Autumn Semester, Academic Year 2020–21
Assignment - 1
Course: MA 1001 Section: G
1 1
(1) If S = − : n, m ∈ N , find inf S and sup S with proper justification.
n m
(2) Find inf and sup of the following sets, if they exist.
(i) {x ∈ R : 2x + 5 > 0} (ii) x ∈ R : x + 2 ≥ x2 (iii) x ∈ R : x < x1
(3) Let S be a non-empty bounded set in R.
(i) If a > 0 and aS = {as : s ∈ S}, then prove that inf(aS) = a inf(S) and sup(aS) =
a sup(S).
(ii) If b < 0 and bS = {bs : s ∈ S}, then prove that inf(bS) = b sup(S) and sup(bS) =
b inf(S).
(4) By using definition of limit prove the following. Also find a specific value of N as
required in the definition of limit for = 1/2 and = 1/10 in each case.
1
(i) limn→∞ ln(n+1) =0
(−1)n n
(ii) limn→∞ n2 +1
=0
√
(iii) limn→∞ n2 + 1 − n = 0
2n2 −5 2
(iv) limn→∞ 3n2 +7n
= 3
(5) Prove that if lim an = a and if a > 0, then there exists a natural number M such
that an > 0, for every n ≥ M .
(6) Prove that the following sequences (an )n∈N are divergent.
(i) an = n (ii) an = 2n (iii) an = (−1)n n2
(7) Determine the limit of following sequences, if it exists.
(i) xn = (an + bn )1/n , 0 < a < b
1 2
(ii) xn = (1 + 2 )n
n
(iii) xn = n sin(n)
1
(iv) xn = (n + 1) ln(n+1)
an+1 + bn+1
(v) xn = ,0<a<b
an + bn
1
(vi) xn = [1 − (−1)n ] +
n
(vii) xn = n2 an , 0 < a < 1
bn
(viii) xn = 2 , b > 1
n
(ix) xn = sin(nπ/4)
(8) Let (an )n∈N be a sequence of positive real numbers and limn→∞ an = a. Prove that
√ √
limn→∞ an = a. (Consider two cases: a = 0 and a > 0.)
(9) Let (an ) and (bn ) be sequences√of positive real numbers such that for all n ≥ 1,
an+1 = 12 (an + bn ) and bn+1 = an bn . Show that for n ≥ 2, (an ) is monotonically
decreasing and (bn ) is monotonically increasing. Also deduce that (an ) and (bn ) have
the same limit.
3an +1
(10) Let a1 = 0 and an+1 = an +3 , for n ≥ 1. Show that (an ) is a convergent sequence
and find it’s limit.
2an +3
(11) Let a1 = 2 and an+1 = an +2 , for n ≥ 1. Show that (an ) is a convergent sequence
and find it’s limit.
1 1 1 1
(12) Establish the convergence of the sequence (an ), where an = n+1 + n+2 + n+3 +· · ·+ 2n
(13) Determine whether the following sequence are monotonic and bounded (without
calculating limit).
3n+1
(i) xn = n+1
(2n+3)!
(ii) xn = (n+1)!
2n 3n
(iii) xn = n!
2 1
(iv) xn = 2 − n − 2n
(14) Prove that the following sequences are Cauchy:
(i) xn = (n + 1)/n
(ii) xn = 31 xn−1 + 23 xn−2 , for n > 2.
(15) By using definition show that the (1 + (−1)n )n∈N is not Cauchy.
(16) Show that the following sequences are convergent and find their limits.
1
(i) a1 = 2, an+1 = 2 + , for n ≥ 1.
an
1
(ii) a1 = 1, an+1 = (2an + 3), for n ≥ 1.
4
an+1
(17) Give examples of two sequences (an ) such that limn→∞ an = 1, but one sequence
is convergent while the other is divergent.
(18) Use sandwich theorem to P
find the limit of following sequences:
2 2
(a) n1/n (b) (n!)1/n (c) nk=1 √n12 +k
(19) Test the convergence of following series:
1 3 5
(i) 1.2.3 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + · · ·
+
√ √ √
1 3 5 7
(ii) 4.6 + 6.8 + 8.10 + 10.12 + · · ·
P∞ n+1
(iii) n=1 np
P∞ √ 4 √
4
(iv) n=1 n + 1 − n − 1
P∞ 1
(v) n=1 sin n2
P∞ 1 1
(vi) n=1 n tan n
√
P∞ −n2
(vii) n=1 e
P∞ 1
(viii) n=2 n2 ln n
P∞ √n+1−√n−1
(ix) n=1 n
(x) ( 3 ) + ( 1.2
1 2
3.5 ) 2 + ( 1.2.3 )2 + · · ·
3.5.7
22 33 4
(xi) ( 12 − 1 ) + ( 23 − 23 )−2 + ( 434
2 −1
− 43 )−3 + · · ·
12 .22 22 .32 32 .42
(xii) 1! + 2! + 3! + · · ·
1 1 1 1
(xiii) 2 + 32 + 23 + 34 + · · ·
P∞ n3 +5
(xiv) n=1 3n +2
P∞ √nxn
(xv) n=1 n2 +1 ,
√ where x > 0
(20) Test the following series for absolute/conditional convergence.
P∞ (−1)n+1
(i) n=1
√
n
2 4 6
(ii) 1 − x2! + x4! − x6! + · · ·
P∞ n−1 [ 1 + 1
(iii) n=1 (−1) n2 (n+1)2
]
P∞ (−1)n+1
(iv) n=1 3n−2
P∞ n n+2
(v) n=1 (−1) 2n +5
P∞ sin nα
(vi) n=1 n2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(vii) 2 − 2 . 2 + 3 . 3 − 4 . 24 + · · ·
P∞ 2 n+12
(viii) n=1 (−1) (n/10)n
