UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

Centre : Centre for Foundation Studies (CFS)

Course : Foundation in Science
Year / Trimester : Year 1 / Trimester 1
Course Code / Title : FHSC1014 / Mechanics

Additional Tutorial 2: Vector and translational kinematics

1. Find the x and y-components of: (a) a displacement of 200 km, at 30.0o. (b) a velocity of
40.0 km/h, at 120o; and (c) a force of 50.0 N at 330o. [(a) 173 km, 100 km, (b) -20.0
km/h, +34.6 km/h, (c) 43.3 N, -25.0 N]

2. Three forces are applied to an object, as indicated in the drawing.

Force F1 has a magnitude of 21.0 newtons (21.0 N) and is directed
30.0° to the left of the + y axis. Force F2 has a magnitude of 15.0
N and points along the + x axis. What must be the magnitude and
direction (specified by the angle  in the drawing) of the third force
F3 such that the vector sum of the three forces is 0 N? [18.7 N,
76o]

3. A 200 N block rests on a 30o inclined plane as shown in figure below. If the weight of the
block acts vertically downward, what are the components of the weight down the plane
and perpendicular to the plane? Choose x-axis along plane and y-axis perpendicular.
[100 N, 173 N]

300

W
300

4. The drawing shows a triple jump on a checkerboard, starting at the center of square A
and ending on the center of square B. Each side of a square measures 4.0 cm. What is the
magnitude of the displacement of the colored checker during the triple jump? [25 cm]
5. Two cars travel in the same direction along a straight highway, one at a constant speed of
55 km/h and the other at 70 km/h. (a) Assuming they start at the same point, how much
sooner does the faster car arrive at a destination 10 km away? (b) How far must the faster
car travel before it has a 15-min lead on the slower car? [(a) 2.3 min, (b) 64 km]

6. Two motorcycles are traveling due east with different velocities. However, four seconds
later, they have the same velocity. During this four-second interval, cycle A has an
average acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 due east, while cycle B has an average acceleration of
4.0 m/s2 due east. By how much did the speeds differ at the beginning of the four-second
interval, and which motorcycle was moving faster? [8.0 m/s, A]

7. A rock is dropped from rest. When will its displacement be 18.0 m below the point of
release? What is its velocity just before hit the ground? [1.92 s, 18.8 m/s]

8. A baseball is hit nearly straight up into the air with a speed of 22 m/s. (a) How high does
it go? (b) How long is it in the air? [25 m, 4.5 s]

9. Every year the Earth travels about 109 km as it orbits the Sun. What is Earth’s average
speed in km/h? [1×105 km/h]

10. The graph in figure shows the velocity of a motorcycle police

officer plotted as a function of time. (a) Find the instantaneous
acceleration at t = 3 s, at t = 7 s, and at t = 11 s. (b) How far does
the officer go in the first 5 s? The first 9 s? The first 13 s? [(a) 0,
6.3 m/s2, -11.3 m/s2, (b) 100 m, 230 m, 320 m]

11. A marble is released from one rim of a hemispherica1 bowl of diameter 50.0 cm and rolls
down and up to the opposite rim in 10.0 s. Find (a) the average speed and (b) the average
velocity of the marble. [(a) 7.85×10-2 m/s, (b) 5.00×10-2 m/s]

12. A ball is thrown straight up from the ground with speed u. At the same instant, a second
ball is dropped from rest from a height H, directly above the point where the first ball was
thrown upward. There is no air resistance. (a) Find the time at which the two balls
collide. (b) Find the value of H in terms of u and g so that at the instant when the balls
collide, the first ball is at the highest point of its motion. [(a) t = H/u, (b) H = u2/g]
Answer Guidelines for Additional Tutorial 2: Vector and translational kinematics

1. (a) Dx = 200 cos 30.0o = 173 km

Dy = 200 sin 30.0o = 100 km
(b) vx = 40.0 cos 120o = -20.0 km/h
vy = 40.0 sin 120o = +34.6 km/h
(c) Fx = 50.0 cos 330o = 43.3 N;
Fy = 50.0 sin 330o = -25.0 N

2. F3  ( F1  F2 )
Vector x-component y-component
F1 -(21.0) sin30.0o = -10.5 N +(21.0) cos30.0o = +18.2 N
F2 +15.0 N 0N
F3 -(-10.5+15.0) = -4.5 N -(18.2+0) = -18.2 N
F3  (4.5) 2  (18.2) 2  18.7 N
 18.2
  tan 1  76
 4. 5

3. Wx = 200 sin 300; Wx = 100 N, down the plane.

Wy = 200 cos 300; Wy = 173 N, normal to the plane.

4. The triple jump consists of a double jump in one direction,

followed by a perpendicular single jump, which we can represent
with displacement vectors J and K and D = J + K.
J = 4d and K = 2d where d  s 2  s 2  s 2 .
D  J 2  K 2  (4d ) 2  (2d ) 2  20d 2  d 20  s 40
D  (4.0) 40  25 cm

 10 10 
5. (a) t  t1  t 2    60  2.3 min
 55 70 
(b) When the faster car has a 15.0 min lead, it is ahead by a distance equal to that
traveled by the slower car in a time of 15.0 min.
 15.0 
x1  (55)   13.75 km
 60.0 
The faster car pulls ahead of the slower car at a rate of
vrel  70  55  15 km/h
Thus, the time required for it to get distance Δx1 ahead is
x 13.75
t  1  (60)  55 min
vrel 15
Finally, the distance the faster car has traveled during this time is
  55.0 
x1  (70)   64 km
 60.0 

6. v  u A  aAt --- (1)

v  uB  aBt --- (2)
(1) = (2)
u A  uB  (4.0  2.0)(4)  8.0 m/s
The positive result indicates that motorcycle A was initially traveling faster.

7. v 2  u 2  2 gs
v 2  0  2(9.8)(18.0)
v  18.8 m/s
Or
s = ut + ½gt2
(-18.0 m) = (0)(t) + ½(-9.8 m/s2)t2
t = 1.92 s
v = u + gt = 0 + (-9.8 m/s2)(1.92 s)
v = -18.8 m/s

v 2  u 2  2as
8. (a)
0  222
s  25 m
2(9.81)
(b) s  ut  12 at 2
2(22)
t  4.5 s when s = 0
9.81

x  109 km  1 yr  1d 
9. v       1 105 km/h
t  1 yr  365 d  24 h 

10. (a) At t = 3 s, a = 0.
45  20
At t = 7 s, a   6.3 m/s 2
95
0  45
At t = 11 s, a   11.3 m/s 2
13  9
(b) For t = 0 to t = 5 s, x = (20)(5) = 100 m.
For t = 5 s to t = 9 s, x = ½ (20+45)(9-5) = 130 m.
For t = 0 to t = 9 s, x = 100 + 130 = 230 m.
For t = 9 s to t = 13 s, x = ½ (45-0)(13-9) = 90 m.
For t = 0 to t = 13 s, x = 90 + 230 = 320 m.
 D/2  (50.0) / 2
11. (a) The average speed is   7.85 cm/s  7.85  10-2 m/s
t 10.0
x 50.0
(b) v   5.00 cm/s  5.00  10 -2 m/s
t 10.0

12. (a) y A  ut  12 gt 2
y B  H  12 gt 2
For y A  yB ,
ut  12 gt 2  H  12 gt 2
H
t --- (1)
u
(b) For ball A at its highest point, v = 0.
u
v  u  gt  t  --- (2)
g
(1) = (2)
u2
H
g