ARITHMATIC OPERATIONS IN 8085 MICROPROCESSOR B.RAMA PRABHA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, K.C.S.KASI NADAR COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE, CHENNAI-21 aa ;ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS The 8085 microprocessor performs various arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, increment and decrement operations. These arithmetic operations ha’ following mnemonics. ¥ * ADD - Add (Add the content of a register) q “> ADI-Add Immediate (Add 8 bit data) ** SUB — Subtract (Subtract the content of a register) “+ SUI — Subtract Immediate (subtract 8 bit data) “> INR — Increment (Increase the content of register by 1) * DCR — Decrement(Decrease the content of register by 1)Addition in 8085 * Any 8-bit value, or the contents of any register, or even the contents memory location pointed by HL pair, can be summed up with the contents of the accumulator register. ** The added value, i.e., the result is then stored in the accumulator registe itself. * This function cannot be be used for two other registers together — the addition has to be performed with the accumulator being one of the addends. “> Thus, for example, the contents of, say, register C cannot be summed up directly to the contents of register B.ADD Add register to the fi accumulator ADD Add contents from the a location pointed by the HL pair (M) to the contents of the accumulator This is a 1 byte instruction, As discussed earlier, the contents of any register or memory location are added to the contents of the accumulator register. The corresponding sum is then saved in the accumulator. If the second addend is a memory, its address is specified by the H-L pair, All flags linked with the addition are updated with the result of the addition performed. DD BADC(ADD WITH CARRY) Add register to the fi accumulator with cary ADC ‘Add the content of the a location pointed by the value in the HL pair (M) to the accumulator with carry. This i The only difference between the ADD and the ADC operations is that the ADC condition considers the carry value as well. Thus, the Carry flag plays an important role and becomes the third addend.. a | byte instruction.ADI(ADD IMMEDIATE WITH DATA) Add immediate value to the ADI &-bit immediate data accumulator [Al < [A] + data This is a 2 byte instruction. The contents of the accumulator register are added with immediate 8-bit data using the ADT instruction. The sum is thus stored in the accumulator. All flags are correspondingly modified..DAD(ADD 16 BIT DATA) ‘Add contents of register pair to contents of H-L pair. The result is stored in the H-L pair. DAD Register pair This is a 2 byte instruction. The 16-bit contents of any 8085 register pair are added to the contents of the H-L register pair. The result is also stored in the H-L pair. The carry flag is also updated with the result of the addition operation. No other flag bits are affected.Subtraction in 8085 Any 8-bit value, or the contents of any register, or even the contents of memory location can be subtracted from the contents of the accumulat« register. The difference of this operation is stored in the accumulator. The subtraction is performed in 2’s complement form. (You can revisit the concept of 2’s complement over here.) Also, if the result of the subtraction is negative, it is stored in its 2’s complement form. Similar to the addition operation, no two 8-bit registers can be subtracted directly, unless it is subtracted from the accumulator.SUB(SUBTRACT TO THE REGISTER) R Subtract register from the accumulator SUB Subtract contents of the M location pointed by HL pair (M) from the accumulator This is a | byte instruction. The contents of any register or memory location are subtracted from the contents of the accumulator register. The corresponding difference is then saved in the accumulator register If the operand is a memory, its address is specified by the H-L pair. All flags linked with the subtraction operation are updated with the result of the operation performed. ple: SUBBSBB(SUBTRACT TO THE REGISTER WITH BORROW) Subtract register from the R accumulator with borrow considered SBB Subtract the contents of the location pointed by the HL pair (M) from the accumulator with borrow considered This is a 1 byte instruction. The contents of any register or memory location AND the borrow value (the CY flag in this case) are subtracted from the contents of the accumulator register. The corresponding difference aved in the accumulator register. If the operand is a memory, its address is specified by the H-L pair.SUI(SUBTRACT IMMEDIATE WITH DATA) Meer Ske ecu) Dee This is a 2 byte instruction. The contents of the accumulator register are subtracted with immediate 8-bit data usin; SUI instruction. The answer is thus stored in the accumulator. All flags are correspondit modified to reflect the difference Example : SUI 04HSBI(SUBTRACT IMMEDIATE WITH BORROW) Subtract an immediate value SBI 8-bit immediate data from the accumulator with Borrow considered This is a2 byte instruction. The contents of the accumulator register are subtracted with immediate 8-bit data AND the borrow value (specified by the CY flag) using the SBI instruction. The answer is thus stored in the accumulator. All flags are correspondingly modified to reflect the difference.SBI(SUBTRACT IMMEDIATE WITH BORROW) Subtract an immediate value SBI 8-bit immediate data from the accumulator with Borrow considered This is a2 byte instruction. The contents of the accumulator register are subtracted with immediate 8-bit data AND the borrow value (specified by the CY flag) using the SBI instruction. The answer is thus stored in the accumulator. All flags are correspondingly modified to reflect the difference.Increment or Decrement in 8085 Every register or memory location holds contents of size 8-bits. contents can be incremented and/or decremented by a value of 1. If we consider register pairs, then the 16-bit contents can also be incremented or decremented by a value of 1.INR(INCREMENT BY 1) Increment Register contents by one INR Increment the content at the M memory location pointed by the HL pair by one This is a 1 byte instruction. The INR command is used to increment/increase the contents of a register or of the data at the location pointed by HL pair(M) by one. The result is stored in the same location itself, In the case of the operand being M, the value at the memory location given by the HL pair is incremented by one. The value in the HL register pair does not change.INX(INCREMENT REGISTER PAIR BY - Ue od The Operand De "This is a | byte instruction. "The INX instruction increments the contents of a register-pair by the value of one. The is stored in the same place itself. Example : INX HDCR(DECREMENT BY 1) Decrement Register contents by one DCR Decrement the content at the M memory location pointed by the HL pair by one This is a 1 byte instruction. The DCR command is used to decrement/decrease the contents of a register or of a memory location by the value of one. The result after this operation is stored in the same location itself. If the operand happens to be a memory location, its address is then specified by the contents of the H-L pair.DCX(DECREMENT REGISTER PAIR BY ke ed Mee eli) De al This is a | byte instruction. The DCX instruction decrements the contents of the register-pair by the value of one. result is stored in the same place itself. Example : DCX H é