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Lab 04
SENSORS AND MOTOR
APPLICATION

BFM3403 Fluid Drive System

Prepared By:
Mohd Azraai Razman
[email protected]

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, UMP

Checked by:
Rizal Ramedan

Lab Location
Hydraulic and Pneumatic FKP, UMP

Lab Objectives

By the end of this lab, students should be able to understand the specification of sensor,
motor, relays and switches. Integration between previous lab sessions is imposed.

Group Information: GROUP NO ___

No Student ID Student Names Section

1
2
3
4

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In this lab, students are required to have an ample understanding of operating basic hydraulic
and pneumatic system. The objective of this lab exercise is to ensure students understanding
on implementing sensors and motor as part of hydraulic or pneumatic system.

i. Fundamental of sensor and motor components.

ii. PART A: Integrating electro-hydraulic circuit
iii. PART B: Implementation of sensors for Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems
iv. References

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS – BE AWARE OF HIGH VOLTAGE!

DO NOT TURN ON THE POWER WHILE WIRING
FOLLOW THE STANDARD OF PROCEDURES (SOP) ON
OPERATING THE TANK COMPRESSOR

Fundamental of Sensor and motor components

A photoelectric sensor, or photo eye, as in Figure 1 is a device used to detect the distance,
absence, or presence of an object by using a light transmitter, often infrared, and a
photoelectric receiver. They are used extensively in industrial manufacturing. There are three
different functional types: opposed (through beam), retro-reflective, and proximity-sensing
(diffused).

A through beam arrangement consists of a receiver located within the line-of-sight of the
transmitter. In this mode, an object is detected when the light beam is blocked from getting to
the receiver from the transmitter.

Figure 1 Photoelectric sensor

A proximity (inductive) sensor as in Figure 2 is an electronic proximity sensor, which detects

metallic objects without touching them.

The sensor consists of an induction loop. Electric current generates a magnetic field, which
collapses generating a current that falls toward zero from its initial trans when the input

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electricity ceases. The inductance of the loop changes according to the material inside it and
since metals are much more effective inductors than other materials the presence of metal
increases the current flowing through the loop. This change can be detected by sensing
circuitry, which can signal to some other device whenever metal is detected.

Figure 2 Inductive Sensor

In electrical engineering, capacitive sensing is a technology, based on capacitive coupling,

that takes human body capacitance as input. Capacitive sensors as in Figure 3 detect anything
that is conductive or has a dielectric different from that of air.

Many types of sensors use capacitive sensing, including sensors to detect and measure
proximity, position or displacement, humidity, fluid level, and acceleration. Human interface
devices based on capacitive sensing, such as trackpads, can replace the computer mouse.
Digital audio players, mobile phones, and tablet computers use capacitive sensing
touchscreens as input devices. Capacitive sensors can also replace mechanical buttons. There
is also a musical instrument that uses capacitive sensing to allow a human player to control
volume and pitch without physically touching the instrument.

Figure 3 Capacitive sensor

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Geared DC motors as in Figure 4 can be defined as an extension of DC motor which already

had its Insight details demystified. A geared DC Motor has a gear assembly attached to the
motor. The speed of motor is counted in terms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is
termed as RPM .The gear assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing the speed.
Using the correct combination of gears in a gear motor, its speed can be reduced to any
desirable figure. This concept where gears reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its
torque is known as gear reduction. This Insight will explore all the minor and major details
that make the gear head and hence the working of geared DC motor.

Figure 4 DC geared motor

PART A: Integrating Sensors and motors (10marks)

In this section students are required to install the given sensors and motor and study the
motion of each independently. Sensors will give specific sensitivity and range based on their
specifications.

From previous lab sessions student has been exposed to the basic PLC, hydraulic and
pneumatic systems. The designing phase and development of those skills can be integrated
with the additional switches (sensors) and actuator (motor)

The lab comprises of the given materials:

1. Hydraulic station
2. Pneumatic station
3. Actuators (Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders/rotary)
4. Switch buttons
5. Sensors
6. Motor
7. Indicators

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In this section students are required to assemble the sensors (inductive capacitive and
photoelectric) and motor to study the behaviour. This experiment is to identify the
specification of these electrical devices. Vary the properties of the respective sensors.

1. Complete the table below

Sensor Type Properties Remarks
Density

Inductive

Range

Photoelectric

Material

Capacitive

2. Describe the wires of the sensors in brief in terms of signals and what is the
differences between PNP and NPN .
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3. The sensors have D and L operating mode, what does it means? Relate the operation
with NO and NC, and the energizing of relays.
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4. Each sensor has an electric circuit diagram. Verify each diagram and sketch in the table below. Draw the schematic illustration and
graphic symbol for the following sensors.
Photoelectric sensor
Electric circuit Schematic illustration Graphic symbol

Inductive Sensor
Electric circuit Schematic illustration Graphic symbol

Capacitive Sensor
Electric circuit Schematic illustration Graphic symbol

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PART B: Implementation of sensors for Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems (20 Marks)

For PART B, student has to work in groups to design and develop their own Hydraulic or
Pneumatic systems. Select appropriate station and its distinctive materials as mentioned
previously.

1. Work out the design for selected system. The development must consist at least
two sensors, two actuators and one electric motor.
2. Draw a complete electrical circuit for the system below (include time sequences).
3. Please ensure the illustration of sensors is included appropriately in the electrical
circuit diagram.
4. Recall from previous lab session, includes the standard interlocking and safety
precaution implementation on the system.

BFM 3403 Sensor_Motor_FDS Azraai-FKP-2018/2019