Assignment – 2 for MAIR – 31

PROBABILITY & OPERATIONS RESEARCH offered to CSE-B

Instructor – Dr. Jitraj Saha, Department of Mathematics, NIT Tiruchirappalli

1. In a bolt factory, there are four machines A, B, C, D manufacturing 20%, 15%, 25% and
40% of the total output respectively. Of their outputs 5%, 4%, 3% and 2% in the same order
are defected bolts. A bolt is chosen at random from the factory production and is found
defective. What is the probability that the bolt was manufactured by machine A or machine
D?
2. The contents of three urns are: 1 white. 2 red, 3 green balls; 2 white, 1 red, 1 green balls and
4 white. 5 red, 3 green balls. Two balls are drawn from an urn chosen at random. These are
found to be white and one green. Find the probability that the balls so drawn came from the
third urn.
3. From an urn containing 2 red and 2 white balls, a man is to drawn 2 balls at random without
replacement, being promised Rs. 20 for each red ball he drawn and Rs. 10 for each white
one. Find his expectation.
4. A random variable gives measurements 𝑋 between 0 and 1 bwith a probability function

3 2
𝑓(𝑥) = {12𝑥 − 21𝑥 + 10𝑥, 0≤𝑥≤1
0

1 1
i) Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2) and 𝑃(𝑋 > 2).
1
ii) Find a number 𝑘 such that 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑘) = 2.
5. The power reflected by an aircraft that is received by a radar can be described by an
exponential random variable 𝑋. The probability density of 𝑋 is given by

1 −𝑥𝑥
𝑒 0, 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥0
0, 𝑥 < 0

where 𝑥0 is the average power received by the radar.

i) What is the probability that the radar will received power larger than the power
received on the average?
ii) What is the probability that the radar will received power less than the received on
the average?
6. A function defined as follows:

0, 𝑥 < 2
1
𝑓(𝑥) = { (2𝑥 + 3), 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
18
0, 𝑥>4
Show that it is a density function. Find the probability that a variate having this density will
fall in the interval 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3.

7. In a bombing action there is 50% chance that any bomb will strike the target. Two direct hits
are needed to destroy the target completely. How many bombs are required to be dropped to
give a 99% chance or better of completely destroying the target.

Dr. JITRAJ SAHA Page 1 of 4

 Assignment – 2 for MAIR – 31
PROBABILITY & OPERATIONS RESEARCH offered to CSE-B
Instructor – Dr. Jitraj Saha, Department of Mathematics, NIT Tiruchirappalli

8. A product is 0.5% defective and is packed in cartons of 100. What percentage contains not
more than 3 defectives?
9. 500 articles were selected at random out of a batch containing 10,000 articles, and 30 were
found to be defective. How many defectives articles would you reasonably expect to have in
the batch?
10. In an examination taken by 500 candidates. The average and the standard deviation of marks
obtained (normally distributed) are 40% and 10%. Find approximately
i) How many will pass, if 50% is fixed as a minimum?
ii) What should be the minimum if 350 candidates are to pass?
iii) How many have scored marks above 60%?
11. The mean inside diameter of a sample of 200 washers produced by a machine is 5.02 mm
and the slandered deviation is 0.05 mm. The purpose for these washers are intended allows
a maximum tolerance in the diameter of 4.96 to 5.08 mm, otherwise the washers are
considered defective. Determine the percentage of defective washers produced by the
machine, assuming the diameters are normally distributed.
12. The income of a group of 10,000 persons was found to be normally distributed with mean
Rs. 750 p.m., and standard deviation of Rs. 50. Show that, of this group, about 95% had
income exceeding Rs. 832. Also find the lowest income among the richest 100.
ℎ 2𝑥2
13. Given that the probability of committing an error of magnitude 𝑥 is 𝑦 = 𝑒 −ℎ , show that
√𝜋
the probable error is 0.4769/ℎ.
14. The probability function of an infinite discrete random variable is given by 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝐾) =
1
, 𝐾 = 1,2,3, … Show that it represents the probability of discrete random variable. Find its
2𝑘
men and variance.
15. A continuous random variable X has the pdf

𝑎𝑥 3 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒.

1 1
Determine 𝑎 and find 𝑃(𝑋 < 4) and 𝑃(𝑋 > 2).
16. It is given that 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are two 𝑝𝑑𝑓𝑠. Find the conditions on 𝑎, 𝑏 such that 𝑎𝑓(𝑥) +
𝑏𝑔(𝑥), 𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 > 0 is also a 𝑝𝑑𝑓.
17. The mileage in thousands of kilometers which car owners get with a particular brand of tyre
is a random variable having 𝑝𝑑𝑓

1 −𝑥/50
𝑒 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {50
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ 0.

Find the probability that a tyre lasts

i) at most 10,000 kms
ii) between 15,000 kms to 30,000 kms.
18. A random variable has the 𝑝𝑑𝑓 ,

Dr. JITRAJ SAHA Page 2 of 4

 Assignment – 2 for MAIR – 31
PROBABILITY & OPERATIONS RESEARCH offered to CSE-B
Instructor – Dr. Jitraj Saha, Department of Mathematics, NIT Tiruchirappalli

3𝑥 2 . 0 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒.
Find
1 1
i) 𝑃 [4 < 𝑋 < 2]
3 1
ii) 𝑃 (𝑋 < 4 | 𝑋 > 4)
19. The life in hours of a particular brand of electric bulbs has the 𝑝𝑑𝑓,

1000
, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 1000
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 2
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 1000

Find the distribution function. What is the probability that bulbs in a particular place is not
to replace in the first 1500 hours of lighting? If two bulbs are chosen at random, find the
probability that both the original bulbs have to be replaced during the first 1500 hours.

20. A bombing plane carrying two bombs flies directly above the target. If the bomb falls within
20 feet of the target, the target is destroyed. The points of impact of a bomb within the target
site has the 𝑝𝑑𝑓

40 + 𝑥
, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − 40 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
1600
𝑓(𝑥) = 40 − 𝑥
, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 40
1600
{ 0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒,

where 𝑥 is the vertical deviation in feet above the target. If both the bombs are used, what is
the probability that the target is destroyed?
3𝑥+2𝑦
21. 𝑋 and 𝑌 are two random variables having the joint density function, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 45
, where
𝑥 and 𝑦 assume integer values 0, 1 and 2. Find the conditional distribution of 𝑌 for 𝑋 = 𝑥.
22. The joint probability distribution function of 𝑋 and 𝑌 is given by

1 − 𝑒 −𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 , 𝑥 > 0, 𝑦 > 0

𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

Are 𝑋 and 𝑌 independent? Find the marginal distributions. Also find 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2 ∩ 𝑌 ≤ 2) and
𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 ≤ 2).

23. Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) be the distribution function of 𝑋 and 𝑌. Prove that for all 𝑥, 𝑦

𝐹𝑋 (𝑥) + 𝐹𝑌 (𝑦) − 1 𝐹𝑋𝑌 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≤ √𝐹𝑋 (𝑥)𝐹𝑌 (𝑦).

24. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be independent continuous random variables having the 𝑝𝑑𝑓
Dr. JITRAJ SAHA Page 3 of 4
 Assignment – 2 for MAIR – 31
PROBABILITY & OPERATIONS RESEARCH offered to CSE-B
Instructor – Dr. Jitraj Saha, Department of Mathematics, NIT Tiruchirappalli

𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0 𝑒 −𝑦 , 𝑦 > 0
𝑓𝑋 = { 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑌 = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒.

Find the 𝑝𝑑𝑓 of 𝑈 = 𝑋 − 𝑌.

25. Let the continuous random variable (𝑋, 𝑌) have the joint density function

−(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {4𝑥𝑦𝑒 , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

Show that the density function of the random variable 𝑈 = √𝑋 2 + 𝑌 2 is

3 −𝑢 2
ℎ(𝑢) = {2𝑢 𝑒 , 0≤𝑢< ∞
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒.

26. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be independent random variables having the 𝑝𝑑𝑓

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑒 −2𝑦 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.

𝑋
Find the probability distribution of 𝑍 = 𝑌 .

27. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be independent random variables having the 𝑝𝑑𝑓

𝑓𝑋 (𝑥) = 2𝑒 −2𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑌 (𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑦 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.

𝑋
Find the density function of the random variables 𝑈 = 𝑋+𝑌 and 𝑉 = 𝑋 + 𝑌. Are the
random variables 𝑈, 𝑉 independent?

Assignment – 2

Assignment Problems from the

Roll Numbers (prefix 1061 – 21 – )
Problem Sheet - 2
02, 06, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25, 27
50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94,
98. 102, 106, 110, 114, 118, 122, 126, 130,
134, 138, 142, 146
04, 08, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26
52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96,
100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 128, 132,
136, 140, 144, 148

Dr. JITRAJ SAHA Page 4 of 4