12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

PRINCIPLES
OF MARKETING
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Defining a Product and Differentiating
Product, Services, and Experiences

i NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
Principles of Marketing – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Defining a Product and Differentiating Product, Services, and
Experiences
Second Edition, 2021

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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of Marketing12_Module1_v2
of Marketing12_Module1_v2
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in
each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 I

This module was designed to provide with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at our own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The module discussed to define and differentiate the product, services and experiences
in business.
As students, understanding products, services, and experiences will help you value the
product or services and make purchases based on their perception of its ability to satisfy needs
and wants. Here, you will discover Product levels, classifications of products/Goods, services,
and experiences in helping you decide as consumers and to formulate strategies as marketers.
You will also learn that product experience is important for the growth and sustainability of
business and as consumers you can build trust. It covers many different learning situations
where you can relate your personal experiences on different practical scenarios about Principles
of Marketing.

Task 1: Let’s check your prior knowledge…

Identify the following words/group of words and write this symbol (✓) in the space
before each word if you think this is what an organization usually market. Write your answers
in your activity notebook.

_________ Goods
_________ Services
_________ Experiences
_________ Ideas
_________ Advocacies
_________ Personalities
_________ Product
_________ Plumbing
_________ Tangible Items
_________ Events
_________ Person
_________ Rewiring
_________ Motor vehicles
_________ Places
_________ Appliances

1 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
 ’s In

TASK 2: Relate me…

Direction: Relate the following situation and description. Then, Identify as Product, Service,
or Experience. Write only the number in its proper column.

Product Service Experience

1. Tangible item that is put on the market for acquisition, attention, or consumption
2. Any activity or benefit that one party can offer to another which is essentially intangible
item, which arises from the output of one or more individuals
3. Are countable, touchable, and visible, a consumer can assess its durability by examining
it.
4. Involves experiential aspects of consumption
5. An activity, benefit or satisfaction that is offered for sale
6. Represent what buying the product or service will do for the customer
7. Customer’s overall perception of your company, based on their interactions with it.
8. One of the customers have said that company X is known for its warm and friendly staff.
9. Anything that can be offered in a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption
that might satisfy a need or want.
10. A lawyer speaks for their clients in court.

’s New

I think you’re doing great of the activities given above. Congratulations!

2 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
TASK 3: Let’s choose to buy…

As consumers, we have different levels of need for a product. Now, I want you to
identify the different products found inside the box and answer the given questions below.

Picture this scene:

You walk into a store and carefully looking around to buy a mask to protect yourself
from the virus…

A B C D

https://tinyurl.com/y6uwhzfx

Let’s examine the product level as you perceive by your senses prior to purchase of the product.

Your Questions Your Explanation/statement

From letters A to D, Choose one (1)
product you want to buy. Start your
statement by saying
I want to buy…
Or
I’m looking for…
Or
I need…

Describe the benefit you can get that

can satisfy you when buying the
product that you chose?
Describe only those features
necessary for it to function?

3 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
 What are set of features that you as
customer expect when you buy the
product you are choosing?
What product variations, extra
features, or services that help
differentiate the product that you
chose?

is It

What do organizations market? As consumers, we are most familiar with the marketing
of goods and services. Other than these, marketing organizations also market experiences,
ideas, advocacies, and even personalities.

What is a Product?

Product is anything that can be offered in a market for attention, acquisition, use, or
consumption that might satisfy a need or want.

Includes:
 Physical object
 Services
 Events
 Person
 Places
 Organization
 Ideas

For Kotler, the definition of a product goes way beyond being a physical object or a
service. He defines a product as anything that can meet a need or a want. This means that even
a retail store or a customer service representative is considered a product.

Products or goods are physically tangible items. As such, they are generally perceivable
by the human senses and can therefore, be inspected prior to purchase.

Customers will choose a product based on their perceived value of it. The customer is
satisfied if the product’s actual value meets or exceeds their expectations. If the product’s actual
value falls below their expectations they will be dissatisfied.

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 Figure 1. Product levels.
Source: www.expertprogrammanagement.com

Let’s consider each of the levels in turn.

1. Core Benefit
➢ The core benefit is the fundamental need or want that the customer satisfies when they buy
the product.
For example, the core benefit of a hotel is to provide somewhere to rest or sleep when away
from home.

2. Generic Product

➢ The generic product is a basic version of the product made up of only those features
necessary for it to function.

In a hotel example, this could mean a bed, towels, a bathroom, a mirror, and a wardrobe.

3. Expected Product

➢ The expected product is the set of features that the customers expect when they buy the
product.

In a hotel example, this would include clean sheets, some clean towels, Wi-fi, and a clean
bathroom.

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1. Augmented Product

➢ The augmented product refers to any product variations, extra features, or services that
help differentiate the product from its competitors.

In a hotel example, this could be the inclusion of a concierge service or a free map of the
town in every room.

2. Potential Product

➢ The potential product includes all augmentations and transformations the product might
undergo in the future. In simple language, this means that to continue to surprise and
delight customers the product must be augmented.

In a hotel, this could mean a different gift placed in the room each time a customer stays.
For example, it could be some chocolates on one occasion, and some luxury water on another.
By continuing to augment its product in this way the hotel will continue to delight and surprise
the customer.

Product Classification

A product is anything offered for sale for the purpose of satisfying a want or need on
both side of the exchange process. Products are classified on two types on the basis of customer
characteristics.

Products that are marketed can be generally classified according to use, differentiation,
type, and durability.

Products/
Goods

According to According to
According to Use According to Type
Differentiation Durability

-Consumables -Convenience goods

- Consumer goods -Undifferentiated -Shopping goods
-Semi-Durables -Specialty goods
-Industrial goods -Differentiated
-Durables -Unsought goods

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 Figure 2: Classification of Products.

1. According to use: Consumer and Industrial Goods

Consumer goods are goods that are purchased for personal consumption and/or
household use.
Examples: Instant noodles, biscuits, milk, detergent soap, shampoo, and other similar
items

Industrial goods are purchased in order to make other goods, to serve as a raw material
or input in the production of other goods.
Examples: Aluminum (used to manufacture kitchen equipment and cans); electronic
cables and wires (serve as electrical conduits for home appliances)

It would not be possible to say, however, that a product is always a consumer good or
an industrial good. A good that is ordinarily a consumer good can also be used as an industrial
good, and vice-versa. For example, when a consumer buys sugar from the supermarket and
uses this sugar to sweeten his/her coffee, the sugar in this particular case is a consumer good.
However, if the sugar is added to flour, chocolate syrup, eggs, and walnuts to make brownies
and eventually sold, the sugar in this case is an industrial good.
In other words, physical characteristics alone cannot determine whether a product is a
consumer good or an industrial good. One should also consider how the product is ultimately
used.

2. According to Differentiation: Undifferentiated and Differentiated Goods

Undifferentiated goods are products whose physical characteristics are so identical,

that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish one purchased from one vendor or
another. Most undifferentiated goods are products that are sourced from nature.
Example: salt bought from the two different vendors’ looks, feels, and tastes identical.

Differentiated goods are varied in their characteristics and features that make them
distinguishable from one another.
Example: Car, the appearance and the features vary because of the ability of the
manufacturers to successfully distinguish their products from competitors which is called
branding.

3. According to durability: Consumable, Semi-Durable, and Durable Goods

Durability refers to the length of time a consumer can derive benefit from the product
or good purchased.

7 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
 Consumable is a product whose benefit can only be used by a consumer for a short
period of time, sometimes only a few minutes. Consumables a such as food, drinks

Semi-durables provide benefits to the consumer for a longer period of time, usually
spanning several months. Semi-durables are manufactured for long-term use by consumer.
Examples of semi-durables are clothes, shoes, belts, jackets, etc.

Durables are products that are manufactured to last a long time. They are capable of
providing consumers with years of beneficial use. Durables are usually expensive, and many,
therefore, require an augmented product to market them effectively. Examples of durable goods
are automobiles, houses, home appliances, customer electronics, furniture, sports equipment,
and toys.

4. According to Type: Convenience, Shopping, Specialty, and Unsought Goods

Convenience goods are products that are purchased frequently, usually inexpensive,
and do not require much purchase effort and evaluation. Examples are newspapers, gum, and
candy.
They key to the successful marketing of convenience goods is its availability in as many
retail outlets as possible, catering to consumer need where and when it arises.

Shopping goods are purchased less frequently than convenience goods, are relatively
more expensive, and require some amount of information search and evaluation prior to
purchase. Consumers of shopping goods consider features, evaluate attributes, and compare
prices. Examples of shopping goods are shoes, clothes, and handbags.
The successful marketing of shopping goods depends on intensive advertising, well-
trained salespersons, and positioning company products as superior alternatives to competitors’
products.

Specialty goods are goods that require an unusually large effort on the part of
consumers to acquire. Consumers are usually willing to travel great distances to where these
goods can be purchased. Examples are branded luxury merchandise, works of art, automobiles,
and homes.
The successful marketing of specialty goods requires the promotion of strong brand
image and identities.

Unsought goods are goods that consumers seldom actively look for, and are usually
purchased for extraordinary reasons, such as fear or adversity, rather than desire. Examples are
investments, memorial plans, and life insurance. These goods require advertising and
aggressive selling efforts and are usually marketed using highly-trained and persuasive
salespersons.

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What is Service?

Services are form of product that consist of activities, benefits, or satisfaction offered
for sale that are essentially intangible and do not result in the ownership of anything

Services are generally considered more difficult to market due to its four major attributes:

1. Intangibility
Physical products are tangible. As such, they can be inspected by consumers prior to
purchase. On the other hand, services are intangible. It would, therefore, not be possible to
“sample” a lawyer’s legal skills, or a doctor’s ability to handle a surgical operation before one
decides to retain a lawyer or a doctor. This is the first reason that makes the marketing of
services difficult.
How do marketers address the intangible attribute of services? Service marketers
commonly resort to the practice of making their services tangible. Although lawyers and
doctors cannot give their potential clients a preview of their service skills, they retail large
luxurious offices manned by smartly dressed staff. They maintain extensive and updated legal
and medical libraries that are readily visible to visitors. They also display diplomas,
certifications, and other documentary evidence of their training and expertise, and readily give
out professionally prepared business cards with Latin titles after their names. Moreover, they
are always professional in attire and conduct. These give their potential clients an impression
of their competence and capability to render the service required.

2. Variability
Because services are performed by human beings, no service provider can render the
same service in exactly the same way every single time. A college professor, when giving the
same lecture in two separate sessions, cannot use the exact words and gestures for both
sessions.

How do marketing organizations address the problem of service variability? The

problem can best be addressed by developing and implementing standard operating procedures
on how the service should be rendered. A fast-food counter clerk, for example, follows a script
in greeting customers, asking orders, reading and confirming the order, receiving payment, etc.
by following a procedure, incidences of variability are reduced.

3. Inseparability
Because services are rendered by people, the service provider must be present each and
every time the service is provided. Services are rendered and consumed simultaneously. As a
lawyer gives legal advice to a client, legal services are being “produced” and simultaneously
“consumed” by the client. This limits the ability to render the service to a large number of

9 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
people, as the service provider’s presence is always a necessary component in the rendering of
the service.
To maximize revenues, service companies institute a combination of standardized
systems and procedures, and service franchising.

4. Perishability
Unconsumed services cannot be stored or warehoused. When a 40-room boutique hotel
with a restaurant on its ground floor operates on a particular day, unconsumed or unused
ingredients for food production, unsold bottles of soda, or unused coffee beans can be stored,
available for use or sale the following day. However, if on the same day, only 32 of its 40
rooms are occupied by guests, the eight unsold, unoccupied rooms cannot be stored and added
to its 40-room availability the next day. The eight unsold, unoccupied rooms have “perished.”
they represent lost revenues for the day that can never be recovered. Similarly, the unsold seats
of a 250-seat commercial jet airliner flying from Manila to Los Angeles “perishes” as soon as
the plane takes off from the Ninoy Aquino International Airport.

How can marketers maximize revenues and avoid lost service Perishability? The key is
the implementation of a marketing strategy called capacity management, or achieving a
proper balance between service demand (customer needs) and service supply (service
availability). If service demand exceeds service supply, the excess demand cannot be
accommodated by supply; potential revenues are lost. On the other hand, if service supply
exceeds service demand, the excess supply “perishes” and represents unrecoverable revenues.
Capacity management can be implemented in various ways. The airline industry, for
example, uses algorithms that monitor and change ticket prices for various destinations
depending on the time and date of ticket booking, and availability of seats. This results in
frequent price movements. Depending on supply and demand, ticket prices for some
destinations change in a matter of seconds. In traditional capacity management, international
long-distance carriers have been known to offer substantial discounts when are made at odd
hours (usually late nights to early morning). this is to relieve demand during peak hours.
Concert ticket prices vary by location in order to maximize the venue’s seating capacity,
thereby reducing the entertainment service’s “Perishability”. Some restaurants also offer
discounted rates for patrons dining during low-capacity hours of the day.
What is Experience?

A product which involves experiential aspects of consumption rather than utilitarian

ones. This type of product allows consumers to engage in fantasies, feelings and fun and often
carries subjective meanings and characteristics (Hirschman and Holbrook, 1982).

Represent what buying the product or service will do for the customer

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Product Experience

Product experience is the overall value of a product or service to customers. This is

defined in terms of customer perceptions as they use the product or service in a variety
of contexts. Product experience is a component of customer experience, a broader concept that
includes all interactions between your firm and the customer. Product experience is mainly
achieved through design and quality control.

Customer experience

Customer experience is the impression your customers have of your brand as a whole
throughout all aspects of the buyer's journey. It results in their view of your brand and impacts
factors related to your bottom-line including revenue.

The two primary touch points that create the customer experience are people and
product.

Are you blown away by the performance of the product? Are you delighted by the
attention a customer support rep gives you to help solve your problem? These are some general
examples of what factors are at play when creating a great customer experience.

Importance of Customer Experience

A remarkable customer experience is critical to the sustained growth of any business.

A positive customer experience promotes loyalty, helps you retain customers, and encourages
brand advocacy.

Today, customers have the power, not the sellers.

Who gave them this power? Us — with help from the worldwide web.

Customers have a plethora of options to choose from at their fingertips plus the
resources necessary to educate themselves and make purchases on their own.

This is why it's so important to provide a remarkable experience and make them want
to continue doing business with you — customers are your best resource for growing your
brand awareness.

’s More

Task 4: Let’s check your understanding…

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Directions. Read the statement inside the vertical scroll. Answer what is asked in each item.
Accomplish this in your activity notebook.

In our community even in our home we can witness different events in different
sizes like local or community events, major events, hallmark events to celebrate
because of the following purposes:
 To celebrate important happenings in our lives
 To position, brand or build the image of a person, organization or country,
 To relax, to entertain
 To mark the local and domestic details of our lives

Now, answer the following questions:

A.
1. Are events a product? Why or why not?
2. Are events a service? Why or why not?
3. Are events an experience? Why or why not?
4. How important products and services in your lives?
5. How important products and services in an organization or business?

B.
1. How can you distinguish product, service and experience?
2. In what way services generally considered more difficult to market? Cite one (1) reason or
attribute and explain how marketers address the problems.
3. As a consumer, do you consider product classification to satisfy your needs and wants? In
what way?
4. As marketers, how important customer’s experience for the sustainability of the business?
5. How important experiences both consumer and in market organization?

Rubrics:
4-5 points Response to the question is well organized and clearly written; there
is evidence of planning before writing.
2-3 points Does not address the question clearly.
0-1 point Does not address the problem.

12 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
 I Have Learned

Task 5: Let’s reflect and realize…

Direction: In your notebook, complete the following statements.

1. I have learned that

__________________________________________________________________

2. I have realized that

__________________________________________________________________

3. I will apply what I have learned

__________________________________________________________________

I Can Do

Task 6: Let’s create and design…

Direction: Do what is instructed below. Write your answers in your notebook.

One of the goals of business is to cater the needs and wants of the customers and make
them satisfied of the goods & services that a business provides in order for them to share
their experiences for the growth and sustainability of the business operation.

Now, I want you to create your own product or services that best suits to the needs of
our present situation which we are in the midst of the global pandemic.

Requirement:
Create your own product using the Five (5) Product Levels by Kotler. Use the table below:
Product levels Question Answer
Product or services you Draw the product you want Drawing here:
can create and offer to to offer
your customers

13 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
 Core benefit of
the State the fundamental
product benefit that you can offer to
satisfy them
Generic product State the basic version of the
product the features
necessary for it to function
Expected product State the product set of
features that the customers
expect when they buy the
product
Augmented product State product variations,
extra features or services that
help differentiate the product
from its competitors or what
made your product unique.

Activity Rubrics
Description: This rubric is designed to evaluate the student’s ability to create their own
products which requires them to be creative, innovative, and to incorporate their knowledge
about product attributes and its features which is discussed in the lesson.

Criteria Very Good Good Fair Poor

4 3 2 1
Marketability Is visually very Looks good, Looks good but Looks sloppy,
appealing to appealing to not appealing to not appealing
customers customers customers to customers
Innovativeness/ Very original, Original ideas, Shows some Does not
Creativity shows adequate use of originality, exhibit efforts
-Originality imaginative use resources inadequate use to be original
of resources of resources
Benefits to Very useful, Useful, practical Useful and safe Useful but not
one’s health practical and and safe in using in using the safe and
and the safe in using the the product to product but not practical in
environment product to health and the practical for the using the
- usability health and the environment health and the product for
- practicality environment environment the
environment
-safety in using
the product
Product Very satisfying , Satisfying, Satisfying, but Not satisfying
-features statement of statement of the statement of and
-variations product features product features product features convincing
and benefits and benefits and benefits not the statement
-extra features
very convincing convincing convincing of product
-benefits features &
their benefits
https://tinyurl.com/yphb3jmw

14 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
Task 7: Let’s check it out…

Triple-Table Matching Type: Match the Products, services, and experiences according to
definition and characteristics & their examples. Write the proper combination in your activity
notebook.

Example : Based on the type of product, services and experience provided in the column 1,
which is “Differentiated goods”, match its characteristics and examples in column 2 and 3.

1 2 3
Products, Definition & characteristics Examples
Services,
Experiences
A1. O2 A3.

1. Differentiated Varied characteristics and features to White car (SUV) with

goods distinguish products from the other different brands
competitors

Answer:
1. A1, O2, A3

You may start now!

1 2 3
Products, Definition & characteristics Examples
Services,
Experiences
A1. A2. A3.
Differentiated Are products that are manufactured to White car (SUV) with
1. goods last a long time. They are capable of different brands
providing consumers with years of
beneficial use
B1. B2. B3.
Industrial Provide benefits to the consumer for a Cowhide to produce
2.
longer period of time, usually spanning leather shoes
several months
C1. C2. C3.
3. Consumer Goods that require an unusually large Rice, milk, shampoo,
good effort on the part of consumers to detergent soap

15 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
 acquire. Consumers willing to travel
great distances to where these goods can
be purchased
D1. D2. D3.
Undifferentiat Products purchased frequently, are Rock salt
4.
ed goods usually inexpensive, and do not require
much purchase effort and evaluation
E1. E2. E3.
Experience Goods that consumers seldom actively Repeat Customer/
5.
look for and are usually purchased for loyal customer
extraordinary reasons
F1. F2. F3.
Product Consumers consider features, evaluate Tangible &
6. attributes, and compare prices and Intangible products &
purchased less frequently than services
convenience goods
G1. G2. G3.
Variability A service that essentially intangible and Sausages in can don’t
7. do not result in the ownership of have the same
anything quantity of sausages
inside
H1. H2. H3.
8. Consumable Product whose benefit can only be used Non-edible items
by a consumer for a short period of time such as toiletries
I1. I2 I3.
Pure service a service performed by human beings; Catering services
9.
no service provider can render exactly
the same service every single time
J1 J2 J3
10. Shopping Anything that can meet a need or a Shoes, clothes
goods want.
K1 K2 K3
11. Unsought Represent what buying the product or Memorial plan, life
goods service will do for the customer insurance
L1 L2 L3
Convenience Physical characteristics are identical that Candies, newspapers
12.
goods is why difficult to distinguish. Products
that are sourced from nature
M1 M2 M3
13. Specialty Purchased for personal consumption Branded luxury
and/or for household use merchandise
N1 N2 N3
14. Semi-durables Raw material purchased in order to Semi-durables like
make other goods belts, jackets, etc.
O1 O2 O3
Durables Varied characteristics and features to Durable goods like
15.
distinguish products from the other automobiles, houses,
competitors home appliances

16 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
Task 8: Let’s go beyond…

Directions. Examine your personal experiences and analyze by answering what is given below.
Write your answers in your activity notebook.

Using either the product, service, & experience, analyze an event you recently attended or
remembered. Justify why you believe it is either a product, service, or experience by
identifying the key characteristics

Criteria for scoring:

Excellent Proficient Developing Poor

(4) (3) (2) (1)
Information and evidence are
accurate, appropriate, and
integrated effectively
Claims and ideas are supported
and elaborated
Sentence form and word choice
are varied and appropriate
Creativity/originality is evident

17 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
18 NegOr_Q4_Principles of Marketing12_Module1_v2
Assessment
1. A1, O2, A3
2. B1, N2, B3
3. C1, M2, C3
4. D1, L2, D3
5. E1, K2, E3
6. F1, J2, F3
7. G1, I2, G3
8. H1, H2, H3
9. I1, G2, I3
10. J1, F2, J3
11. K1, E2, K3
12. L1, D2, L3
13. M1, C2, M3
14. N1, B2, N3
15. O1, A2, O3
What I have learned What can I do Additional Activities
Answers my vary Answers may vary (with rubrics) Answers may vary
What’s In What’s In (Task 2) What I Know (Task 1)
(/)Goods
Answers may vary P S E (/)Services
1 2 4 (/)experiences
3 5 6 (/)Ideas
What’s more 9 10 7 (/)Advocacies
A. 8 (/)Personalities
Questions 1to3 (yes) reason: (/)Product
Answers may vary (/)Plumbing
B. (/)Tangible Items
Answers may vary (/)Events
(with rubrics) (/)Person
(/)Rewiring
(/)Motor vehicles
(/)Places
(/)Appliances
Glossary

Product - is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need.

Service - form of product that consist of activities, benefits, or satisfaction offered for sale that
are essentially intangible and do not result in the ownership of anything.

Experience - is a strategy that uses in-person events to promote products.

Organization - any system, body or group of people working together to achieve common
goals and objectives of the business.

Consumer- people or organizations that purchase products or services

Marketer -responsible for developing and executing strategies to promote brands, products
and services, maximizing profits for the company.

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 References

Books

So, R.C., & Torres, O.R. (2016). Principles of Marketing. Gregorio Araneta Avenue, Quezon
City: Vibal Group Inc.

Online Sources

Anonymous (n.d.) Five Products level (Kotler). Publisher EPM. Retrieved from:
https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2017/10/five-product-levels/. [Accessed on
March 11, 2021]

Bordeaux, J. (2020). What is customer experience (why its so important). Retrieved from:
https://blog.hubspot.com/service/what-is-customer-experience. [Accessed on March
11, 2021]

Calderon, C. (2014). Product, Services, and Branding. Retrieved from:

https://www.slideshare.net/ghyj/principles-of-marketing-chapter-7-title-title-
productservices-and-branding-
strategy?fbclid=IwAROWoNYjWWiKzVndee5FDwKHUpxqRq6Arxanxx!nS.
[Accessed on March 10, 2021]

Ferdinand, N. (2012). Events-Product, service, experience. Retrieved from:

https://www.slideshare.net/NicoleFerdinand/events-product-service-
experience?fbclid=IwAR2BoqBjYcndARLb6SX8bmhBKE56EO6pFqslQZyDcqD7g
yi7YnaI. [Accessed March 02, 2021]s C
ustomer Experience? (An
n.d. Accessed December 16, 2021.
https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fcourses.helsink
i.fi%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcourse-
material%2F4506389%2Fkotler_pom17e_ppt_08.pptx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK.

Spacey, J. (2017). 30 types of product experience. Retrieved from:

https://simplicable.com/new/product-experience. [Accessed on March 11, 2011]

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