SIX IMPORTANT POINTS IN CONSTRUCTING SENTENCE IN

ENGLISH

Lecturer : H.Iskandar Zulkarnain, S.Pd., M.Hum

Name: Fadillah Erlangga

NPM : 2206020013

INDONESIAN EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

AL WASHLIYAH UNIVERSITY MEDAN

2022/2023

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 PREFACE

First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished
writing the paper entitled “SIX IMPORTANT POINTS IN CONSTRUCTING
SENTENCE IN ENGLISH” right in the calculated time.

The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mr.
H. Iskandar Zulkarnain, S.Pd. M.Hum.

The writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process of writing
this paper. hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you all.the writer realized tha this
paper still imperfect in arrangment and the content. then the writer hope the criticism
from the readers can help the writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least
Hopefully, this paper can helps the readers to gain more knowledge about samantics
major.

Another

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE ....................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTEN ................................................................................................... ii

CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................1

A. Background of The Paper .......................................................................................... 1

B. The Purposes of The Paper ........................................................................................ 1

CHAPTER II .................................................................................................................. 2

THEORY AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................................2

A. Parts of Speech .......................................................................................................... 2

B. Pronouns .................................................................................................................... 7

C. Preposition ................................................................................................................. 7

D. Tenses ........................................................................................................................ 8

E. Conjunctions .............................................................................................................10

F. Article ...................................................................................................................... 11

CAHPTER III ................................................................................................................12

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 12

A. Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 12

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Paper

English is a very structured language. In English grammar, sentence structure is the

arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. The grammatical function or
meaning of a sentence is dependent on this structural organization, which is also called
syntax or syntactic structure.

In traditional grammar, the four basic types of sentence structures are the simple
sentence, the compound sentence, the complex sentence, and the compound-complex
sentence.

The most common word order in English sentences is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO).

When reading a sentence, we generally expect the first noun to be the subject and the
second noun to be the object. This expectation (which isn't always fulfilled) is known
in linguistics as the "canonical sentence strategy."

B. Purpose of The Paper

1. Knowing what is Parts of speech
2. Knowing what is Pronouns
3. Knowinng what is Preposition
4. Knowing what is Tenses
5. Knowing what is Conjunction
6. Knowing what is Articles

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 CHAPTER II

THEORY AND DISCUSSION

A. Part of Speech

1. Verb

The verb is king in English. Verbs are sometimes described as "action words".
This is partly true. Many verbs give the idea of action, of "doing" something. For
example, words like run, fight, do and work all convey action.

A verb always has a subject. (In the sentence "John speaks English", John is the
subject and speaks is the verb.) In simple terms, therefore, we can say that verbs are
words that tell us what a subject does or is; they describe:
• action (Angga plays game.)
• state (Fahri seems kind.)

There is something very special about verbs in English. Most other words
(adjectives, adverbs, prepositions etc) do not change in form (although nouns can have
singular and plural forms). But almost all verbs change in form. For example, the verb
to watch has five forms:
• to watch, watch, watches, watched, watching

2. Noun

A noun is a word that names something, such as a person, place, thing, or idea.
In a sentence, nouns can play the role of subject, direct object, indirect object, subject
complement, object complement, appositive, or adjective.

Example noun such us:

√Uncountable / Mass (tidak dapat dihitung) = Love, Sand, Happiness

√Common (Sesuatu yang umum) = Country, City, Month

√Proper (Sesuatu yang spesifik) = Switzerland, Jakarta, January

√Concrete (Sesuatu yang berwujud nyata) = Bag, Cake, Building

√Abstract (Menyatakan ide, konsep, keadaan, dan hal abstrak lainnya) = Friendship,
Time, Imagination

√Collective (Merujuk ke sekelompok orang, hewan, atau benda) = Deer, Family,

Government

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3. Adjectives

An adjective is one of the nine parts of speech. An adjective is a word that tells
us more about a noun. It "describes" or "modifies" a noun (The big dog was hungry). In
these examples, the adjective is in bold and the noun that it modifies is in italics.

An adjective often comes BEFORE a noun:

√a green car

√an interesting story

And sometimes an adjective comes AFTER a verb:

√The sky became dark.

But adjectives can also modify pronouns (She is beautiful). Look at these
examples:

√They were empty.

4. Interjection (kata seru)

Jenis kata yang satu ini biasanya digunakan untuk mengungkapkan emosi.

Example: Oops, Whoa, Oh no,wow,yuck!

5. Pronouns

Pronouns are short words and can do everything that nouns can do and are one
of the building blocks of a sentence. Common pronouns are he, she, you, me, I, we, us,
this, them, that. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of
the preposition, and more and takes the place of any person, place, animal or thing. So
coffee becomes it, Barbara becomes she, Jeremy becomes he, the team becomes they,
and in a sentence, Barbara drinks a cup of coffee every afternoon could become she
drinks a cup of it every afternoon, or even she drinks it every afternoon, where the it
would substitute the cup of coffee, not just the coffee.

Without pronouns, we’d constantly have to repeat nouns, and that would make
our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Without pronouns,
Barbara drinks a cup of coffee every afternoon, she likes to have it before dinner would
be Barbara drinks a cup of coffee every afternoon, Barbara likes to have the cup of
coffee before dinner. Using pronouns helps the flow of sentences and makes them more
interesting.

Example:

√He

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√It

√You

√I

√They

√We

√Who,etc.

6. SVO (Subject, Verb (predicate) & Object)

A. Subject:

The subject indicates the person or thing that performs the action. It goes at the
beginning of the sentence before the predicate (verb), and it can be expressed by a
pronoun, noun, or phrase.

Let's take a look at some basic English phrases:

√I go to school.

√We will have noodle for dinner.

Verb (predicate)

A predicate is a key part of constructing sentences in English because it shows

the action occurred, is happening, or will happen.

There can be two verbs in the predicate, the main and auxiliary verb. An
auxiliary (helping) verb is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the
sentence and, most frequently, is used to express tense.

For example:

I am cooking. - Here, the predicate is "am cooking," with "cook" as the main verb and
"am" as the auxiliary verb in conjunction with "-ing" form to indicate the present
continuous tense.

B. Pronouns

Pronouns are words that replace nouns. I, you, he, she, it, we, and they are all
examples of common pronouns. In the example sentences below, the pronouns are
highlighted, and the nouns they replace are in bold.

Sarah is my sister. She is also my best friend.

(The pronoun "she" replaces the noun "Sarah.")

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If Martians exist, they are not "little green men" but tiny microbes.

(Here, the pronoun "they" replaces the noun "Martians.")

Snow is precipitation in the form of ice crystals. It originates in clouds when

temperatures are below the freezing point.

(Here, the pronoun "it" replaces the noun "snow.")

Jack met Jill in Boston. He first saw her in a Chinese restaurant.

(In this example, the pronoun "he" replaces the noun "Jack," and the pronoun "her"
replaces the noun "Jill.")

Visitors descend on New York's Central Park. They swarm across it like locusts.

(Here, the pronoun "they" replaces the noun "visitors," and the pronoun "it" replaces
the noun phrase "New York's Central Park.")

C. Prepositions

Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in
front of nouns. In some cases, you’ll find prepositions in front of gerund verbs.

Prepositions of Time

Basic examples of time prepositions include: at, on, in, before and after. They
are used to help indicate when something happened, happens or will happen. It can get
a little confusing though, as many different prepositions can be used.

Prepositions of time examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy
identification.

For example:

√I was born in 1982.

√I was born at exactly 2am.

Prepositions of Place

Prepositions of place examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy
identification.

√The dogs are in the kennel.

√We can meet at the crossroads.

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OF Preposition

Used for saying which specific thing belonging to a more general type you are
referring to

√I had a feeling of duty towards him.

√She seemed to like the idea of having children.

D. Tenses

•Present tense

The present tense is a verb tense that describes a current activity or state of
being. For example:

My parrot sings "The Sun Has Got Its Hat On" every morning.

(This is a current activity.)

I am happy.

•Past Tense

The past tense is a verb tense used for a past activity or a past state of being.
For example:

I jumped in the lake.

(This is a past activity.)

I was happy.

(This is a past state of being.)

•Future Tense

The future tense is a verb tense used for a future activity or a future state of
being. For example:

I will swim in the sea

(This is a future activity.)

I will be happy.

(This is a future state of being.)

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E.Conjunctions

A conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect words, phrases,

clauses, or sentences.

Types of Conjunctions

There are several different types of conjunctions that do various jobs within
sentence structures. These include:

√Subordinating conjunctions.

√Coordinating conjunction

√Correlative conjunction

√Conjunctive adverbs

Examples:

√I can't sing beautifully however how much I try

√I will buy a new house when I get the lottery

H. Articles (a/an)

Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective.
The definite article (the) is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun
is known to the reader. The indefinite article (a, an) is used before a noun that is
general or when its identity is not known. There are certain situations in which a noun
takes no article.

√Definite article the (before a singular or plural noun)

√Indefinite articlea (before a singular noun beginning with a consonant sound)an

(before a singular noun beginning with a vowel sound)

"A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a
group. For example:

√"My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas." This refers to any dog. We don't
know which dog because we haven't found the dog yet.

√"Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any policeman. We don't need a specific
policeman; we need any policeman who is available.

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 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

In English, putting sentences together entails more than just grouping words
together to make them appear connected. but must comply with the rules that have
been enforced. Every sentence that states something must be in accordance with the
rules. For instance, if you want to express a habit, use the present tense; if you want to
describe something that happened in the past, use the past tense; and if you want to
express a wish or a plan, use the future tense. 

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