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FFT & DFT

FFT is a fast algorithm that reduces the complexity of computing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). FFT reduces the number of calculations required for an N point DFT from 2N^2 to NlogN. DFT transforms discrete time samples into discrete frequency samples, representing a signal in the frequency domain. FFT is a faster implementation of DFT that is useful for applications like signal processing where reducing computation time is important.

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Poonam Bhavsar
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662 views5 pages

FFT & DFT

FFT is a fast algorithm that reduces the complexity of computing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). FFT reduces the number of calculations required for an N point DFT from 2N^2 to NlogN. DFT transforms discrete time samples into discrete frequency samples, representing a signal in the frequency domain. FFT is a faster implementation of DFT that is useful for applications like signal processing where reducing computation time is important.

Uploaded by

Poonam Bhavsar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is FFT?

FFT, short for Fast Fourier transform, is a mathematical algorithm in computers that
accelerates the conversions made by DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform). Helps reduce the
complexities of computing.

FFT is widely used in signal processing. Reduce the number of calculations required for N
points 2N2 to N log N, where LG is a base two algorithm. FFT is classified into two
categories: time decimation and frequency decimation.

The FFT algorithm works differently by rearranging the input elements in reverse bit order
and then constructing the output transform (time decimation). The basic work is to break a
transform of length N into two transforms of length N / 2.

FFT is an algorithm that Cooley and Turkey discussed in 1965, but the critical factoring of
this algorithm was described by Gauss in 1805, which is by Cooley and Tukey. Gauss
described the factoring step by step.

The operation of FFT can be explained by an example; If an operation takes 1 nanosecond,


then the fast Fourier transform will reduce the time to 30 seconds when calculating the
discrete Fourier transform for the problem size N = 10 * 9.

In computer jargon, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) reduces the number of calculations
required for the size of problem N. Simply put, the fast Fourier transform is a mathematical
algorithm used for the fast and efficient calculation of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is useful for reducing time in DFT calculations and the
efficiency of FFT is visible in sound engineering, seismology or voltage measurement.

What is DFT?
DFT is an abbreviation of the discrete Fourier transform, it is a mathematical algorithm that
helps to process digital signals by calculating the spectrum of a signal of finite duration.

DFT works by transforming N discrete time samples into the same number of discrete
frequency samples. In some applications, the time domain shape is not applicable for signals,
in which case the frequency content of the signal becomes very useful.

The other type of DFT is IDFT which stands for Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform,
although it works quite similarly to DFT in that it also transforms N discrete frequency
samples into the same number of discrete time samples.

There are several circumstances in which the frequency content of a signal is in the time
domain. DFT works in applications like LC oscillators to see how much noise is present in a
produced sine wave. Apart from spectrum estimation, DFT has other applications in DSP, eg
fast convolution.
Some of the DFT properties are: –

1. Linearity: according to the DFT linearity of a combination of signals it is equal to


the sum of individual signals.
2. Duality: a theorem is used to find the sequence of finite duration, the theorem used
is; X (N) ⟷Nx [((- k)) N].
There are other properties of DFT, which includes; complex conjugate properties, circular
frequency shift, multiplication of two sequences, Parseval’s theorem, and symmetry.

DFT or Discrete Fourier Transform works by transforming the signals in the time domain
into the frequency domain components, since the representation of digital signals in terms of
their frequency component is important in the frequency domain.

This is a direct examination of the information encoded in the frequency phase and the
amplitude of the sinusoid component. For example, human speech and hearing use signals for
this type of encoding; Furthermore, DFT can find the frequency response of the system from
the impulse response of the system and vice versa.
Comparison table between FFT and DFT

Comparison
FFT DFT
parameters

Full form Fast Fourier transform Discrete Fourier transform

The fusion of various computer The mathematical algorithm that transforms the tim
Definition
techniques, including DFT. domain into frequency domain components.

Establish the relationship between the time domain


Job Faster calculation
the frequency domain

Convolution, voltage measurement,


Applications Spectrum estimation, conviction, etc.
etc.

Version Fast version Discreet version

Main differences between FFT and DFT


1. FFT stands for fast Fourier transform, on the other hand, DFT stands for discrete
Fourier transform.
2. FFT is a much more efficient and faster version of the Fourier transform, while DFT
is a discrete version of the Fourier transform.
3. FFT is useful in sound engineering, seismology, etc., on the contrary, DFT is useful in
spectrum estimation, convolution, etc.
4. FFT is an implementation of DFT, while DFT establishes a relationship between the
time domain and the frequency domain representation.
5. DFT is a mathematical algorithm that transforms signals in the time domain into
frequency domain components, on the other hand, the FFT algorithm consists of
various calculation techniques, including DFT.

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