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Asss 2

This document contains 27 math problems involving topics like: 1) Finding power sets, Cartesian products, and operations on sets like union, intersection, difference. 2) Determining if functions are one-to-one, onto, or bijections. 3) Using mathematical induction to prove identities involving sums and inequalities. 4) Finding least elements of sets and discussing the well-ordering principle for integers.

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Devu Narayana
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50 views3 pages

Asss 2

This document contains 27 math problems involving topics like: 1) Finding power sets, Cartesian products, and operations on sets like union, intersection, difference. 2) Determining if functions are one-to-one, onto, or bijections. 3) Using mathematical induction to prove identities involving sums and inequalities. 4) Finding least elements of sets and discussing the well-ordering principle for integers.

Uploaded by

Devu Narayana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SRM University-AP, Amaravati

Department of Mathematics

Discrete Mathematics

Assignment 2

1. Find the power set of each of these sets.


a) {a, b} b) {∅, {∅}}

2. Let A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {1, 2}. Find


a) A × B. b) B × A.

3. Find A2 if
a) A = {0, 1, 2}. b) A = {1, a, x}

4. Find the truth set of P (x) where the domain is the set of integers.
a) P (x) : x2 < 5 b) P (x) : x2 > 2x c) P (x) : x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
d) P (x) : x3 ≥ 15 e) P (x) : x4 = 3 f) P (x) : x < x2

5. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {0, 2, 4, 6}. Find


a) A ∪ B. b) A ∩ B. c) A \ B. d) B \ A.

6. Show that if A, B, and C are sets, then A ∩ B ∩ C = A ∪ B ∪ C


a) by showing each side is a subset of the other side.
b) using a membership table.

7. Let A, B, and C be sets. Show that


a) (A ∪ B) ⊆ (A ∪ B ∪ C).
b) (A \ B) \ C ⊆ A \ C.

8. What is the relation between the sets A and B if we know that A ∪ B = A ?

9. What is the relation between the sets A and B if we know that A \ B = A ?

10. Can you conclude that A = B if A, B, and C are sets such that

(a) A ∪ C = B ∪ C? (c) A ∪ C = B ∪ C and A ∩ C = B ∩ C?

(b) A ∩ C = B ∩ C?

11. Let A and B be subsets of a universal set U . Show that A ⊆ B if and only if B ⊆ A.

1
12. Let Ai = {1, 2, 3, ...., i} for i = 1, 2, 3, ... Find
n
[ \n
a) Ai b) Ai
i=1 i=1
∞
[ ∞
\
13. Find Ai and Ai if for every positive integer i,
i=1 i=1
a)Ai = {i, i + 2, i + 4, i + 6....}
b)Ai = {0, i}
c)Ai = (0, i), that is,the set of real numbers x with 0 < x < i.
d)Ai = [i, ∞), that is, the set of real numbers x with x ≥ i.

14. Determine whether each of these functions from Z to Z is one-one and onto.

(a) f (n) = n + 2 (c) f (n) = n2 + n

(b) f (n) = n5 (d) f (n) = dn/2e

15. Determine whether the function f : Z × Z → Z is one-one and onto if

(a) f (m, n) = m + n (c) f (m, n) = m

(b) f (m, n) = m2 + n2

16. Determine whether each of these functions is a bijection from R to R

(a) f (x) = −5x + 2 (c) f (x) = (x + 1)(x + 2)

(b) f (x) = −2x2 + 3 (d) f (x) = x5 + 1

17. Determine whether each of these functions is a bijection from R to R

(a) f (x) = 2x + 1 (c) f (x) = x3

(b) f (x) = x2 + 1 (d) f (x) = (x2 + 1)/(x4 + 2)

18. Use mathematical induction to show that

1
12 + 22 + · · · + n2 = n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6

for all positive integers n.

19. Prove that


1
12 + 32 + 52 + · · · + (2n + 1)2 = (n + 1)(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
3
for all positive integers n.

2
20. Use mathematical induction to show that
 2
3 3 3 n(n + 1)
1 + 2 + ··· + n =
2

for all positive integers n.

21. Find a formula for the sum of the first n even positive integers. Prove that formula by mathe-
matical induction.

22. Prove that 3n < n! if n > 6.

23. Prove that n! < nn if n > 1.

24. Prove that 3 divides n3 + 2n whenever n > 0.

25. A sequence (Sn ) of positive integers is defined by

Sn = Sn−1 + 4Sn−2 , S0 = 1, S1 = 5.

Prove that Sn is odd for every nonnegative integer n.

26. Prove that the following sets has a least element and find out that least element.
(a) {n ∈ N : n is a multiple of 7}.
(b) {n ∈ N : n = t2 − 10t + 28 for some integer t}.
(c) {n ∈ N : n 6= a2 + b2 + c2 for any integer a, b, c}.

27. Prove that well-ordering principle is not applicable for set of integers if we replace set of natural
numbers by set of integers.

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