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ELLIPSE

The document presents four theorems about the standard form equations of ellipses. Theorem 1 and 2 give the equations of ellipses with foci on the x- and y-axis, respectively. Theorem 3 and 4 give the general equations of ellipses with arbitrary center points and major axes parallel to the x- and y-axis. Each theorem also lists the key properties of the ellipse such as the coordinates of vertices, foci, and endpoints. Examples are given to demonstrate finding the specific properties for given ellipse equations.

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Fabiosa, Elainne Marie
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40 views22 pages

ELLIPSE

The document presents four theorems about the standard form equations of ellipses. Theorem 1 and 2 give the equations of ellipses with foci on the x- and y-axis, respectively. Theorem 3 and 4 give the general equations of ellipses with arbitrary center points and major axes parallel to the x- and y-axis. Each theorem also lists the key properties of the ellipse such as the coordinates of vertices, foci, and endpoints. Examples are given to demonstrate finding the specific properties for given ellipse equations.

Uploaded by

Fabiosa, Elainne Marie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROPERTIES

THEOREM 1 THEOREM 2
- An equation of an ellipse that has its foci - An equation of an ellipse that has its foci
at 𝐹1 𝐶, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 −𝐶, 0 at 𝐹1 0, 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 0, −𝐶

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ = 1, + = 1,
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑏2 𝑎2

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏2 = 𝑎 2 − 𝑐 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑐 2
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2
𝑎>𝑏 𝑎>𝑏
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 1 THEOREM 2
𝒙 𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒚𝟐
PROPERTIES OF 𝟐 + 𝟐 =𝟏 PROPERTIES OF 𝟐 + 𝟐 =𝟏
𝒂 𝒃 𝒃 𝒂
1. CENTER: 𝟎, 𝟎 1. CENTER: 𝟎, 𝟎
2. VERTICES: (± 𝒂, 𝟎) 2. VERTICES: (𝟎, ± 𝒂)
3. FOCI: (± 𝒄, 𝟎) 3. FOCI: (𝟎, ± 𝒄)
4. ENDPOINTS (extremities of Minor Axis): (𝟎, ± 𝒃) 4. ENDPOINTS (extremities of Minor Axis): (± 𝒃, 𝟎)
5. MAJOR AXIS: 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 , 𝒚 = 𝟎 5. MAJOR AXIS: 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 , 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝒄 𝒄
6. ECCENTRICITY: 𝒆 = 𝒂 < 𝟏 6. ECCENTRICITY: 𝒆 = 𝒂 < 𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
7. DIRECTRICES: 𝒙 = ±𝒄 7. DIRECTRICES: y = ±𝒄
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 1 THEOREM 2
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
PROPERTIES OF 𝟐 + 𝟐 =𝟏 PROPERTIES OF + 𝟐 =𝟏
𝒂 𝒃 𝒃 𝒂

8. LENGTH: 8. LENGTH:
MAJOR AXIS: 𝟐𝒂 MAJOR AXIS: 𝟐𝒂
MINOR AXIS: 𝟐𝒃 MINOR AXIS: 𝟐𝒃
𝟐𝒃𝟐 𝟐𝒃𝟐
LATUS RECTUM: 𝒂
LATUS RECTUM: 𝒂
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 1: GRAPH THEOREM 2: GRAPH


PROPERTIES

THEOREM 1 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
+ 𝒃𝟐 =𝟏
EXAMPLE: 𝒂𝟐
Find the properties of the ellipse with Since 𝟐𝟓 > 𝟗,
equation 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓, 𝒂 = 𝟐𝟓 = ±𝟓
SOLUTION:
𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟗 , 𝒃 = 𝟗 = ±𝟑
𝟗𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟓
+ 𝟐𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒄 = ± 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
+ = 𝟏
𝟐𝟓 𝟗 𝒄 = ± 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟗
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 1 5. MAJOR AXIS: 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 , 𝒚 = 𝟎


𝟒
CONTINUATION: 6. ECCENTRICITY: 𝒆 = 𝟓 < 𝟏
𝒄 = ± 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓
7. DIRECTRICES: 𝒙 = ± 𝟒
𝒄 = ±𝟒
8. LENGTH:
PROPERTIES:
MAJOR AXIS: 𝟐 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
1. CENTER: 𝟎, 𝟎 MINOR AXIS: 𝟐 𝟑 = 𝟔
2. VERTICES: (±𝟓, 𝟎) 𝟐𝒃𝟐 𝟐(𝟗) 𝟏𝟖
LATUS RECTUM: = =
3. FOCI: (±𝟒, 𝟎) 𝒂 𝟓 𝟓

4. ENDPOINTS: (𝟎, ±𝟑)


PROPERTIES

THEOREM 2 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝟐
+ 𝟐=𝟏
EXAMPLE: 𝒃 𝒂
Since 𝟏𝟔 > 𝟗,
Find the properties of the ellipse
given 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒. 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟔 = ±𝟒
SOLUTION:
𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟗 , 𝒃 = 𝟗 = ±𝟑
𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝟗𝒚𝟐 𝟏𝟒𝟒
+ 𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒄 = ± 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
+ =𝟏
𝟗 𝟏𝟔
𝒄 = ± 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟗 = ± 𝟕
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 2 CONTINUATION: 5. MAJOR AXIS: 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 , 𝒙 = 𝟎


𝟕
6. ECCENTRICITY: 𝒆 = < 𝟏
𝟒
PROPERTIES: 7. DIRECTRICES: 𝐲 = ±
𝟏𝟔
𝟕
1. CENTER: 𝟎, 𝟎 8. LENGTH:
2. VERTICES: (𝟎, ±𝟒) MAJOR AXIS: 𝟐 𝟒 = 𝟖
3. FOCI: (𝟎, ± 𝟕) MINOR AXIS: 𝟐 𝟑 = 𝟔
4. ENDPOINTS: (±𝟑, 𝟎) 𝟐𝒃𝟐 𝟐(𝟗) 𝟏𝟖 𝟗
LATUS RECTUM: = = =
𝒂 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
GRAPHS

THEOREM 1 THEOREM 2
EQUATION OF THE ELLIPSE WITH CENTER AT
(h,k)
THEOREM 3 THEOREM 4
-An equation of an ellipse having its - An equation of an ellipse having
center at the point (h,k) and its the center (h,k) and its major
major axis parallel to the x-axis is, axis parallel to the y-axis is,

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐


𝟐 + 𝟐 =𝟏 + =𝟏
𝒂 𝒃 𝒃 𝟐 𝒂 𝟐

𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒄𝟐 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒄𝟐
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
𝒂>𝒃 𝒂>𝒃
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 3 THEOREM 4
(𝒙−𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐
PROPERTIES OF
𝒂𝟐
+ 𝒃𝟐 =𝟏 PROPERTIES OF
𝒃𝟐
+ 𝒂𝟐 =𝟏
1. CENTER: 𝒉, 𝒌 1. CENTER: 𝒉, 𝒌
2. VERTICES: (± 𝒂 + 𝒉, 𝒌) 2. VERTICES: (𝒉, ± 𝒂 + 𝒌)
3. FOCI: (± 𝒄 + 𝒉, 𝒌) 3. FOCI: (𝒉, ± 𝒄 + 𝒌)
4. ENDPOINTS : (𝒉, ± 𝒃 + 𝒌) 4. ENDPOINTS : (± 𝒃 + 𝒉, 𝒌)
5. MAJOR AXIS: 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆, 𝒚 = 𝒌 5. MAJOR AXIS: 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆, 𝒙 = 𝒉
𝒄 𝒄
6. ECCENTRICITY: 𝒆 = 𝒂 < 𝟏 6. ECCENTRICITY: 𝒆 = 𝒂 < 𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
7. DIRECTRICES: 𝒙 = ±𝒄 +𝐡 7. DIRECTRICES: 𝐲 = ±𝒄 +𝐤
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 3: GRAPH THEOREM 4: GRAPH


PROPERTIES

THEOREM 3 EXAMPLE:
Find the properties of the ellipse with the equation
𝟗𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐲 − 𝟏𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎.
SOLUTION:
𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐲 − 𝟏𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖𝐱 + 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐲 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝟗(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱) + 𝟐𝟓(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝐲) = 𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
−𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟒 𝟐
𝟗 (𝒙 +𝟐𝐱 + ( ) + 𝟐𝟓 (𝒚 −𝟒𝒚 + ( ) = 𝟏𝟏𝟔 + 𝟗( ) + 𝟐𝟓( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟗 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟓 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔 + 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 3 EXAMPLE CONTINUATION:


𝟗 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟓 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔 + 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟗 (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓 (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝟗 (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝟐𝟓 (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟓
+ =
𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 + 𝟏) (𝒚 − 𝟐)
+ =1
𝟐𝟓 9
PROPERTIES
THEOREM 3 EXAMPLE CONTINUATION:

(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
+ =𝟏
𝟐𝟓 9 𝒄 = ± 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃 𝟐

Since 𝟐𝟓 > 𝟗 𝒄 = ± 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟗

𝒂𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓, 𝒂 = 𝟐𝟓 = ±𝟓 𝒄 = ± 𝟏𝟔

𝒄 = ±𝟒
𝒃𝟐 = 𝟗, 𝒃 = 𝟗 = ±𝟑
PROPERTIES
THEOREM 3 EXAMPLE
CONTINUATION:
5. MAJOR AXIS: 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆, 𝒚 = 𝟐
1. CENTER: −𝟏, 𝟐 𝟒
6. ECCENTRICITY: 𝒆 = < 𝟏 𝟓
2. VERTICES: ±𝟓 + (−𝟏), 𝟐 7. DIRECTRICES:
𝟒, 𝟐 , (−𝟔, 𝟐) 𝟐𝟓
𝒙=± + (−𝟏)
3. FOCI: ±𝟒 + (−𝟏), 𝟐 𝟒
𝟐𝟏 −𝟐𝟗
𝟑, 𝟐 , (−𝟓, 𝟐) 𝒙 = and 𝒙 =
𝟒 𝟒
4. ENDPOINTS : −𝟏, ±𝟑 + 𝟐
−𝟏, 𝟓 , (−𝟏, −𝟏)
PROPERTIES

THEOREM 4 EXAMPLE:
Find the properties of the ellipse with the equation
𝟗𝒙𝟐 +𝟒𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎.
SOLUTION:
LCD

𝟐𝟓
𝒙= + (−𝟏)
𝟒
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒 𝟐𝟏
𝒙= −𝟏= =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟐𝟓 −𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒 −𝟐𝟗
𝒙=− −𝟏= =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

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