation
resulting from reducing the
number of roots in an equation
and analyzing the coefficients of
the depressed equation x2 + 11x
+ 110=0, there are no more real
roots since b2-4ac = 112 -
4(1)(110)= 121-440 is <0.
Checking:
x(x)(x+1) = 1100
10 (10) (10+1) = 1100
100 (11) = 1100
1100 = 1100
Therefore, the edge of the
original figure is 10 decimeters.
2. The Agri-Fishery class of
DRGMNHS planned to build a Representation:
rectangular aquarium. The width Let x be the height of the
of the aquarium is 1 meter less rectangular aquarium
than the height and the length is x-1 = width of the aquarium
2 meters more than the height. If x+2 = length of the aquarium
the volume of the aquarium is 8 Illustration:
cubic meters, find the x-1
dimensions of the aquarium.
x

x+2

What to find?
Find the dimensions of the
aquarium.
Solution:
The volume of the aquarium
is x(x-1)(x+2) = 8.
Using synthetic division, we
have:
x3 + x2 -2x – 8 = 0

2 1 1 -2 -8

2 6 8
1 3 4 0
Hence, x equals 2. Analyzing the
representations, and considering
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

the discriminant, there could be

no other real values of x except
2. So, substituting, we have
x = 2 meters (height of the
aquarium)
x-1 = 2-1 = 1meter (width of the
aquarium)
x+2 = 2+2 = 4 meters (length of
the aquarium)
Checking:
x(x-1)(x+2) = 8.
2 (2-1) (2+2) = 8
2(1)(4) = 8
8 = 8
Therefore, the dimensions of the
aquarium are 4 meters by 1
meter by 2 meters.
SYNTHESIZE ME!
Let the learners answer the The expected answers of the
questions below to concretize learners are as follows:
their concepts.
1. How do you solve problems To solve problems involving
involving polynomials and polynomials and polynomial
polynomial equations? equations, one must read,
comprehend, and analyze the
given real-life situation.
Represent and illustrate the
problem, identify what to find,
solve, check, and interpret the
results.
2. What are the prior concepts The prior concepts needed to
needed to solve problems solve problems involving
involving polynomials and polynomials and polynomial
polynomial equations? equations are the process of
synthetic division, and the
remainder, factor, and rational
root theorems. One must also be
familiar with the dimensions,
formulas for areas, and volumes
CONNECT ME! of solids.
Were there instances at home or
in your community where you
were asked to adjust dimensions I can remember when we were
of boxes, gardens, lots, tables? adjusting the dimensions of our
What did you do so that the new temporary fence at the farm. The
materials were a little bit short,
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

dimensions of the material fit so we had to add more length. We

exactly the area? used tape measure to get the
additional dimensions.
d. Application Let the learners do the activity
(This is the by group. A gallery walk will be
assessment part.
Usually, done for the purpose of
differentiated presenting the answers.
activities are Learners will verify the answers
provided for
learners.) after comparing their work with
the other groups.

Activity 5. Solve and Check Me. Representation:

Instructions. Figure out each Let A be the base area of the
problem below, formulate a rectangular box with a height of
polynomial equation about it and (x-1) inches.
solve it. Illustration:
1. Miss Reyes placed a
rectangular learners’ kit full of
school supplies in the learners’ x-1 dm
pantry of her classroom. If the
height of the box is (x – 1) Area of the base =?
decimeters with a volume of x3
+3 x2 -x – 3 = 0 cubic What to find?
decimeters, find the area of the Find the area of the rectangular
rectangular base of the box. base of the box.
Solution:
The volume of the box is x3 +3
x2 -x – 3 = 0 cubic decimeters
with a height of (x-1) decimeters.
Using synthetic division, we
have:

1 1 3 -1 -3

1 4 3
1 4 3 0
Hence, the depressed equation
is x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 which is also
the area of the base of the
rectangular box.
Checking:
height times the area of the base
(A) equals the volume of the box
(x-1)( x2 + 4x + 3)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

= x3 +3 x2 -x – 3 cubic
decimeters
Therefore, the area (A) of the
rectangular base of the box is x2
+ 4x + 3 square decimeters.

Representation:
Let x be the first number
x+3 is one of the numbers
2. The product of the three x-2 is the other number
numbers is 56. One of the three Solution:
numbers is increased by 3 and The product of the three
the other number is decreased by numbers is
2. Find the numbers. x(x+3)(x-2) = 56.
x3 + x2 -6x –56 = 0
Using synthetic division, we
have:
4 1 1 -6 -56

4 20 56
1 5 14 0
If the remainder or value is zero,
4 is a solution by the factor
theorem. So,
x = 4 the first number
x+3 = 4 + 3 = 7 is one of the
numbers
x-2 = 4 – 2 = 2 is the other
number
Check:
x(x+3)(x-2) = 56
4 (4+3) (4-2) = 56
4 (7) (2) = 56
56 = 56
Therefore, the three numbers
whose product is 56 are 4, 7,
and 2.
V. Agreement Solve the problem completely.
(This part contains 1. A rectangular storage unit has dimensions 1 by 2 by 4 feet. If
activities that
students can do at each dimension is increased by the same number of units, how
home. The usual many should these units be to create a new storage unit with
strategy is to give volume nine times the old?
two problems where
one is considered an Representation:
additional item for Let x be the number of units added to the original dimensions
plus points)
(x+1)(x+2)(x+4) be the new dimensions of the new storage unit
(x+1)(x+2)(x+4) = 9(1)(2)(4) = 72 cubic feet be the volume of the
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

new storage unit

Illustration: x
x+1

x+2

x+4
Solution:
The volume of the new storage unit is (x+1)(x+2)(x+4) = 72.
x3 + 7x2 +14x + 8 = 72
x3 + 7x2 +14x –64 = 0
Using synthetic division, we have:
2 1 7 14 -64

2 18 64
1 9 32 0 Hence, 2 is a solution of the equation.
By analyzing the representations and considering the discriminant,
there could be no other real values of x except 2.
Therefore, the number of units to be added to each dimension of
the storage unit should be 2 to obtain a volume of 9 times the
original volume of 8 cubic feet.

2. Get a shoe box and get its dimension using a ruler. If you are to
increase each dimension by two inches, what will be the new
dimensions, and volume of the box?

Prepared by: Minervina V. Jimenez

Candon National High School
Date:____________________

Noted:

School Head: Alejandro F. Haboc, Jr., EdD

Date:____________________

Reviewed/ Quality Assured by:

Feljone G. Ragma, EdD Ma. Cecilia B. Mangay-ayam, PhD

Education Program Supervisor Education Program Supervisor
Date:________________________ Date:________________________
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY

Alejandro F. Haboc, Jr., EdD Eliezer G. Villanueva, Sr., EdD

School Principal III Head Teacher VI, Mathematics Department
Date:________________________ Date:________________________