Wireline Module 5

Index
Page

1 FACILITY SAFETY 1-1

1.1 RULES AND REGULATIONS 1-1
1.1.1 Classroom House Rules 1-1
1.1.2 Workshop Or Well Site Rules 1-2
1.1.3 Course Rules 1-3
1.1.4 Fire Plan 1-4

2 SAFETY OFFSHORE 2-1

2.1 CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH (COSHH) 2-1
2.1.1 Ill Health And Hazardous Substances At Work 2-1
2.1.2 COSHH Regulations 2-1
2.1.3 Hazard And Risk 2-2
2.1.4 Hazard 2-2
2.1.5 Risk 2-2
2.1.6 Complying With COSHH 2-2
2.1.7 Assessment 2-3
2.1.8 Who Carries Out The Assessment 2-3
2.1.9 Recording And Reviewing The Assessment 2-3
2.2 H2 S GAS 2-3
2.2.1 H2 S May Be Found 2-4
2.2.2 Precautions Against H2 S Gas 2-4
2.2.3 Control 2-4
2.3 LIFTING TECHNIQUE 2-4
2.4 THE PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM 2-9
2.4.1 Safe Working System 2-9
2.4.2 Overview Of The Permit To Work System 2-9
2.4.3 Permits To Work 2-10
2.4.4 Supplementary Certificate 2-15
2.4.5 Definition Of Personnel And Responsibilities 2-17
2.4.6 Procedure For Completing A Permit To Work Form 2-18

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3 CIRCULATION DEVICES 3-1

3.1 SLIDING SLEEVES 3-1
3.1.1 Otis ‘XO’ Sliding Sleeve 3-3
3.1.2 Otis ‘XD’ Sliding Sleeve 3-5
3.1.3 Otis ‘XA’ Sliding Sleeve 3-5
3.1.4 Otis ‘AO’ Sliding Sleeve 3-5
3.1.5 Otis ‘RD’ and ‘RO’ Sliding Sleeve 3-5
3.1.6 Otis ‘RA’ Sliding Sleeve 3-5
3.1.7 Baker Model ‘L’ Sliding Sleeve 3-5
3.2 POSITIONING TOOLS 3-6
3.2.1 Otis Type ‘B’ Positioning Tool 3-6
3.2.2 Baker ‘D2’ Shifting Tool 3-8
3.3 SIDE POCKET MANDRELS (SPM) 3-10
3.3.1 Camco ‘MMG’ Side Pocket Mandrel 3-10
3.3.2 Camco ‘KBMG’ Side Pocket Mandrel 3-10
3.3.3 Camco ‘KBUG’ Side Pocket Mandrel 3-12
3.3.4 Otis ‘WB’ Side Pocket Mandrel 3-12
3.3.5 Otis ‘RW’ Side Pocket Mandrel 3-12
3.3.6 Otis ‘RL’ Side Pocket Mand rel 3-12
3.4 KICKOVER TOOLS 3-13
3.4.1 Camco Type ‘O’ Kickover Tool 3-13
3.4.2 Teledyne Merla ‘TP’ and ‘TMP’ Kickover Tool 3-16
3.5 LATCHES 3-21
3.5.1 ‘BK’ Latch 3-21
3.5.2 ‘BEK-2’ Latch 3-21
3.5.3 ‘RK’ Latch 3-21
3.5.4 ‘RK-1’ Latch 3-21
3.5.5 ‘RKP’ Latch 3-21
3.5.6 Otis ‘R’ Latch 3-23
3.5.7 ‘RA’ Latch 3-23
3.5.8 ‘M’ Latch 3-23
3.5.9 ‘T2’ Latch 3-23
3.6 SIDE POCKET VALVES 3-25
3.6.1 Introduction 3-25
3.6.2 Camco Type ‘RDO’, ‘RDO-20’, ‘DKO-2’ 3-26
3.6.3 Otis Spreadmaster 3-28
3.6.4 Teledyne Merla Type ‘LN-20R’ 3-30
3.7 CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVES 3-31
3.7.1 Camco Type ‘ LK-3’, ‘RLC-3’ 3-31
3.7.2 Camco Type ‘BKHLK’, ‘BKLK-2’ 3-32
3.8 CIRCULATING VALVES 3-34
3.8.1 Camco Type ‘RG-1’, ‘RG-2’, ‘RGR-2’ 3-34
3.8.2 Camco Type ‘RCS’, ‘CSK-1’ 3-36
3.9 RETRIEVABLE WATER FLOOD REGULATORS 3-38
3.9.1 Camco Type ‘RW’, ‘RWW’, ‘KCW’, ‘KWW’ 3-38
3.10 RETRIEVABLE DIFFERENTIAL DUMP/KILL VALVES 3-40
3.10.1 Camco Type ‘DCK-2’, ‘DCR-1’ 3-40

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3.11 RETRIEVABLE DUMMY VALVES 3-42
3.11.1 Camco Type ‘RD’, ‘E’, ‘DK-1’ 3-42
3.12 SPECIFIC TRAINING PROGRAMME 3-44
3.12.1 Training Objectives and Responsibilities 3-44
3.12.2 Safety 3-44
Your Training Profile 3-45
3.12.3 Proficiency Requirements 3-46
3.12.4 Experience record for Otis Type ‘B’ Positioning Tool 3-47
3.12.5 Experience record for Baker Type ‘D2’ Shifting Tool 3-48
3.12.6 Experience record for Camco Type ‘OK’/’OM’ Kickover Tools 3-49
3.12.7 Experience record for Merla Type ‘TP’/’TMP’ Kickover Tools 3-50
Assignments 3-51

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1 FACILITY SAFETY

1.1 RULES AND REGULATIONS

1.1.1 Classroom House Rules
a) Starting time will be 08:30 and finishing time 17:30, Monday through Friday.
• Coffee Breaks - 15 minutes in the morning.
- 15 minutes in the afternoon, depending on workload.
• Lunch break will be 30 minutes or at the instructor's discretion.

b) All materials, handouts etc. will be collected and left tidy on your desk at the end of
each day.
• Empty coffee cups and rubbish must be disposed in the bins provided.

c) Due to the number of students which may be using the facility at the same time, the
canteen will become busy. We therefore request that after you have finished eating
you return to the recreation area, smoking area or elsewhere until the class begins
again. This will allow other students and staff access to the canteen.
d) A sensible dress code will be expected while working in the classroom.

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1.1.2 Workshop Or Well Site Rules
a) Lockers
Lockers will be provided for all students during the course. The locker will be your
personal responsibility and kept clean and tidy. Also keep the changing room tidy.

b) Wellsite
We must assume the work area is a pipe deck offshore and respect it the same manner.
• All equipment must be rigged up and laid out neatly.
• All oil or diesel spillage must be mopped up immediately using the oil spill
granules or cleaning fluids provided.
• After rigging down the unit, the workbench and tools must be cleaned and
returned to the appropriate storage place and left as you would expect to find it.

c) All downhole tools used will be stripped, cleaned and redressed, if necessary, ready
for the next class.
d) When outside on the Training Well you will always wear the following:
• Hard Hat
• Safety Boots
• Coveralls
• Safety Glasses
• Gloves
• Hearing Protection as required

e) Equipment operating signals

There are a number of signals that must be learnt know in order to acknowledge proper
functioning and movement of the wireline equipment. These signals will be demonstrated
to you and must be used at all times when working with the wireline unit.

f) Safety harness
As offshore, all students must wear a safety harness while working any more than 1.5
metres off the ground.
• While rigging the equipment up or down these safety harnesses will be
provided and will be used.

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1.1.3 Course Rules
1) Personnel safety is paramount. Always wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
when working outside, in the workshop or wellhead areas.
2) Report all accidents or incidents to your instructor, no matter how trivial they may
seem at the time. Seek medical aid if required. If accidents are not reported,
appropriate actions cannot be implemented to prevent similar future occurrences.
3) No alcohol is to be consumed in the training centre, unless authorised for special non-
training occasions. Any student found under the influence of alcohol will be
immediately expelled from the class and reported to his immediate line manager.
4) Full effort by students is expected on all courses.
5) Random alcohol and/or substance abuse test may be carried out during the term of
the course.
6) PPE and dirty clothes/shoes shall not be worn inside the building i.e. classroom,
recreation area, office, etc.
7) As you are not the only students using the facility, please show respect for others.
No foul language and no obscene materials are allowed.
8) Good housekeeping is required everywhere, including the locker facilities and toilets.
9) You are expected to be in class by 08.30 am each day and you will be allowed coffee
and lunch breaks at the set times. Your course instructor will advise you of these
times.
10) The course register must be filled in each day. The register keeper should deliver it
to the training secretary by 08.45 am.
11) Tristar operate a no smoking policy within the training centre, however a designated
smoking area is provided for delegates.

SIGNED DATE

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1.1.4 Fire Plan

Figure 1.1 - Emergency Fire Plan

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2 SAFETY OFFSHORE

2.1 CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH

(COSHH)
2.1.1 Ill Health And Hazardous Substances At Work
Every year exposure to hazardous substances at work affects the health of many thousands
of people. The results can be discomfort, pain, time off work and, all too often, premature
retirement and early death. Some common examples are:
• Long term disability from lung disease following years of work in industry
conditions.
• Injuries to hands and eyes from contact with corrosive liquids.
• Death or injury from exposure to toxic fumes - damage can be caused by the
fumes and by falling after losing consciousness.

Apart from the pain and suffering, there is also a high economic price to be paid for all this
occupation ill health. The workers and their families lose earnings. Employers lose money
from reduced productivity and lost production. Accidents cause disruption. Prosecutions
and civil actions can be very expensive. The nation as a whole has to pay for the sickness
benefit and National Health Service care involved.

2.1.2 COSHH Regulations

The COSHH Regulations provide a framework to help protect personnel in the workplace
against health risks from hazardous substances. Some examples of such substances were
given above. There are many others. They may be used directly in the work, like paints,
cleaning materials and chemical reagents, or they may arise from the work, like dusts,
fumes and waste products. Others occur naturally, such as fungal spores in agriculture.
COSHH lays down a sensible step-by-step approach to the necessary precautions. It sets
out essential measures that employers, and sometimes employees have to take. Failure to
comply with COSHH may expose people to risk and is an offence subject to penalties
under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (HSWA), but it is better to look at
COSHH as a useful tool of good management. In a recent HSE survey, employers who put
real effort into making COSHH work reported many benefits from doing so. For example,
they had saved money from tighter control over the use and storage of materials, through
staff training on COSHH and led to better understanding of health and safety, improved
morale and industrial relations.
All employers have to consider how COSHH affects their business. Many are able to
comply with the regulations with little trouble, while others whose work involves greater
risks have more to comply with.

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2.1.3 Hazard And Risk
The words hazard and risk are used often in this section. They have special meanings in
the regulations and guidance about substances at work. The difference between them is
important for a correct understanding of COSHH.

2.1.4 Hazard
The hazard presented by a substance is its potential to cause harm. It may cause coughing,
damage to internal organs or even cause death. Some substances can cause harm in several
ways, by breathing, swallowing or absorption through the skin.

2.1.5 Risk
The risk from a substance is the likelihood that it will cause harm during use. This depends
on:
• The hazard presented by the substance
• How it is used
• Control of exposure
• Quantity exposed to
• Length of exposure
• Personal vulnerability

There can be a substantial risk even from a substance that is not particularly hazardous, if
exposure is excessive. With proper precautions, however, the risk of being harmed by even
the most hazardous of substances can be very small.

2.1.6 Complying With COSHH

Complying with COSHH involves:
• Assessing the risks to health arising from your work.
• Deciding what precautions are needed. Work must not be carried out, which
may expose employees to hazardous substances unless both the risks and
necessary precautions have been assessed, it will be unlikely that the correct
precautions have been taken.
• Preventing or controlling the risks. The advice in this leaflet, and in the other
guidance it refers to, will help you get the assessment right, but remember that
even a perfect assessment achieves nothing unless its conclusions are put into
practice.
• Ensuring that control measures are used and maintained properly, and that any
safety procedures that have been laid down are followed.
• Monitoring the exposure of workers to hazardous substances and carrying out
appropriate health surveillance, where necessary.
• Informing, instructing and training employees about the risks and the
precautions required.

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2.1.7 Assessment
Assessment means identifying the hazards, weighing up the risks and deciding what further
action is required.
Only by such a systematic approach can it be ensured the protection of the health of
personnel who may be harmed by work activities. Piecemeal efforts are likely to be costly
and waste effort without achieving the correct results.

2.1.8 Who Carries Out The Assessment

The responsibility for the assessment rests with safety management even when others do
some or even most of the work of preparing the assessment. Whoever carries out the
assessment will need to:
• Have access to the COSHH Regulations and appropriate Approved Codes of
Practice
• Understand the requirements of those Regulations and Codes of Practice
• Have the ability and authority to get all the necessary information and to make
correct decisions about the risk and the precautions needed

If it has been concluded that there is no likelihood of risk to health, or any risk is
insignificant, the assessment is complete and no further action is needed (until review of
the assessment). If it is concluded that there are risks to health, it has to be decided what
else is needed to comply fully with the regulations.

2.1.9 Recording And Reviewing The Assessment

Unless assessment is so simple that it can easily be recalled and the conclusions explained
at any time, it should be put it in writing. Sufficient information should be included to
show how decisions about risks and precautions were arrived at and to make it clear to your
employees and others what role they have to play in the precautions.
The assessment should be reviewed regularly, at intervals of no less than 5 years duration,
whenever there is reason to believe that it is no longer valid or where there has been a
significant change in the work. It should be stated in the assessment when the next review
is intended.

2.2 H2 S GAS
Properties and dangers of H2 S gas
• H2 S is a highly toxic (as dangerous as cyanide), flammable, colourless gas
heavier than air with the odour of rotten eggs.
• Even very low concentrations impairs the sense of smell, quickly causes
unconsciousness and kills.
• Be aware of the hazards and the proper precautions to avoid its effects.
• H2 S concentrations greater than 10 parts per million are dangerous.
• H2 S dangerously corrodes equipment not designed for H2 S (sour) service.

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2.2.1 H2 S May Be Found
• At any well site.
• In the yard, when breaking down equipment even if the equipment has come
from sweet field due to the effects of sulphate reducing bacteria.
• In laboratories.

2.2.2 Precautions Against H2 S Gas

In the absence of any other information, always assume H2 S is likely to be present. In areas
where there is a risk of H2 S being present, either portable or fixed H2 S detection equipment
must be used.
In well test operations a check for H2 S will be carried out and reported as soon as reservoir
fluids reach surface. Regular subsequent checks will be carried out and reported.
Should the presence of H2 S be established, supervisors must be informed so that action can
be taken to control the risk.
Persons in areas of risk must withdraw to a safe area, generally upwind in an elevated
position.
In established H2 S areas, breathing apparatus and resuscitators must be available.
Personnel must familiarise themselves with the locally available breathing apparatus and
resuscitators.
PPM %
1 .0001 Can Smell.
10 .001 Allowable exposure – 8 Hours.
Danger Level
100 .01 Kills smell in 3-15 mins – burns
eyes and throat.
500 .05 Loses sense of reasoning and
balance. Respiratory disturbances
in 2-15 minutes.
700 .07 Becomes unconscious quickly.
1000 .1 Unconscious at once. Permanent
brain damage may result.
Table 2.1 – Toxicity Table

2.2.3 Control
As with other hazardous substances, safe working with H2 S is controlled by the Control of
Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations. Company Health and Safety
System N0. 802 - Hydrogen Sulphide, details the procedures that have to be followed to
control exposure to H2 S.

2.3 LIFTING TECHNIQUE

AVOID UN-NECESSARY INJURY, GET INTO THE KINETIC LIFTING HABIT.
Here are some important points, using a basic lifting operation as an example.

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a) Stop and think
Plan the lift. Where is the load to be placed?
Use appropriate aids if possible. Do you need
help with the load? Remove obstructions such
as discarded wrapping materials. For a long
lift, such as floor to shoulder height, consider
resting the load mid-way on a table or bench in
order to change grip.

b) Position the feet

Feet apart, giving balanced and stable base for
lifting (tight skirts and unsuitable footwear
make this difficult). Leading leg as far
forward as is comfortable.

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c) Adopt a good posture
When lifting from a low level, bend the knees.
But do not kneel or overflex the knees. Keep
the back straight (tucking in the chin helps).
Lean forward a little over the load if necessary
to get a good grip. Keep the shoulders level
and facing the same direction as the hips.

d) Get a firm grip

Try to keep the arms within the boundary
formed by the legs. The best position and type
of grip depends on the circumstances and
individual preference; but it must be secure. A
hook grip is less tiring than keeping the fingers
straight. If you need to vary the grip as the lift
proceeds, do it is smoothly as possible.

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e) Keep close to the load
Keep the load close to the trunk for as long as possible. Keep the heaviest side of the load
next to the trunk. If a close approach to the load is not possible, slide it towards you before
trying to lift.

f) Don’t jerk
Lift smoothly, keeping control of the load.

g) Move the feet

Don’t twist the trunk when turning to the side.

h) Put down, then adjust

If precise positioning of the load is necessary, put it down first, then slide into the desired
position.

i) Individual capability
For the working population the guideline weights will give reasonable protection to nearly
all men and between one-half and two-thirds of women. To provide similar protection to
nearly all working women, reduce the guideline weights by about a third.
Any operation involving more than twice the guideline weights should be rigorously
assessed - even for very fit, well-trained individuals working under favourable conditions.

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CAUTION: The guidelines are not precise weights. Use them with caution. If in
doubt, make a more detailed assessment.

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2.4 THE PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM
2.4.1 Safe Working System
The purpose of the Permit To Work system (PTW) is to achieve a safe working
environment by providing management control over the various activities which may have
hazardous interactions. The system has four key features:
• It limits the potentially harmful effects of the actions of the person doing the
work, by specifying safety precautions and setting limits to the duration and
extent of the work
• It allows those responsible for overall Installation safety to be aware of the
various hazardous activities and to take a systematic overview which identifies
interactions and allows priorities to be set for conflicting work tasks
• It encourages formal and careful attention to safe systems of working, by
requiring the signature of specified individuals who must confirm that all
hazards have been identified and effective precautions taken
• It encourages those responsible for overall site safety to plan the carrying out of
tasks so that minimal inconvenience and interference is caused to other tasks or
production.

The PTW system requires the involvement of competent and responsible persons as well as
the application of particular safety measures in a controlled sequence. The PTW system
ensures that responsibility and accountability for safe working practices is passed in a
logical sequence to those responsible for the work being carried out at any given time, and
ensures that specified effective safeguards are provided.
The Tristar PTW system in operation at the training centre, has been formulated from
various offshore PTW systems to cover the activities carried out at Tristar’s unique training
facility.

2.4.2 Overview Of The Permit To Work System

The PTW system requires the allocating of a task to one of the following categories:
• Hot Work (Naked Flame)
• Hot Work (Spark Potential)
• Cold Work (Well Intervention)
• Cold Work (General Operation)
• No Permit Required.

Supplementary certificates may be required to augment the PTW when specialist activities
are performed in conjunction with a task. While separate from the PTW, they are clearly
cross-referenced on each document.
• Confirmation of isolation
• Entry

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2.4.3 Permits To Work
Hot Work (Naked Flame) Permit
a) Activities Covered
• A Hot Work (Naked Flame) Permit is required if the task involves the use of a
flame or other source of ignition. For example:
• Electrical welding
• Flame cutting
• Electrical induction pre-heating/stress relieving
• Use of heat shrink blowers
• Grinding.

b) Colour
The Hot Work (Naked Flame) Permit is red in colour.

c) Period of Validity
The Hot Work (Naked Flame) Permit is valid for a continuous period of up to 24 hours.
Revalidation is required every 12 hours or at a shift change.

d) Signatories
The Hot Work (Naked Flame) Permit must be approved by the Permit Officer or his
appointed deputy.

e) Copies
There are two copies of each Hot Work (Naked Flame) Permit. They are distributed as
follows:
• Original Performing Authority, for display at worksite
• First Copy Permit office.

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Hot Work (Spark Potential) Permit
a) Activities Covered
A Hot Work (Spark Potential) Permit is required if the task may produce or expose a
possible source of ignition. For example:
• Use of non-certified electrical/electronic equipment (megger, avometer, battery
drills, power tools, etc.)
• Opening live junction boxes
• Use of air or hydraulic powered metal cutting, chipping or caulking tools
• Use of electrical soldering irons
• Use of explosives and perforating guns
• Use of powered steel wire brushes
• Dry grit/shot blasting
• Use of battery powered camera with/without flash
• Needle gunning.

b) Colour
The Hot Work (Spark Potential) Permit is green in colour.

c) Period of Validity
The Hot Work (Spark Potential) Permit is valid for a continuous period of up to 72 hours.
Revalidation is required every 12 hours or at a shift change.

d) Signatories
The Hot Work (Spark Potential) Permit must be approved by the Permit Officer or his
appointed deputy..

e) Copies
There are two copies of each Hot Work (Spark Potential) Permit. They are distributed as
follows:
• Original Performing Authority, for display at worksite
• First Copy Permit office.

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Cold Work (Well Intervention) Permit
a) Activities Covered
A Cold Work (Well Intervention) Permit is required for a task which may not involve hot
work but still has a high risk potential. For example:
• Well servicing/wireline/coiled tubing/ logging operations.

b) Colour
The Cold Work (Well Intervention) Permit is yellow in colour.

c) Period of Validity
The Cold Work (Well Intervention) Permit is valid for continuous period of up to 24 hours.
Revalidation is required every 12 hours or at a shift change.

d) Signatories
The Cold Work (Well Intervention) Permit must be approved by the Permit Officer or his
appointed deputy.

e) Copies
There are two copies of each Cold Work (Well Intervention) Permit. They are distributed
as follows:
• Original Performing Authority, for display at worksite
• First Copy Permit Office.

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Cold Work (General Operation) Permit
a) Activities Covered
A Cold Work (General Operation) Permit is required for work which does not fall into the
preceding categories of Permit, yet still requires to be covered by a Permit.
For example:
• Brush painting operations
• General maintenance
• Erection and dismantling of scaffolds
• Work on isolated electrical equipment
• Installation of instrumentation pipework, cables and termination’s (no live tie-
ins)
• Wet shot/grit blasting
• Any work affecting the integrity or availability of safety or emergency systems
e.g., fire pumps, fire mains, shutdown systems, fire and gas detection
• Any repair, construction or overhaul work on communication systems or
equipment
• Persons(s) being in exposed locations e.g., outboard of handrails, underneath
the Installation, access to flare or derrick, or where persons may fall 2 metres or
more
• Pressure testing of plant and equipment
• Any work inside enclosed or confined spaces including tanks, vessels or non-
operational, non-ventilated areas where hazardous concentrations of toxic or
flammable gases, fumes or vapours might arise or where the oxygen content of
the air could be reduced to below 20% by volume or an excess of oxygen may
be present
• Work involving use of certified personnel work baskets
• Removal of handrails, gratings, ladders, etc.
• Chemical cleaning
• Handling of hazardous substances e.g., radioactive sources, toxic/corrosive
chemicals, asbestos, etc.
• High pressure water jetting
• Spraying of paint
• Heavy lifts, e.g. over wellheads
• Specialised rigging operations
• Any out of the ordinary activity.

b) Colour
The Cold Work (General Operation) Permit is blue in colour.

c) Period of Validity
The Cold Work (General Operation) Permit is valid for a continuous period of up to 72
hours. Revalidation is required every 12 hours or at a shift change.

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d) Signatories
The Cold Work (General Operation) Permit must be signed by the Permit Officer or his
appointed deputy.

e) Copies
There are two copies of each Cold Work (General Operation) Permit. They are distributed
as follows:
• Original Performing Authority, for display at worksite
• First Copy Permit office.

No Permit Required
a) Activities Covered
Under certain circumstances the Permit Officer may allow work to be carried out in his
area of control without the issue of a Permit. The discretion to use this facility lies entirely
with the Permit Officer. The decision must be taken only after deliberate consideration of
the circumstances.
The Permit Officer may give a verbal instruction or use a Maintenance Request form to
allow work to be carried out by suitably competent persons.
The work must not be hazardous to either the person who carries it out or to anyone else,
and the Permit Officer must be satisfied that all reasonably practicable steps have been
taken to ensure the safety of those involved, and anyone else that the work might affect.
Activities covered may include:
• Routine materials handling
• Routine work in offices.
• General cold work inside workshops
• Visual inspection of areas (not including confined spaces)
• Operating or demonstrating portable fire-fighting equipment or life saving
appliances during drills or training.

b) Workshop Operations
At his discretion the Permit Officer may issue, in the form of a memorandum, standing
orders to cover operations in workshops. Such orders can be valid only for designated
workshops and the authorised use of permanent facilities provided in the workshops. The
order should be prominently displayed in the workshops to which it refers. The
memorandum should include specific precautions and conditions to be observed.

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2.4.4 Supplementary Certificate
Isolation Confirmation Certificate

a) Activities Covered
Before a Permit to Work can be issued for a task it may be necessary for the equipment or
plant to be worked on to be isolated. The Isolation Confirmation Certificate (ICC)
combines on one document a record of all the isolations required for a task to proceed in
safety. The equipment may require isolation from:
• Sources of electricity
• Process fluids and pressure
• Mechanical drive
• Control systems.

The ICC ensures that the isolations are applied and documented in a thorough, systematic
manner.

b) Period of Validity
The ICC is raised before the Permit to Work is issued, and it remains in force at least until
the Permit to Work is cancelled. The ICC will only be cancelled upon the cancellation
declaration being signed by the Area Authority.

c) Signatories
The ICC must be signed by the Permit Officer or his deputy and each of the involved
Isolating Authorities. The Permit Officer signs for isolations to be applied or removed and
to certify that the plant is available for return to normal operations.
The Isolating Authorities sign for each isolation they apply and remove.

d) Copies
There are two copies of each ICC. One copy is retained by the issuing Isolating Authority,
the second copy is given to the Permit Office.

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Entry Certificate
a) Activities Covered
An Entry Certificate must be issued when it is necessary for personnel to enter vessels,
tanks, sumps, structural members and enclosed void spaces. Adequate safety precautions
must be taken to prevent anyone who enters these confined spaces from suffering harm or
injury.
The purpose of the Entry Certificate is to certify the atmospheric conditions inside the
confined space and stipulate the level or precautions while work is being carried out. The
Entry Certificate does not permit any work to be carried out. The appropriate Permit to
Work must be raised before any task can be undertaken.
The Entry Certificate only allows visual inspection by the Authorised Gas Tester Level 1 to
be done within the space.

b) Period of Validity
The Entry Certificate is valid for an indefinite period subject to gas retest which will be
carried out at a maximum interval of 12 hours. The Permit Officer or Authorised Gas
Tester may stipulate a more frequent retest if conditions dictate.

c) Signatories
The Entry Certificate must be signed by the Permit Officer.

d) Copies
There are two copies of each Entry Certificate. They are distributed as follows:
• Original Performing Authority, for display at worksite
• First Copy Permit office.

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2.4.5 Definition Of Personnel And Responsibilities
Everyone involved on a site or Installation, including owners, employers, contractors and
workers, may have responsibilities under Permit to Work procedures. It is important that
each individual knows what his own responsibilities and duties are and carries them out
properly.
Paragraph 10 Oil Industry Advisory Committee 'A Guide to Principles and
Operations of Permit to Work Procedures'.

a) Permit Officer (PO)

The Permit Officer is responsible for ensuring that written procedures and systems for
Permits to Work are in place. He is responsible for ensuring the competence of relevant
personnel to carry out the functions of the Permit to Work System.
The Permit Officer must approve all Hot Work (Naked Flame), Hot Work (Spark
Potential), Cold Work (Well Intervention) and Entry Certificates.
The Permit Officer may delegate the signing of Cold Work (General Operation) Permits.

b) Performing Authority
The Performing Authority is the senior person actually in charge of the task on a
continuous basis who is present on the site during the work.
The Performing Authority is responsible for and signs the Permit to acknowledge that both
he/she and his/her men will:
• Comply with the conditions specified on the Permit
• Use the protective equipment specified on the Permit.

The Performing Authority signs the Permit at the end of the task to certify:
• The status of the task specified on the Permit
• That all his workforce has been withdrawn from the worksite
• That the worksite has been left safe and clean.

c) Isolating Authority
An Isolating Authority is appointed by the Permit Officer and is responsible for the
application and removal of isolations under an ICC. The Isolating Authority carries out his
duties under the instructions of the Permit Officer. His expertise in his particular discipline
will enable him to advise the Permit Officer as to the isolations required for an ICC or
Sanction to Test. His discipline can be:
• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Process
• Control.

d) Permit Clerk (PC)

The Permit Clerk (PC) is appointed by the Permit Officer. He/she is responsible for
maintaining an up to date register of all active Permits and Certificates.

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2.4.6 Procedure For Completing A Permit To Work Form
The detailed procedures involved in completing the various sections of the Permit to Work
forms are set out in the following subsections. The sequence of compiling a Permit to Work
form is summarised below.

Section Action By Action to be Taken

Number
1 PERFORMING Ensures that Section 1 is completed giving sufficient
AUTHORITY information for subsequent personnel to assess the
task. Dates the anticipated time frame for the task then
signs the section.
2. PERMIT OFFICER Indicates the hazard potential in the equipment, tools,
work area and adjacent or associated work.
3. PERMIT OFFICER Specifies the type of protective clothing to be worn
and equipment to be carried whilst the task is
undertaken.
4. PERMIT OFFICER Lists the Supplementary Certificates raised in
connection with the Permit.
5. PERMIT OFFICER
Specifies whether or not scaffolding should be used.
PERMIT OFFICER
Examines and signs to approve the Permit.
6. PERMIT OFFICER AND Formal handover to Performing Authority, after
PERFORMING worksite inspection for Red and Yellow Permits.
AUTHORITY
Permit PERMIT CLERK The Permit is entered into the Permit Office Register,
Registry Inhibitions instituted, and Permit Number entered on
the Permit form.
7. PERFORMING Statement of completion or non-completion of task
AUTHORITY and worksite inspection with Permit Officer.
PERMIT OFFICER Acceptance by Permit Officer of state of completion
task and worksite inspection. Declaration that systems
where applicable can be returned to normal operation.
8. PERMIT CLERK Completes Permit Office Register.
It should be remembered that persons signing the Work Permit are acknowledging personal
responsibility for the standard of precautions being undertaken and the safe state of the
equipment and/or worksite.

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3 CIRCULATION DEVICES

3.1 SLIDING SLEEVES

a) Purpose
Sliding sleeves or sliding side doors (SSDs) are installed in the tubing during well
completion to provide a means of communication between the tubing and the annulus when
opened.
To bring a well into production after a drilling or workover operation by circulating the
completion fluid into the casing and replacing it with a lighter fluid in the tubing, to kill a
well prior to pulling the tubing during a workover operation (reverse of the previous), and
to allow selective zone production in a multiple zone well completion. SSDs are available
in models which open by shifting the inner sleeve either up or down and any number of
sleeves can be run in the completion string and selectively opened or closed by use of the
appropriate shifting tool.
When selecting the sliding side-door for a completion string, the following should be
noted.
OPEN UP OPEN DOWN
‘AO’ ‘XO’
‘XA’ ‘RO’
‘RA’ ‘XD’
‘L’ ‘RD’
b) Flow Areas
The ‘AO’, ‘XO’ and ‘RO’ by design allow 85% of the tubing flow area.
The ‘XA’ and ‘RA’ by design allow 85%-100% of the tubing flow area depending on size
and grade of material.
The ‘XD’ and ‘RD’ by design allow 100% of tubing flow area.
The ‘L’ sliding sleeve in general allows 100% of the tubing flow area, however, this is
governed by the tensile strength requirement at the flow ports.
The ‘XD’, ‘XO’, ‘RD’ and ‘RO’ SSD are used primarily in deviated wells as they are
enclosed by jarring up where a better impact can be transmitted by the jars.

CAUTION: ENSURE THAT THE TUBING/ANNULUS PRESSURE HAS BEEN

EQUALISED BEFORE THE SSD'S ARE OPENED TO PREVENT
THE WIRELINE TOOLS BEING BLOWN UP OR DOWN THE
HOLE.

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Figure 3.1 - Sliding Sleeves

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3.1.1 Otis ‘XO’ Sliding Sleeve
This is a widely used SSD, available in a choice of sizes of tubing to allow a variety of
premium thread profiles to be fitted and suit all types of completion string. The top sub has
an ‘X’ profile nipple and the bottom sub a polished bore section. This combination allows a
pack off straddle to be set across the SSD should it fail in service. The nipple profile can
also be used for setting plugs, gauge hangers and other flow control devices. In single
selective completions the SSD can be used to produce single or multiple zones by opening
and closing the relevant SSDs. Any number of ‘XO’ SSDs can be run in a single
completion string, all open, all closed or in any combination.
‘XO’ sleeves open down and close up, by jarring on a B positioning tool. The sleeve has a
three-position sequence of, full close - equalize - full open, controlled by a three-stage
collet lock. ‘XO’ SSDs are available in a range of materials to suit the type of service.
Other advantages of the ‘XO’ SSD is that the Vee packing sections are retained stationary
in the central section, which allows the sleeve to be opened even if sand is packed around
the SSD, without damage to the Vee packing sections.

CAUTION: ON INSTALLATION, CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT

THE OPEN AND CLOSE DIRECTIONS ARE CORRECT, THAT
THE SSD MOVES FREELY AND ACCEPTS AN API PRESSURE
TEST INTERNALLY AFTER FUNCTION TEST. THE NIPPLE
PROFILES MUST ALSO BE CHECKED, HYDRAULICALLY,
MECHANICALLY AND VISUALLY.

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Figure 3.2 - Baker Type ‘L’ Sliding Sleeve

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3.1.2 Otis ‘XD’ Sliding Sleeve
The ‘XD’ SSD reduces the pressure loss over the flow ports in heavy crude oil wells. It is
identical in design and operation to the ‘XO’ except for its larger port areas.

3.1.3 Otis ‘XA’ Sliding Sleeve

The ‘XA’ SSD opens up, opposite to the ‘XO’ and ‘XD’, which makes it easier to open in
heavy oil or drilling mud, upward jar action being more effective. The disadvantage is that
the shifting tool is above the flow ports when the sleeve is opened and if there is a pressure
differential across the SSD, there is a greater risk of being blown up the hole.

3.1.4 Otis ‘AO’ Sliding Sleeve

The ‘AO’ SSD opens up and is identical in design and operation to the ‘XO’ except it does
not incorporate an ‘X’ nipple profile.

3.1.5 Otis ‘RD’ and ‘RO’ Sliding Sleeve

The ‘RD’ and ‘RO’ SSD opens down and has an ‘R’ profile.

3.1.6 Otis ‘RA’ Sliding Sleeve

The ‘RA’ SSD opens up and has an ‘R’ profile. (N.B. The ‘R’ series of SSDs are generally
used in heavy-walled tubing installations)

3.1.7 Baker Model ‘L’ Sliding Sleeve

The ‘L’ sliding sleeve is a downhole flow control device used to establish communication
between annulus and tubing. It can be used for displacing, flowing and testing multiple
zone wells, killing, circulating and to a lesser extent gas lifting. Any number of Model ‘L’
sliding sleeves may be run in any single completion and can be opened/up or closed/down
as required with the Type ‘D2’ shifting tool.
The sliding sleeve incorporates a type ‘F’ nipple into which an ‘S-2’, ‘W-2’, ‘G’, ‘F’ or ‘F-
1’ lock mandrel can be selectively or non-selectively set. This can be used as a plug, choke,
separation sleeve, or gauge hanging facility.

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3.2 POSITIONING TOOLS
3.2.1 Otis Type ‘B’ Positioning Tool
a) Standard Keys
The Type ‘B’ positioning tool is required to open and close all type ‘AO’, ‘XA’, ‘RA’,
‘XO’, ‘RO’, ‘XD’ and ‘RD’ SSDs.
(To explain the operation of the ‘B’ positioning tool the ‘XO’ sliding sleeve will be used.
The operation of the types, ‘RO’, ‘XD’, ‘RD’ will be identical. The operation of types
‘XA’, ‘RA’, and ‘AO’ being opposite).
It is run on a standard set of wireline tools and orientated prior to running, for a downward
or upward shift.
To shift a closed ‘XO’ sleeve to the open position the ‘B’ positioning tool is made up to the
wireline tool string with the top sub [5] facing upwards and the 90o shoulder [3] facing
downwards. When passing through the SSD the square shoulder on the keys will engage a
90o shoulder on the internal sleeve of the SSD. The positioning tool keys will lock into the
sleeve profile and downward jarring will move the internal sleeve down.
When full sleeve travel has occurred an internal inclined shoulder in the SSD bottom sub
forces the positioning keys inwards collapsing them. This allows the positioning tool to
pass through the now open SSD. When retrieved the tool should be inspected and if the
shear pin [1] is not sheared then the SSD is open. Confirmation of opening can normally be
seen on surface gauges and can be confirmed by establishing circulation.
Should the pin [1] be sheared then partial opening, or a stuck SSD should be assumed and a
second opening run with a re-pinned positioning tool is required.
To close an open ‘XO’ SSD the body of the positioning tool should be secured into the
wireline tool string with the top sub [5] facing downwards and the 90o shoulder [3] facing
upwards. When the SSD is located the tool string will pass through and when picked back
up will engage the 90o shoulder on the positioning tool will engage the SSD inner sleeve
thereby locating the tool in the SSD. Upward jarring will move the sleeve to the closed
position, engage the positioning tool keys on the inclined internal SSD shoulder and release
the tool.
Should the SSD be stuck or very tight to operate, the shear pin[1] in the positioning tool
will shear and release the positioning tool. Visual inspection of the tool upon retrieval will
confirm shear pin integrity. An annulus test will confirm a closed SSD, and pressure
integrity.
With standard keys [6] installed a ‘B’ positioning tool will open each and every SSD
encountered in a tubing string, or depending on key orientation close all encountered SSDs.

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Figure 3.3 - Otis ‘B’ Positioning Tools

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b) Selective Keys (Positive Keys)
Selective keys [7] differ from standard keys [6] only in that the self releasing profile [4] is
not incorporated on selective keys. Positioning tools fitted with selective keys can only be
released from SSDs by shearing the pin [1] and collapsing the keys.
Therefore in a completion string of four similar sized ‘XO’ SSDs all producing single
zones it is required to close the lower SSD to prevent further water production. The
following procedure should be followed.
A ‘B’ positioning tool equipped with selective keys [7] is installed on a wireline tool string
with the top sub [5] facing down, and the 900 shoulder [3] facing up. In this position the
toolstring will pass through all four SSDs and when picked up will engage the desired SSD.
Continued upward jarring will close the SSD and shear the positioning tool [1] pin
releasing the tool. As the tool is pulled through the remaining SSDs the keys will collapse
and pass through without initiating a close function.

3.2.2 Baker ‘D2’ Shifting Tool

The model ‘D2’ shifting tool is a wireline operated tool designed to open or close the Type
‘L’ sliding-sleeve. Any number of sleeves of the same size, in a single tubing string can be
shifted in any combination or in any sequence.
The shifting tool incorporates an automatic locating collet which gives a positive indication
to the wireline operator when the desired sleeve is reached. The sleeve is opened or closed
by upward or downward jarring. The same tool can be used for both operations by simply
swapping round the end subs. Once the sliding-sleeve has been shifted to its fully open or
closed position, the shifting tool will automatically release. The sleeve can then be checked
that it has fully moved by sitting back into it. If it is in the correct position, the ‘D2’
shifting tool will pass straight through.
The ‘D2’ has a built-in safety feature which can hold it in place when there is an
overbalance from the annulus. It has an emergency release to allow it to be sheared if the L
sliding sleeve will not open or close. The ‘D2’ can also be deliberately released without
shifting the sliding sleeve.

CAUTION: BEFORE RUNNING THE ‘D2’, THE COLLET SIZE AND THE
DISTANCE FROM THE COLLET TO THE SHIFTING DOGS
MUST BE DETERMINED.

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Figure 3.4 - Baker ‘D2’ Shifting Tool

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3.3 SIDE POCKET MANDRELS (SPM)
Side pocket mandrels (SPMs) provide another means of communication between the tubing
and annulus. They act as receptacles for Gas Lift Valves (GLVs), chemical injection
valves, circulating valves, dummy valves and differential dump/kill valves which can be
run or retrieved from a previously selected SPM by wireline.
A SPM consists of an oval or round body shell with an integral forged pocket offset to one
side of the axis. The SPM pocket has a seal bore and a lock profile to accommodate a flow
control device. Located in the upper part of the body is an orientation sleeve which aligns
the Kickover Tool with the side pocket aperture, regardless of the well deviation or the
orientation of the pocket. The side pocket is protected against damage from larger diameter
equipment by a tool discriminator designed to deflect such items away from the pocket.
Side pocket mandrels are available in two sizes of receptacles, 1 ins. and 11 /2 ins.
The ‘K’ series of SPM (1 ins) accepts the ‘R’ designated latches run on ‘OK’ or ‘TMP’
type kickover tools.
The ‘M’ series of SPM (11 /2 ins) accept the ‘B’ designated latches run on an ‘OM’ type or
‘TP’ kickover tool.

3.3.1 Camco ‘MMG’ Side Pocket Mandrel

This model features an orientation sleeve, a forged tool-discriminator and an integral
forged pocket in an oval body shell. Communication is possible from the tubing, through a
flow control device and ports in the side of the mandrel into the casing or visa versa. It
receives 1 1 /2 ins. OD Side Pocket Valves and accessories and offers full tubing drift ID
which allows normal wireline operations through the tubing string.

3.3.2 Camco ‘KBMG’ Side Pocket Mandrel

This is similar to ‘MMG’ except that it receives 1 ins. OD side pocket accessories.

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Figure 3.5 - Side Pocket Mandrels

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3.3.3 Camco ‘KBUG’ Side Pocket Mandrel
This is the same as the ‘KBMG’ except that it is designed with a reduced OD and,
consequently, has a lower pressure rating.

3.3.4 Otis ‘WB’ Side Pocket Mandrel

This is similar to the ‘KBUG’, but is made up from solid round body sections,
circumferentially welded together with larger wall thickness and consequently has a higher
pressure rating.

3.3.5 Otis ‘RW’ Side Pocket Mandrel

This mandrel has an oval OD primarily designed to be run in dual strings where the
combined diameter would not be as great as that of two round type mandrels. It receives 1
ins. OD side pocket valves and accessories and offers full tubing drift ID, which allows
normal wireline operations through the tubing string.

3.3.6 Otis ‘RL’ Side Pocket Mandrel

This mandrel is identical to the ‘RW’ type mandrel except it receives 11 /2 ins. OD side-
pocket valves and accessories.

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3.4 KICKOVER TOOLS
A kickover tool is required to run and pull valves and accessories into and from side pocket
mandrels (SPMs). For ‘KBMG’, ‘KBUG’, ‘WB’ and ‘RW’ SPMs an ‘OK’ type kickover
tool is required and for ‘MMG’ and ‘RL’ SPM's an ‘OM’ kickover tool is required. The
‘O’ series kickover tools are especially suitable for wireline operation in deviated wells.
The tools consist of a fishing neck and pin thread connection on the upper end, a locating
trigger, kick springs and arm assembly with a box thread connection on the lower end, for
attachment of a running or pulling tool, and an arm housing with a nose on the lower end.
A knuckle joint installed above the kickover tool facilitates operations.

NOTE: Some ‘O’ series kickover tools have a built in catcher sub on the bottom
of the arm housing.

3.4.1 Camco Type ‘O’ Kickover Tool

The ‘OK’ series includes ‘OK5’ and ‘OK1’ kickover tools. All have the same basic
features except the ‘OK5’ can be repinned without disassembly and has a stainless steel
arm assembly. To repin the ‘OK1’, some disassembly is required. These kickover tools are
used to pull 1 ins OD valves.
The ‘OM’ series includes ‘OM5’ and ‘OM1’ kickover tools. All have the same basic
features except the ‘OM5’ can be repinned without disassembly and has a stainless steel
arm assembly. To repin the ‘OM1’ some disassembly is required. These kickover tools are
used to pull 1 1 /2 ins. OD valves.
a) Running Procedure
1) The kickover tool is run in the hole, with associated valve and latch attached, to a
point below the selected SPM.
2) Pick up the tool slowly until it stops. The finger on the kickover tool has engaged, the
orientation sleeve aligning the kick over arm with the pocket. An overpull of 150-
400lbs depending on the depth and deviation, kicks over the tool. The toolstring is
lowered until the valve locates the side pocket.
3) The toolstring is jarred down to latch the valve securely in the side pocket.
4) Upward jarring confirms the valve is latched and releases the running tool.
The toolstring can be pulled out of the hole.

NB: Pressure across SPM should be equalised prior to removing any valve.

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b) Pulling Procedure
1) The kickover tool is run in the hole, with correct pulling tool, to a point below the
selected SPM.
2) Pick up the tool slowly until it stops. The finger on the kickover tool has engaged the
orientation sleeve aligning the kick-over arm with the pocket. An overpull of 150-
400lbs depending on the depth and deviation, kicks over the tool. The toolstring is
lowered until the side pocket has been located.
3) Careful downward jarring ensures the pulling tool is attached to the valve. (Excessive
downward jarring can damage the fishing neck and/or the side pocket if the pulling
tool is not properly latched).
4) Jar up to shear the valve latch pin and allow the valve to release from the SPM.
The toolstring can be pulled out of the hole with retrieved valve attached.

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Figure 3.6 - Camco Type Kickover Tools

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3.4.2 Teledyne Merla ‘TP’ and ‘TMP’ Kickover Tool
The ‘TP’ (11 /2 ins. valves) and ‘TMP’ (1 ins. valves) positioning/kickover tools were
developed to complement the ‘TP’ and ‘TMP’ side pocket mandrels. However, the ‘TP’
and ‘TMP’ series of tools can be used with various other types of side pocket mandrel. The
kickover tool performs three important functions, i.e.
• Locates the mandrel.
• Orientates the valve or pulling tool to the correct position.
• Laterally offsets the valve or pulling tool into position over the pocket for
setting or pulling the valve from the mandrel.

Operation of the tool is not complicated and design features have been incorporated to
make it easy to service and practical to use. For example, only the shear pin [4] in the
locator key [5] must be replaced after each trip. Pin replacement requires no disassembly
and may be performed easily with the tool hanging in the lubricator. Running and pulling
therefore, can be accomplished rapidly. Once the locator key pin [4] is sheared as the valve
is either set or pulled, the tool locks in a rigid position and may be raised or lowered
through other mandrels - a very important feature in the event of a fishing job. The tool's
cross-sectional outside profile plus internal porting provides ample fluid bypass to ensure
rapid running and pulling.
Each positioning tool is designed to operate in one specific tubing size and for one specific
valve size. The running and pulling procedure and principle of operation are identical for
all models.

a) Running Procedure
1) Check the type of mandrel to be serviced and make sure that its dimensions are
compatible with tool dimensions.
2) Use a screwdriver to align the locator key [5] with the trigger [7] and install a
3
/16 inch brass shear pin [4].
3) Screw the running tool into the positioning tool and pin the gas lift valve in the
running tool. Install a knuckle joint between the jar and the positioning tool, if
required.

CAUTION: WHEN MAKING UP AND TIGHTENING JOINTS, USE WRENCH

FLAT LOCATIONS. DO NOT TORQUE THE PIVOT PINS.

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Figure 3.7 - Teledyne Merla Type ‘TM’ and ‘TMP’ Kickover Tool

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4) Lower the tool several feet past the target mandrel. Do not run the tool below the next
lower mandrel because the tool cannot be pulled back through the mandrel without
shearing the locator key pin [4]. Once the pin is sheared, the tool can not orientate or
kick-over.
5) Slowly raise the tool until the locator key [5] engages the orientating sleeve. Further
upward movement causes the positioning tool to rotate until the key enters the slot. A
noticeable increase in weight will be shown on the weight indicator when the tool has
travelled to the end of the slot.
6) If the locator key [5] misses the orientating slot, lower the tool past the mandrel and
repeat the procedure.
7) Once the key is located in the slot, gradually increase the tension of the wireline.
(Depending on the size of the mandrel and well deviation, this may vary from 150-
400 lbs.) This will kick-over the tool and latch it into position.
8) After the additional force has been reached, lower the valve slowly into the pocket.
The possibility of damage to the valve or the latch is minimised because the
positioning tool automatically aligns the valve with the pocket. Loss of tool weight is
a positive sign that the valve is entering the pocket.
9) If for any reason the valve missed the pocket, as indicated by a lack of weight loss,
repeat the process beginning in Paragraph 5 and increase the overpull by 100 pounds.
Because of the increased friction caused by corkscrewed tubing in some wells, the
actual force applied at the tool will be much less than that indicated at the surface.
10) Normal procedure may now be followed for jarring the valve into place and
separating the valve from the tool.
11) After the tool is separated from the valve, the upward travel will cause the tool
trigger [7] to reorientate in the positioning sleeve. Upward jarring will shear the
1
/8 inch pin [4] holding the guide key [5] in place. Once this is done, the tool will no
longer orientate in each mandrel as it is pulled to the surface. As the tool is pulled
through the orientation sleeve, the kick-over arm [16] of the tool will straighten and
lock in position. This feature eliminates unnecessary wear on the tool due to rubbing
on the tubing walls on the trip to the surface.
When the positioning tool is back on the surface, the only necessary operation before
attaching another valve is to re-pin the key [5] in the trigger[7]. The key and trigger may be
lined up by hand and the old shear pin [4] replaced without disassembly of the tool.

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b) Pulling Procedures
1) If the mandrel to be serviced is manufactured by Teledyne Merla, make sure that it is
dimensionally compatible with tool dimensions.
2) Use a screwdriver to align the locator key [5] with the trigger [7] and install a 1 /8 inch
brass shear pin [4].
3) Determine the proper size kick-over tool, pulling tool and extension. Attach the
pulling tool (with extension, if required) to the kick-over tool.

CAUTION: WHEN MAKING UP AND TIGHTENING JOINTS, USE FLATS

PROVIDED. DO NOT APPLY TORQUE TO THE PIVOT PINS.

4) Lower the tool several feet past the mandrel being serviced. Do not run the tool
through the next lower mandrel because the tool cannot be withdrawn through the
mandrel without shearing the locator pin [4]. Once sheared, the tool will no longer
orientate or kick-over.
5) Slowly raise the tool until the locator key [5] engages the orientation sleeve. Further
upward movement causes the positioning tool to rotate until the key enters the slot.
6) If the locator key [5] misses the orientation slot, lower the tool through the mandrel
and repeat the procedure.
7) Once the key [5] is located in the slot, gradually increase the tension on the wireline.
(Depending on the size of the side pocket mandrel and the well deviation, this will be
anything from 150 - 400 lbs over toolstring weight. This additional tension will kick-
over the tool and latch it in position.
8) After the extra upward pull force has been reached, lower the tool slowly until the
weight indicator shows a noticeable drop.
9) If for any reason the valve missed the pocket, as indicated by a lack of weight loss,
repeat the process beginning in paragraph 5 and increase the extra pull by 100
pounds. Because of the increased friction caused by corkscrewed tubing in some
wells, the actual force applied at the tool will be much less than indicated at the
surface.
10) Normal procedure may now be followed for jarring the latch to its release position
and removing the valve from the pocket.
11) As the valve is being pulled from the pocket, the upward travel will cause the trigger
[7] to reorientate in the positioning sleeve. Additional jarring will shear the 1/8 inch
pin [4] holding the guide key [5] in place. Once this is done, the tool will no longer
orientate in each mandrel as it is pulled to the surface. As the tool is pulled through
the orientation sleeve, the kicked-over arm [16] of the tool will straighten and lock in
position. This feature eliminates unnecessary wear on the tool and valve due to
rubbing on the tubing walls during withdrawal.
12) When the positioning tool is back on the surface, the only necessary operation, other
than removing the valve from the pulling tool, is to re-pin the key [5] in the trigger
[7]. The key and trigger may be lined up by hand, the old pin [4] tapped out and the
new pin inserted without disassembly of the tool - see Trigger Drawing.
13) Prior to running the ‘TP’ or ‘TMP’ kickover tool, the following checks should be
carried out to prevent malfunction.

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-19

Wireline Module 5
b) Field Check Procedures
1) Place the kickover tool in a vice gripping it on the main housing [2] with the trigger
[7] on the bottom.
2) Lock the tool in the straight position.
3) Install the pulling tool/running tool and valve and any spacer bar to be used.
4) Using a file or similar object, kickover the tool by applying force on the trigger [7].
5) Visually check the kickover for correct angulation.
6) Check the knuckle joint by moving the dummy valve until the valve is parallel with
the main housing[ 2]; then release it. The valve should return to an inline position
with the pivot arm [16]. Failure to return to a proper position indicates a weak
knuckle spring [17] or a stiff pivot joint. If necessary, shim under the spring, but do
not shim so much as to prevent full knuckle joint action. Check to see that the
knuckle joint pivot allows the valve to be parallel with the main housing before
bottoming on the pivot arm [16].
7) The pivot arm [16] should remain locked in the kickover position while the dummy
valve is positioned parallel with the main housing [2]. If not, it indicates a worn latch
[13] or weak latch spring [9]. Place a 1 /32 inch shim under the spring and repeat the
test. If the shim does not correct the problem, replace the latch and spring.
8) Check trigger [7] for any wear or damage.

3-20 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5
3.5 LATCHES
Latches attached to the side pocket valves (SPV) are designed to lock the Valve into the
side pocket mandrel (SPM). The internal design of the SPM and the OD of the valve
determines the use and size of the latch required. Most latches are designed to latch into a
profile in the top of the side pocket, but some mandrels also have a lower profile to accept
integral latches which are used if the upper profile becomes worn.

3.5.1 ‘BK’ Latch

The ‘BK’ latch is a spring-loaded ring style latch which locks a 1 ins. OD SPM into the
side pockets. The ‘BK’ latch is used with valves and accessories without integral latches.
This latch ring is pushed upward and to the side as it enters the pocket and when the valve
is properly located in the pocket, the latch spring forces the latch ring back down into the
locking profile in the pocket. During pulling, the shear pin is sheared and allows the latch
body to move from behind the latch ring which unlocks the valve run on a ‘JK’ running
tool and pulled on a 11 /4 ins. ‘JDC’ or ‘SM’ pulling tool.

3.5.2 ‘BEK-2’ Latch

The ‘BEK-2’ latch is identical to the ‘BK’ latch except it has a hole through its centre
(0.375 ins). It is run and retrieved with the same tools as the ‘BK’ latch. The ‘BEK-2’ latch
would be used when flow is required through the lock, e.g. when used with gas lift,
chemical injection or kill type valves.

3.5.3 ‘RK’ Latch

A spring-loaded ring style latch which locks 1 1 /2 ins. OD valves and accessories into
‘MMG’ series SPM. A debris barrier is on top of the mandrel latch tube in the form of two
O-rings on the bottom skirt. Run on an RK-1 running tool and pull on a 15 /8 ins. ‘JDC’ or
‘SM’ pulling tool.

3.5.4 ‘RK-1’ Latch

The ‘RK-1’ latch is identical to the ‘RK’ except this 1 1 /2 ins. OD latch does not have ‘O’-
rings, but contains longitudinal grooves as flow conduits between the latch and the pocket.
This latch is used when pressure communication between the latch and the tube mandrel is
required. Run on an ‘RK-1’ running tool and pulled on a 15 /8 ins. ‘JDC’ or ‘SM’ pulling
tool.

3.5.5 ‘RKP’ Latch

The ‘RKP’ latch is identical to the ‘RK’ latch except it has a hole through its centre (.0453
ins. ID). It is run and retrieved with the same tools as the ‘RK’ latch. The ‘RKP’ latch
would be needed when flow is required through the lock, e.g. when used with gas lift,
chemical injection or kill type valves.

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-21

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.8 - Latches

3-22 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5
3.5.6 Otis ‘R’ Latch
The ‘R’ latch is used to lock 11 /2 ins. OD side pocket accessories in the type ‘MM’,
‘MME’, ‘RL’ and ‘RLF’ side pocket mandrels. It incorporates a spring loaded concentric
type latch. The latch is pushed up and into the lock body as it enters the side pocket. Once
the lock No-Go is in place, the latch springs out into the nipple profile and holds the side-
pocket valve in place.
When pulling the lock a pin is sheared which allows the latch to swing into the lock body
and the side pocket valve can be retrieved.
It is run on a ‘JC-3’ or type ‘M’ running tool and pulled with a 2 in ‘JDC’ or ‘SM’ pulling
tool.

3.5.7 ‘RA’ Latch

The Type ‘RA’ latch is identical to the ‘R’ latch except for two ‘O’ rings below the No-Go
which act as a debris barrier. It also has a shorter cam nose. It is run and retrieved with the
same tools as the ‘R’ latch.

3.5.8 ‘M’ Latch

The type ‘M’ is a 1 ins. latch used with type ‘RW’ side pocket mandrels. They are collet
type latches which move up and deflect into the lock body as it passes the lock recess. It is
run on an ‘M’ or ‘J’ type running tool which requires downward jarring to set and upward
jarring to shear off, which in turn locks the collet in place. The 11 /2 ins. type ‘SM’ or ‘JDS’
pulling tool is used to retrieve this latch. A shear pin in the latch body is sheared, allowing
the collet to retract and the side pocket valve to be retrieved.

3.5.9 ‘T2’ Latch

The type ‘T2’ is a 11 /2 ins. latch used with type ‘RL’ side pocket mandrels. They are collet
type latches which move up and deflect into the lock body as it passes the lock recess. It
incorporates an ‘O’-ring below its No-Go, which acts as a debris barrier. It is run on a
‘MO’ or ‘J’ type running tool which requires downward jarring to set and upward jarring to
shear off which in turn locks the collet in place. The 2 ins. type ‘SM’ or ‘JDS’ pulling tool
is used to retrieve the latch. A shear pin in the latch body is sheared allowing the collet to
retract and the side pocket valve to be retrieved.

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-23

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.9 - Latches

3-24 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5
3.6 SIDE POCKET VALVES
3.6.1 Introduction
Retrievable gas lift valves are designed for use in continuous and/or intermittent flow gas
lift production. Every valve is fabricated of stainless steel and Monel, and of modular
construction for low cost, redress and repair. These valves utilise either a nitrogen charged
bellows or a spring with an evacuated bellows to provide the force necessary to maintain
the valves in their normally closed positions. To open the valve, injection gas or production
pressure enters the valve and works to overcome the preset pressure in the valve bellows or
the preset compression in the valve spring. Each valve contains a fluid dampening device
to prevent vibration and chattering during operation.
Both the injection pressure operated valves and the production pressure operated valves are
available for either tubing or annular flow, depending on the porting of the side pocket
mandrel used. Retrievable pilot operated gas lift valves with reverse flow check are
available for intermittent gas lift production. Single point injection valves with replaceable
chokes are available for continuous flow installations.
The retrievable control devices have circulating valves which are designed to be installed
with an appropriate latch in a side pocket mandrel. Circulating valves enable fluid
circulation through the mandrel pocket while preventing pocket damage from abrasive well
fluids. These devices also prevent debris from lodging in an empty pocket during
circulation.
To equalise tubing and casing pressure and/or blank off communication between the tubing
and casing, retrievable equalising dummy valves are available. These valves can also be
used to circulate fluid before pulling the valve from a side pocket mandrel. If
communication between the casing and tubing without wireline manipulation is desired.
Differential dump/kill valves are available for casing-to-tubing flow, tubing-to-casing flow,
or both.
Operators of subsurface chemical injection installations may use retrievable chemical
injection valves to control chemicals injected into the production fluid at valve depth.
These valves are available for both high and low pressure applications.

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-25

Wireline Module 5
3.6.2 Camco Type ‘RDO’, ‘RDO-20’, ‘DKO-2’
a) Description
‘RDO’, ‘RDO-20’ and ‘DKO-2’ are single point injection valves used for continuous flow
gas lift production. An integral choke controls the flow of gas through the normally open
valve and into the production conduit. Reverse flow checks are included as an integral part
of these valves.
The ‘RDO’ and ‘RDO-20’ are 11 /2 ins. OD valves. The ‘RDO’ contains a replaceable
choke, while the ‘RDO-20’ has a floating choke. Both valves utilise an R series latch when
installed in the appropriate M series mandrel. Port sizes available for the ‘RDO’ are 1 /8
ins., 3 /16 ins., 1 /4 ins, 5 /16 ins., 3 /16 ins. and 7 /16 ins. Port sizes available for the ‘RDO-20’ are
3
/16 ins., 1 /4 ins., 5 /16 ins., 3 /8 ins., 7 /16 ins. and 1 /2 ins.
The ‘DKO-2’ is a 1 ins. OD valve containing a replaceable choke with a 3 /8 ins. maximum
port size. Port sizes available for ‘DKO-2’ valve are 1 /8 ins., 3 /16 ins., 1 /4 ins., 5 /16 ins. and 3 /8
ins.

b) Operation
Injection gas enters the valve through the external ports located between the packing sets of
each valve. It then travels through the choke, past a reverse flow check and into the
production conduit.

3-26 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.10 - Camco Type ‘RDO’, ‘RDC-20’, ‘DKO-2’

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-27

Wireline Module 5
3.6.3 Otis Spreadmaster
Spreadmaster GLVs are available in six modules - mix models for use with conventional
mandrels, eccentric side pocket mandrels or pack-offs. Essentially all the spreadmaster
valves use the bellows dome principle, with assemblies such as stem and seat modules,
packing section modules, fluid pilot modules being interchangeable within each valve size.
The six different models are:
1) Pressure operated spreadmaster with tapered stem and seat for use in continuous lift
installations. The valve's tapered stem is designed to have a throttling action and to
move in and out of the seat as a function of tubing pressure to create a continuous lift
operation.
2) Pressure operated spreadmaster with ball stem and seat for intermittent lift
installations. Ball stem and seat arrangement is designed to give instantaneous,
positive opening-closing action during operation.
3) Pressure operated spreadmaster with pilo-port for use in intermittent lift operations
where it is necessary to admit lift gas to the tubing as rapidly as possible without
excessive use of lift gas.
4) Fluid operated spreadmaster with ball stem and seat for special unloading operations,
single or dual installations. Valve is designed to open and close on tubing pressure.
5) Combination pressure/fluid operated spreadmaster with tapered stem and seat for use
in continuous lift operations where it is desirable to use valves that open on tubing
pressure and close on drawdown of casing or tubing pressure.
6) Fluid operated spreadmaster with pilo-port for use in intermittent lift operations
where the required volume of lift gas must be admitted to the tubing as rapidly as
possible; where valves must open on tubing pressure and close on casing pressure
drawdown - and where surface control of lift gas volume is essential to good
gas/liquid ration.
Spreadmaster valves have a monel bellows for longer lift and uncomplicated bellows
protection to guard against hydrostatic and differential pressure damage, easily replaceable
components and can be converted from non-retrievable to w/t retrievable by changing three
parts.

3-28 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.11 - Otis Type Spreadmaster

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-29

Wireline Module 5
3.6.4 Teledyne Merla Type ‘LN-20R’
a) Description
The Teledyne Merla Type ‘LN-20R’ proportional response system gas lift valve is a widely
accepted valve where high flow ratio and operating pressures exist. This valve is a 1 1 /2 ins.
OD wireline retrievable valve. It is designed for use with the T series of sidepocket
mandrels, but can also be used with selected Otis and Camco SPMs.

b) Operation
The ‘LN-20R’ gas lift valve is used in continuous flow installations and is available in
conventional or retrievable models. This valve incorporates a spring and nitrogen charged
dome which is attached to a tungsten carbide ball and seat. Injection gas enters the valve
through the external ports located between the packing stacks of each valve. It overcomes
the pre-charged nitrogen pressure which moves the tungsten carbide ball off-seat. This
allows the injection gas to enter the production conduit.

3-30 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5
3.7 CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVES
3.7.1 Camco Type ‘ LK-3’, ‘RLC-3’
a) Description
‘LK-3’ and ‘RLC-3’ chemical injection
valves are side pocket valves designed to
control chemicals injected into the
production fluid at valve depth. An
Inconel spring provides the force
necessary to maintain each valve in its
normally closed position. The ‘LK-3’ is 1
in OD; the ‘RLC-3’ is 11 /2 in OD. The
‘LK-3’ utilises a ‘BK-2’ top latch when it
is installed in a K series mandrel. The
‘RLC-3’ utilises an ‘R’ series top latch
when it is installed in the side pocket of
an ‘M’ series mandrel. Reverse flow
checks are included as an integral part of
these valve. Port sizes available for the
‘LK-3’ and the ‘RLC-3’ valves 1 /8 in and
3
/16 in.

b) Operation
Injection chemicals enter the valve from
the annulus in an open injection system.
Chemicals also may enter the valve from
a separate injection line as in a closed
chemical injection system. When the
hydraulic pressure of the injected
chemicals overcomes the preset tension in
the valve spring plus the pressure in the
tubing, the valve opens. Chemicals then
flow through the cross-over seat in the
valve and into the tubing.

Figure 3.12 - Camco Type ‘LK-3’, ‘RLC-3’

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-31

Wireline Module 5
3.7.2 Camco Type ‘BKHLK’, ‘BKLK-2’
a) Description
‘BKHLK’ and ‘BKLK-2’ chemical injection valves are 1 in OD valves designed to control
chemicals injected into the production fluid at valve depth. A nitrogen charged bellows
provides the force necessary to maintain each valve in its normally closed position. The
‘BKHLK’ contains a three-ply inconel bellows, which suits this valve for high pressure
service. The ‘BKLK-2’ contains an three-ply monel bellows and is used for lower pressure
applications. Both valves contain spring-loaded reverse flow checks, require ‘BK-2’ top
latches and are run in the appropriate ‘K’ series mandrel. Port sizes available for the
‘BKHLK’ and ‘BKLK-2’ valves are 1 /8 ins. and 3 /16 ins.

b) Operation
Injection chemicals enter the valve from the annulus in an open injection system.
Chemicals also may enter the valve from a separate injection line as in a closed injection
system. The hydraulic pressure of the injected chemicals compresses the bellows and lifts
the stem tip off the seat, opening the valve. Chemicals then flow through the valve into the
production conduit.

3-32 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.13 - Camco Type ‘BKHLK’ and ‘BKLK-2’

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-33

Wireline Module 5
3.8 CIRCULATING VALVES
3.8.1 Camco Type ‘RG-1’, ‘RG-2’, ‘RGR-2’
a) Description
‘RG-1’, ‘RG-2’ and ‘RGR-2’ are 11 /2 ins. OD side pocket circulating valves designed to
enable the operator to circulate fluid through the side pocket of a mandrel without
damaging the pocket. Each valve has a flow area of 0.388 square inch and allows fluid to
be dispersed through both ends. This allows the operator to circulate fluid at a minimum
pressure drop. The ‘RG-1’ and ‘RG-2’ valves are designed to permit circulation from the
casing into the tubing only; the ‘RGR-2’ valve is designed to permit circulation from the
tubing into the casing only.

b) Operation
When installed in an ‘MMG’ mandrel. casing fluid enters the ‘RG-1’ and ‘RG-2’ valves
through the ports located between the packing sections. It then flows simultaneously
upward and downward, past the reverse flow checks at either end of each valve and into the
tubing. The reverse flow checks prevent backflow and circulation from the tubing back into
the casing.
When installed in a ‘MMG’ mandrel, fluid in the tubing enters the ‘RGR-2’ valve through
both the nose and the upper end. Fluid flows past the integral reverse flow checks at either
end, through the ports located between the two packing sections and into the casing. The
reverse flow checks prevent backflow and circulation from the casing back into the tubing.

3-34 Expro North Sea Ltd.

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Figure 3.14 - Camco Type ‘RG-1’, ‘RG-2’ and ‘RGR-2’

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-35

Wireline Module 5
3.8.2 Camco Type ‘RCS’, ‘CSK-1’
a) Description
‘RCS’ and ‘CSK-1’ circulating valves are side pocket circulation devices designed to
enable the operator the circulate fluid through the side pocket of a mandrel without
damaging the pocket. Each valve is designed to permit circulation both from the casing to
the tubing and from the tubing to the casing. Fluid is dispersed through both ends of each
valve enabling the operator to circulate with minimum pressure drop.
The ‘RCS’ is a 11 /2 ins. OD valve with a circulating area of 0.766 square inch. When
installed in a type ‘MM’ mandrel, the ‘RCS’ utilises and ‘R’ latch.
The ‘CSK-1’ is a 1 ins. OD valve with a circulating area of 0.186 square inch. It contains
an integral bottom collet latch which locks the valve in a ‘K’ series mandrel.

b) Operation
In casing-to-tubing circulation, fluid in the casing annulus enters the sleeve and flows
downward through the nose and out into the tubing. Fluid simultaneously flows upward
through the valve and to the top of the running head into the tubing.
In tubing-to-casing circulation. fluid in the tubing enters the valve simultaneously through
the nose and through the top of the valve. Fluid flows out into the casing annulus through
ports located between the packing sections.

3-36 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.15 - Camco Type ‘RCS’ and ‘CSK-1’

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-37

Wireline Module 5
3.9 RETRIEVABLE WATER FLOOD REGULATORS
3.9.1 Camco Type ‘RW’, ‘RWW’, ‘KCW’, ‘KWW’
a) Description
‘RW’, ‘RWW’, ‘KCW’ and ‘KWW’ waterflood regulators are designed to accurately
regulate water injection volumes into multiple isolated zones through a single tubing
spring. All waterflood flow regulators consist of a hardened Monel piston and piston
housing and a stainless steel spring and contain integral reverse flow check valves (except
the ‘RWW’) to prevent backflow.

b) Operation
Fluid is injected down the tubing through the flow regulator and out into the zone being
flooded. Flow must pass through a fixed orifice located in the moveable piston of the
regulator and out the variable exit port into the zone. Should pressure differential across the
orifice increase, the position of the moveable piston is altered in relation to the exit port.
Flow out of the exit port is then restricted. Flow rate is maintained at a predetermined and
preset rate, regardless of changes in pressure characteristics between the injection stream
and zone.

3-38 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.16 - Camco Type ‘RW’, ‘RWW’, ‘KCW’ and ‘KWW’

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-39

Wireline Module 5
3.10 RETRIEVABLE DIFFERENTIAL DUMP/KILL VALVES
3.10.1 Camco Type ‘DCK-2’, ‘DCR-1’
a) Description
‘DCK-2’ and ‘DCR-1’ differential dump/kill valves are designed to provide a means of
communication between the casing annulus and the tubing when they are activated by
differential pressure. The valves act initially as dummy valves using a moveable piston to
block off the circulating ports in the valve and side pocket mandrel. The piston is held in
the closed position by shear screws. The type, number and combination of shear screws
determine the shear pressure differential necessary to open the valve. The valves open
when the required differential pressure from casing annulus to tubing is obtained. The
‘DCK-2’ is a 1 ins. OD valve and the ‘DCR-1’ is a 11 /2 ins. OD valve.

b) Operation
The valves will open only when the casing annulus pressure is increased above the tubing
pressure. An increase in tubing pressure above the casing annulus pressure will not open
the valves. After the valve opens, the piston is locked in the up (open) position and well
fluids are free to flow in either direction.

3-40 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.17 - Camco Type ‘DCK-2’ and ‘DCR-1’

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-41

Wireline Module 5
3.11 RETRIEVABLE DUMMY VALVES
3.11.1 Camco Type ‘RD’, ‘E’, ‘DK-1’
a) Description
‘RD’, ‘E’ and ‘DK-1’ dummy valves are isolation tools designed to blank communication
between tubing and casing. The ‘RD’ is 11 /2 ins. OD; the ‘E’ and the ‘DK-1’ are 1 ins. OD.
Any of these dummy valves may be used when it is desirable to blank off a side pocket
mandrel. The ‘DK-1’ valve has an integral latch and the ‘E’ valve utilises a ‘BK-2’ latch.

b) Operation
The ‘RD’, ‘E’ and ‘DK-1’ valves each have two sets of packing which straddle and pack of
the casing ports in a Camco side pocket mandrel. Communication between tubing and
casing is positively blanked off until the dummy valve is removed from the pocket by
standard wireline procedures.

3-42 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5

Figure 3.18 - Camco Type ‘RD’, ‘E’ and ‘DK-1’

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-43

Wireline Module 5
3.12 SPECIFIC TRAINING PROGRAMME
3.12.1 Training Objectives and Responsibilities
The objectives of this training programme are to help you to become proficient in
Wireline/Coiled Tubing operations, job organisation, the equipment and methodology
involved and the required proper safe working methods.
At the very outset, you are expected to assume a large proportion of the responsibility of
becoming properly trained. Although it is the responsibility of the instructor to make the
necessary training available, it is YOUR responsibility to make the most of the training
opportunities provided for you.
The training programme outlines what you are expected to achieve and has a suggested
time schedule within which you should be able to meet these targets. It is up to you to
know where you are in your training programme.
Your Wireline/Coiled Tubing training programme will consist of several types of activities.
Sometimes your training will be in a group classroom situation. More often, you will be
involved in practical and study assignments using this manual or other self-study materials.
Above all, the major portion of your time will be spent in on-the-job training situations
where you will be making a contribution to our business while you are learning. It is during
these on-the-job activities that you will have the best opportunity to see the relationship
between knowledge provided by the various written and classroom training materials and
the requirement for the job.
Your training progress will be monitored by your Instructor and the Training Centre
Director. You are encouraged to become familiar with the details and timetable of your
training programme. If you have questions at any time, contact your Instructor.

3.12.2 Safety
One of the objectives of training is to help you to work more efficiently and safely. The
prevention of accidents is a prime objective of any employer's policy. The greatest
importance is therefore attached to the safety of all employees. We acknowledge our duty
to do everything possible to prevent personal injuries and this duty is a major consideration
in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of all plant, equipment and
facilities. It is also the policy of the Training Centre to provide essential safety education
on each subject together with technical instruction and to stimulate joint consultation in the
area of safety and health.
Most important, every delegate has a continuing duty to exercise responsibility in all his
activities and to do everything to prevent injury to himself and others. You will be expected
at all times to wear the appropriate safety clothing provided and must report promptly to
your Instructor, any accidents, incidents and/or potential safety hazards.
You will be involved in regular safety inspections and meetings during your period of
instruction. The objectives of these safety inspections are to ensure that safe working
practices are adopted and adhered to. Regular safety meetings are held to help us to
improve our safety awareness.

3-44 Expro North Sea Ltd.

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Your Training Profile
You are responsible for maintaining this Profile as an up-to-date record of your training at
the Centre. It will be called for inspection from time to time by the Instructor, and will be
the basis of your assessment throughout the training. It is in your interest to log your
training activities promptly.
Your training is recorded in two basic ways:
• Through checking by the Instructor
• Through ‘ticking off’ items as you complete them yourself

Once a particular section is complete, you are responsible for having the section ‘signed
off’ by the instructor. You and the instructor share a common goal - effective training
experience which will enable you to become a fully proficient wireline operator in the
shortest time possible. You should utilise the Instructor to the greatest effect through the
following:
• Review with him the Training Profile, set time schedules and other targets
• Clarify which requirements must be checked by the instructor and which you
may accomplish by yourself
• Determine a personal plan for completing the Profile within the set time limits

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-45

Wireline Module 5
3.12.3 Proficiency Requirements
Job Element Job Criteria Supporting Knowledge
At the conclusion of this Which requires him to Which requires him to have
training, the candidate will demonstrate that he sufficient knowledge to:
be competent in the : routinely has an :
Knowledge of basic State briefly the origin of
geology with respect to petroleum, how it gathers
formation of petroleum in reservoirs. Discern the
reservoirs. difference between Porosity
and Permeability.
Recognition of primary Awareness of the means by Identify commonly used
elements of exploration and which exploration is carried items in drilling and state
the methodology used in out and the way priorities their use.
applying the. are controlled.
Recognition of primary Identification of drill floor,
elements of drilling and casing and simple
completion practices and completion equipment.
equipment
Knowledge of safe coiled
tubing operating
procedures.
Initiating checks on
equipment. Servicing and
maintaining power packs
and lubricators. Rig
equipment following safe
handling processors.

3-46 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5
3.12.4 Experience record for Otis Type ‘B’ Positioning Tool

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-47

Wireline Module 5
3.12.5 Experience record for Baker Type ‘D2’ Shifting Tool

3-48 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5
3.12.6 Experience record for Camco Type ‘OK’/’OM’ Kickover Tools

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-49

Wireline Module 5
3.12.7 Experience record for Merla Type ‘TP’/’TMP’ Kickover Tools

3-50 Expro North Sea Ltd.

Wireline Module 5
Assignments

Assignment 1 Answer

Define the use of sliding sleeves or

sliding side doors (SSDs).

Assignment 2 Answer

Define the two main categories of

sliding sleeves.

Assignment 3 Answer

Explain what is meant by the term

‘percentage of tubing flow area’ through
a sliding sleeve.

Assignment 4 Answer

Specify the factors that govern the flow

area of a sliding sleeve.

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-51

Wireline Module 5

Assignment 5 Answer

List the types of sliding sleeves that are

generally run in deviated wells. Explain
your answer.

Assignment 6 Answer

Specify the direction in which the ‘XO’

sliding sleeve closes.

Assignment 7 Answer

State how many ‘XO’ sliding sleeves

can be run in a single completion string.

Assignment 8 Answer

Describe the three-position sequence of

an ‘XO’ sliding-sleeve.

Assignment 9 Answer

Name the positioning/shifting tool used

with the Otis type sliding sleeve.

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Wireline Module 5

Assignment 10 Answer

Define the difference between the ‘XO’

and the ‘XD’ sliding sleeves.

Assignment 11 Answer

Specify the direction in which the ‘XA’

sliding sleeve opens.

Assignment 12 Answer

Describe the disadvantage if any when

opening a jar up to open sliding sleeve.

Assignment 13 Answer

Describe the advantages if any when

opening a jar up to open sliding sleeve.

Assignment 14 Answer

Define the difference between the type

‘AO’ and the type ‘XO’ sliding sleeve.

 Expro North Sea Ltd. 1999 3-53

Wireline Module 5

Assignment 15 Answer

Define the main differences between the

type ‘AO’ and the type ‘RD’ sliding
sleeve.

Assignment 16 Answer

Define the uses of the model ‘L’ sliding

sleeve.

Assignment 17 Answer

Specify the direction in which the

model ‘L’ sliding sleeve opens.

Assignment 18 Answer

Name the type of landing nipple that is

incorporated in the type ‘L’ sliding
sleeve.

Assignment 19 Answer

Specify which shifting/positioning tool

is used to open and close the type ‘L’
sliding sleeve.

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Assignment 20 Answer

List the various uses of the nipple

profile incorporated in the type ‘L’
sliding sleeve.

Assignment 21 Answer

Specify the direction in which the 90 o

shoulder on the type ‘B’ shifting tool
must be facing in order to open an ‘XA’
sliding sleeve.

Assignment 22 Answer

Describe the opening and releasing

sequence of the type ‘B’ shifting tool.

Assignment 23 Answer

Describe how the ‘B’ shifting tool is

released in the event of a stuck or very
tight sliding sleeve.

Assignment 24 Answer

Define the action that must be taken in

the event of the ‘B’ shifting tool being
sheared on retrieval.

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Assignment 25 Answer

Describe the difference between

standard and selective keys.

Assignment 26 Answer

Suggest a scenario where selective keys

would be run in preference to standard
keys.

Assignment 27 Answer

Define the type of shifting tool used

with the Baker type ‘L’ sliding sleeve.

Assignment 28 Answer

List the checks that must be carried out

to the ‘D-2’ shifting tool prior to
running it.

Assignment 29 Answer

Describe the procedure that must be

followed to change the orientation of
the ‘D-2’ shifting tool.

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Assignment 31 Answer

Define the use of side pocket mandrels

(SPMs).

Assignment 31 Answer

Describe the construction of the side

pocket mandrel.

Assignment 32 Answer

Define the difference between the ‘M’

series and the ‘K’ series of mandrels.

Assignment 33 Answer

Explain the function of the tool

discriminator.

Assignment 34 Answer

Define the main difference between the

‘RW’ series and the ‘RL’ series of
mandrels.

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Assignment 35 Answer

Clarify where an oval type side pocket

mandrel might be used in preference to
a round type.

Assignment 36 Answer

Fill in the following table:-

Manufacturer Size of Valve Pocket
MMG
KBMG
WB
RL
RW
KBUG

Assignment 37 Answer

Define the main difference between the

‘OK’ and the ‘OM’ kickover tools.

Assignment 38 Answer

Point out the advantage if any of having

a built in catcher sub on the bottom of
the arm housing.

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Assignment 39 Answer

Describe procedure for pulling a gas lift

dummy.

Assignment 40 Answer

Describe the main difference between

the ‘OK-1’ and the ‘OK-5’.

Assignment 41 Answer

Define the main difference between the

‘TP’ and ‘TMP’ kickover tool.

Assignment 42 Answer

Determine the location and number of

pins that must be replaced before a
wireline run using the ‘TP’ kickover
tool.

Assignment 43 Answer

Determine the overpull required to kick-

over the ‘TMP’ kick-over tool and list
any variants.

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Assignment 44 Answer

While running the ‘TMP’ kick-over tool

it is found that the locator key/trigger
will not locate the orientation sleeve.
Determine and list what may be the
problem/problems.

Assignment 45 Answer

Describe the parameters that determine

the selection of a side pocket valve
latch.

Assignment 46 Answer

State which size of valve the ‘BK’ latch

is used with.

Assignment 47 Answer

Name the running and pulling tools

used with the ‘BK’ latch.

Assignment 48 Answer

Define the major difference between the

‘BK’ latch and the ‘BEK-2’ latch and
explain the reason for this.

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Assignment 49 Answer

State which size of valve the ‘RK’ latch

is used with.

Assignment 50 Answer

Define the major difference between the

‘RK-1’ and the ‘RK’ latch and clarify
where the ‘RK-1’ might be used in
preference to the ‘RK’ latch.

Assignment 51 Answer

Define the difference between the

‘BEK-2’ latch and the ‘RKP’ latch.

Assignment 52 Answer

Describe how each part of the ‘R’ latch

moves as it is set into and pulled from a
side-pocket mandrel.

Assignment 53 Answer

Describe the main difference between

‘T-2’ latch and the ‘R’ latch.

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Assignment 54 Answer

Define the function of the ‘O’-ring

incorporated in the ‘T-2’ latch.

Assignment 55 Answer

List five different types of side pocket

valves.

Assignment 56 Answer

List three different types of gas lift

valves

Assignment 57 Answer

Define the difference between the

‘RDO’ valve and the ‘DKO-2’ valve.

Assignment 58 Answer

Describe the operation of the ‘LN-20R’

gas lift valve.

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Assignment 59 Answer

Describe the function of a chemical

injection valve.

Assignment 6 Answer

Describe the function of a circulating

valve.

Assignment 61 Answer

Define the difference between the ‘RG-

2’ circulating valve and the ‘RGR-2’
circulating valve.

Assignment 62 Answer

Define the main difference in the design

of the types ‘RG-2’, ‘RGR-2’ and the
types ‘RCS’ and ‘CSK-1’ circulating
valves.

Assignment 63 Answer

Describe the operation of a dump/kill

valve.

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Assignment 64 Answer

State whether or not a dump/kill valve

will reseat after it has been
opened/sheared and explain your
answer.

Assignment 65 Answer

Define the function of a retrievable

dummy valve.

3-64 Expro North Sea Ltd.