A report on

BIM in Construction operation

Submitted By
Abhishake Dutta (CE21708)
Shubham Gupta (CE21709)

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

WARANGAL, TELANGANA

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ABSTRACT
BIM is adopted in design and construction industry but the adoption of BIM is quiet difficult in
execution and workers to understand because of lack of knowledge and exchange of data. For
better implementation of BIM there are many different tools are used like information delivery
manuals, last planner system and set based design to reduce the problem arises during
implementation and execution of BIM. BIM adoption reduces design and construction cost and
increases productivity of resources related to project. In this report, application of BIM in
construction, clash detection different tools used in construction are mentioned. The complexity
of project is also removed. BIM is also used in prefabricated buildings to reduce the variations
related to manufacturing of prefabricated objects which vary according to project due to different
climate, material quality and workmanship. Using BIM increases product quality, provides right
quantity procurement and improves scheduling and decreases cost and complications.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Sl. No. Particulars Page number

Abstract 2

1 Introduction 5

2 Level of development 5

3 BIM maturity level 6

4 Challenges in BIM implementation 6

5 BIM application 6-11

6 Project delivery 11-12

7 BIM improvement method and tools 12-13

8 Conclusion 14

References 15-16

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 List of Figures

Sl. No. Title Page

number
Fig a LOD definition and data available 5

Fig 1 Asset information model linking to enterprise solution 8

Fig b Typical methodology for clash detection 9

Fig c Spatial relations in clash context 9

Fig d Examples of clash impacted 9

Fig 2 Logistic planning and control model 11

Fig 3 Types of BIM requirements for industry, organization and 12

project scales

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1. Introduction
BIM is a platform to transform data into different form to make project easy and remove the
complexity. BIM is used in AEC (architectural, engineering, construction), in BIM the data is
transferred without any interruption, it reduces the time to understand execution and provide
clear idea about all resources which are required at time of operation [2]. The data which are
included in BIM are material, cost, type, equipment, machinery, labors, managers, dimensions
and many other type of data. In a survey of BIM professional by UK NBS ‘client do not
understand the benefits of BIM’ this statement is given because of many client do not
understand the BIM and not demanded to implement BIM. There is also lack of knowledge
for BIM, so by improving the knowledge of BIM the project can be execute easily. BIM is
used to communicate and analyze various types of building models [20].
These building models could be
 Models related to computable graphics and data. May include parameters as well
 Behavioral data of members or components
 Coordinates data which represents the special orientations

2. Level of Development
The level of information details included in a BIM model and the data available to the
corresponding information is level of development (LOD)[17].

Fig.a. LOD definition and data available

(Method to enable LCA analysis through each level of development
Of a BIM model M. Dupuis, A.April, P.Lesage and D.Forgues)

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3. BIM maturity level
In BIM there are different maturity level which describe different ability level of construction
to operate and exchange different data related to project. In BIM maturity level, it should
explain such that the client should understand what the project execution steps is, how it work
and when it will complete [13, 14].

BIM Level-0: No virtual collaboration is seen. Drawings on papers are used. It is mostly
followed today.
BIM Level-1: Conversion of CAD to 2-D or 3-D model is seen. No models are shared in this
level.
BIM Level-2: Procedure used to share the information among different stakeholders is
implemented in this level.
BIM Level-3: Integration of information related to whole project, and uploading these
information to database is done in this level. Since all the stakeholders can modify and upload
information to this database, this process becomes less tedious.

4. Challenges in BIM implementation

There are different challenges to implementation of BIM like lack of knowledge, clients not
interest in BIM but the main barrier in BIM adoption is hesitation in an industry to adopt new
and emerging technology. There is conflict between interoperability and exchange of
information resulting lack of operation and maintenance in BIM management process and
then the requirement of BIM is neglected by clients and designer [3, 4].

5. BIM APPLICATION

5.1. Model of existing infrastructure

A BIM model of existing structure can be created using concept of BIM. Suppose the
existing structure isn’t constructed using BIM concept, so implementing BIM for this
structure requires present data of its surroundings, facilities and various services. These
can be obtained by detailed survey of existing structure and the blue-prints from past.
This created model will help in renovations in future [1, 5].

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5.2. BIM in operation and maintenance
For making operation and maintenance easier by BIM, a tool is defined as information
delivery manuals (IDM) is used. It provides information which related to a specific
construction. It also describe the information in a controlled manner so that the correct
information about any activity can be provide. For any single activity, single IDM is
used.
Operation of a structure includes high energy consumption. During the planning for
structure, proper sustainable designs can help in reducing the operation energy
requirement. The energy load can help in minimizing the carbon footprints during the
operation phase of the building, which predominates all the phases [6, 8, 9].

5.3. Asset management

It involves costs, opportunity and risk related to project with use of BIM. It focuses on
value that provide to organization. There is need for asset management because demand
is increasing rapidly by new infrastructure, roads, railways, water supply etc. by using
asset information model, it explain how it works. BIM model created can be used during
the whole life cycle of a building. Any repair or renovation work can be done easily
using the existing model. The waste produced during the rehabilitation and renovation
work can be managed through BIM using lean principles. Database created once can be
used by all the stakeholders for the lifetime of the structure. Any new entry of
participant can access the database and can obtain all the past and present information
attached to the BIM model [8, 10].

5.4. Cost Estimation

BIM can be used to estimate the cost associated to the project. 5th Dimension of BIM is
the dimension storing information regarding the cost involved. It stores actual cost and
stores estimated cost. This dimension can be used to make comparisons which will help
to judge the cost overruns if any [19].

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 Fig 1: Asset information model linking to enterprise solution

5.5. Clash detection

When any project is designed without using BIM then during designing phase there is
clash in project cannot be observed. At the time of execution the clashes in between
mechanical, electrical and plumbing components can occur. To solve the clashes some
cost and time is also expended which make it uneconomical. To remove all these
clashes and conflicts BIM is used, it provides 3-D model of project by iterating the
process for planning. This model has all design data and the information produced after
several iterations. Due to the several iterations the clashes can be identified before the
execution process and can be rectified during planning itself. Plan is reworked to
resolve all the possible clashes that may occur. This iteration and reworking on plan will
save both cost and time during the execution. Reducing the clashes can help in reducing
the delivery time as time is saved from number of model revision during the
construction stage [7, 11].

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Fig. b. typical methodology for clash detection (Holistic clash detection improvement using a component dependent
Network in BIM projects Yuqing Hu, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, and Charles M. Eastman)

Fig. c. spatial relations in clash context (Holistic clash detection improvement using a component dependent
Network in BIM projects Yuqing Hu, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, and Charles M. Eastman)

Fig. d. Examples of clash impacted components (Holistic clash detection improvement using a component dependent
Network in BIM projects Yuqing Hu, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, and Charles M. Eastman)

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5.6. Use of BIM in construction phase
BIM uses 3-D, 4-D, 5-D models. In 3-D, the project is represented to visualize in all
three dimension by using Revit software. In 4-D, the time related to project is
mentioned which provide the schedule of project, any delay in activity can also be
included in this and the project can be rescheduled. In 5-D model, the cost of project is
included. By using all three dimension, during construction phase scheduling, clash
detection and cost can be minimize and better productivity can be gained during
construction or execution phase. BIM allows integration of n-dimensional information
with a project. It begins with 3-D data and extends up to 8-D data linkage. Each
dimension provides a unique set of data related to the project which can be utilized over
the life cycle of the building [12].

3-D BIM- This dimension represent the 3-D models of on-going project. It may include
simulation of real future construction. This dimension provides data of clash analysis
and design coordination.
4-D BIM- When a 3-D BIM is linked with the schedule of project then it is 4-D BIM. It
is an effective way for scheduling of construction and establishing a logical sequence in
activities. 4-D BIM models can create real time simulation of construction in virtual
environments.
5-D BIM- Linkage of cost related information to 3-D models is 5-D BIM. It provides
data of cost estimation and cash flow in the project.
6-D BIM- Linking of 3-D model with projects life cycle information.
7-D BIM- Sustainability standards are incorporated with 3-D BIM in 7th dimension.

5.7. Site logistics planning and control model

Site planning and control model is generally used for prefabricated building system
where it uses both lean management and BIM concept to fulfil the project goal of time,
cost and safety. There are large demand of prefabricated building system because it
reduces time and cost and provide better quality but due to uncertainty in demand by
short lead time, overlapping between project stages and resources the production
become complex so by using logistic management the goal can be achieved. It uses
BIM 4-D modelling. A schematic representation of logistic planning and control model
is:

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 Fig 2: Logistic planning and control model

6. Project Delivery

BIM is utilized during handover the project to owners. Information from design and
construction should be transferred to owner during delivery so that it can be used during
operation phase. Accurate and relevant information must be transferred to the owner as
per their requirements so that they can use these information for facility management.
Present delivery of building information is late, unstructured, incomplete, unusable and
not so consistent. Owner often doesn’t know the equipment and systems which are
handed over to them before occupancy and operation which are under their responsibility.
BIM can be a potential tool to overcome such problem. The advantage of BIM is related
to its database system for working [15, 16].

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 6.1. Facilities management and operations after delivery
It is very important for Operation and maintenance personnel to use the
information related to structure design and construction. They use these
information for operation and maintenance of equipment and systems in structure
efficiently and effectively. Careful operation and maintenance can extend the
service life of equipment and systems installed in the structure, to maintain the
structure effectively, to achieve sustainability by checking energy efficiency and
to reduce labour time as well as maintenance down time.

Fig.3. types of BIM requirements for industry, organization and project scales
(Developing owner information requirements for BIM-enabled project delivery and asset management
Hasan Burak Cavka, Sheryl Staub-French, Erik A. Poirier)

7. BIM improvement method and tools

There are many problem in BIM implementation and to resolve these problem some tools
and methods are used like last planner system, set based design, knot working and big
room. The purpose of last planner system is to maximize the productivity of resources
and materials, improve the managing issue related to construction project and
improvement in project transparency by scheduling and percentage plan complete. A 5-D
model from BIM can be a strong tool to obtain the objectives. 5-D model helps in
organizing and outlining the work. Having an overall framework plan alongside can help
achieving discipline during whole project phase [11]. Framework plan derived from 5-D
BIM gives all the required information such as schedule, resource allocations, costs
involved and all other depending factors.

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5-D BIM not only proved to be powerful psychological supporting tool while keeping the
plans in force by giving them strong adhesion but also provides valid guidelines to
manage the site accordingly. Since scheduling is considered to be an activity handled by
experienced engineers, this concept of BIM can attach detailed scheduling information by
simulation checks facility present in technology. This scheduling is well featured without
compromising on the quality obtained from an experienced engineer [18].

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8. Conclusion
BIM is directly related to time, cost and productivity. BIM uses different tools to reduce
the complexity of work and maintain work flow during execution. It also detect clashes
during designing phase and eliminate during design. The BIM model provide efficient
work and better productivity. Now, projects which are constructed by using BIM, are
more efficient and provide greater productivity than the project which are constructed
without BIM model. It also reduces communication gap between top level management
to bottom level workers related to project. BIM gives a proper dataset while delivering
the project to the owner which further utilized by O & M personnel working for Owner.
Proper facility management and operation may prolong the life of structure with
equipment and systems in it, this will lead to proper energy efficiency and less operating
expenses. Proper site layout and logistics management designed by iteration in BIM can
save cost and reduce the delivery time.

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References
1. Design and development model to support operation and maintenance, James Heaton, Ajit
Kumar parlikad, Jennifer schooling, university of Cambridge, department of engineering
institute of manufacturing

2. BIM based framework for operation and maintenance of utility tunnel, Xianfei Yina, Hexu
Liub, Yuan Chena, Yaowu Wangc, Mohamed Al-Husseina

3. Site logistic planning and control for engineer- to- order prefabricated building system
using BIM 4-D modelling, Rafaela bortolini, Carlos Torres formoso, Daniela d viana,
building innovation research unit, Universidad federal do rio grande do sul, Brazil

4. BIM based last planner system for improving construction project management, Daniel
heigermoser, Borja Garcia de Soto ,earnest Leslie Sidney Abbott, David Kim haut Chua,

5. On demand monitoring of construction project through a game like hybrid application of

BIM and machine learning, farzad pour rahimian, Saleh seyedzadeh, Stephen Oliver,
Sergio Rodriguez, nashwan dawood

6. BIM based immersive virtual reality for construction work space planning: a safety
oriented approach, Vito Getulia, Pietro Caponea, Alessandro Bruttinia, Shabtai Isaacb,
University of florance- department of civil and environment engineering florance, Italy

7. Development of BIM-integrated construction robot task planning and simulation system,

Sungjin Kim, Matthew Peavey, Pei-Chi Huang, Kyungki Kim

8. Logic representation and reasoning for automated BIM analysis to support automation in
offsite construction, Oscar Wong Chong, jiansong zhang

9. BIM based optimization of camera placement for indoor construction monitoring

considering the construction schedule

10. Using BIM as lean management tool in construction processes: a case study, Ahmed.M.
Eldeep, Moataz.A.M. Farag, L.M. Abd El-hafez, faculty of engineering, monia university,
Egypt.

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11. A BIM-based automated site layout planning framework for congested construction sites
Srinath S. Kumar, Jack C.P. Cheng Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong

12. Research on Construction Schedule Management Based on BIM Technology Xue Li, Jing
Xu Qun Zhang

13. Developing owner information requirements for BIM-enabled project Delivery and asset
management Hasan Burak Cavka⁎, Sheryl Staub-French, Erik A. Poirier Department of
Civil Engineering, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

14. Holistic clash detection improvement using a component dependent network in BIM
projects Yuqing Hua, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, Charles M. Eastman

15. Challenges of BIM for Construction Site Operations Hans-Joachim Bargstädt Professor for
Construction Engineering and Management at Bauhaus-Universidad Weimar, 99421
Weimar, Germany

16. Method to enable LCA analysis through each level of development Of a BIM model M.
Dupuis, A.April, P.Lesage and D.Forgues

17. 3D,4D and 5D Building Information Modelling for Commercial Building Projects
Somnath D. Khochare, Ashish P. Waghmare

18. A Critical Appraisal of Integrating 4D and 5D BIM into Construction Practice Piyush
Sharma, Sakshi Gupta, Lalit Kumar

19. Analysis of Benefits, Advantages and Challenges of Building Information Modelling in

Construction Industry, P.M Diaz

20. P. C. D. L. A. Volkov, Information management in the application of BIM in stages of

construction. Elsevier, 2016.

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