Higher National Diploma in

International Travel and Tourism

Number and Title Unit 5 Leadership and Management for Service

Unit Tutor  Ms. Hunter

Assignment Title LO 1. Review classical management theories and

Submission Date  Spring 2021

IV Name & Date 

Sign Here: Declaration Of Own Work  S. Howell

P1 Assess different classical management theories and apply these in a

P2 Explain the role of the leader and different leadership styles in a service sector
industry context…………………………………………………………….…………………........4-5

P3 Review the management and leadership styles in a specific service sector

References………………………………………………………………………………………….8-9

Plagiarism Reports……………………………………………………………………..………….10-12

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 LO 1. Review classical management theories and leadership styles

P1 Assess different classical management theories and apply these in a

Introduction
The aim of this research is to assess different classical management theories and apply these in
a service industry context. The classical management theories refer to the belief that workers
solely have physical and financial necessities. It is not responsible for social needs nor job
responsibility, but instead advocates for the specialization of labor, centralized leadership and
decision-making, and profit maximization (The Classical Management Theory, 2019). These
theories are used by organizations in different situations, so Ryde South Florida can apply them
in different contexts which helps them with being more efficient in leadership and management.

Research Findings
Below are some assessments on the different classical management theories being applied in a
service industry context:
1. The Classical Management Theory (2019) explains the concept of an ideal workplace,
the flaws in the model, as well as its strengths.
2. The Scientific Management theory is an application of Frederick Tayor’s theory
(Taylorism) to the workplace to improve productivity (Indeed.com, 2020).
3. M (2019) stated that the Bureaucratic Management Theory is a classical management
theory developed by Max Weber to lead an organization efficiently.
4. Bragg (2020) claimed that the Administrative Management Theory was developed by
Henri Fayol to be used by managers to oversee the internal activities of organizations.
5. Johnson (2018) maintained that the Behavioural Management Theory is a Neoclassical
theory used to better understand employees.
6. Rodriguez (2010) explained that the Contingency Management Theory is a Neoclassical
Theory which is the best in leading any organization.

Discussion of Findings
The concepts of an ideal workplace include its (i) Hierarchical Structure - this theory divides
workplaces into different layers of management, at the top are the owners are responsible for
setting long-term objectives for the business then the middle management manages supervisors
while verifying that these set objectives can fit within the manager’s budget, and then the
supervisors are last the persons in this structure who runs the daily operations and provide
training to new employees while checking the performance of the current. (ii) Specialization -
this theory ensures that each task is broken down into smaller and easier to accomplish tasks
and helps employees to understand their role better, and (iii) Incentives - This theory proposes
that employees are more motivated to get the job done with financial rewards.
Strengths of the model: ​It provides a clear management structure, divides tasks to increase
productivity, and employees’ roles and responsibilities are clear, however, the ​Flaws i​ nclude
overlooking employee creativity and almost treating employees like machines (The Classical

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Management Theory, 2019). In 1911, Frederick Taylor published the four main principles of the
Scientific Management Theory which can be summarized as (i) practicing scientific methods to
determine the best way of completing tasks, (ii) an even division of work tasks and job roles, (iii)
higher income for high-performing employees, and (iv) a hierarchy of authority with strict
surveillance of employees. By using these four principles Ryde can implement better authority in
their organization to oversee their operations and ensure they are on the right path and the HR
manager of Ryde can host briefings where they divide tasks evenly among workers and find the
best way to them as well as to motivate them with financial rewards to increase productivity
scientifically (Indeed.com, 2020). M (2019) stated that the Bureaucratic Management Theory
focuses on having a clear line of authority and clear methods and rules to execute business
operations. This theory will help Ryde to make use of their employees’ skills and competencies
in meeting their set goals and ensure that the managers receive sufficient rules, methods and
procedures to carry out day to day operations. The principles of this theory include chain of
command, division of workload, formal rules and regulations, career orientation and
impersonality. Ryde’s advantages of applying this theory are fair-judgement towards employees
and recruiting employees based on their skills ensuring they are right for the job. Bragg (2020)
claimed that Administrative Theory has 5 layers of management which are planning, organizing,
commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He also specified 14 principles that organizations
such as Ryde can apply in their organization to improve efficiency and these are division of
work, discipline, unity of command, authority, etc. This theory can assist Ryde in implementing
the whole managerial body with these principles and witness its effectiveness in the daily
operations in the organization. Johnson (2018) maintained that the Behavioral Theory focuses
on treating their employees as important assets to achieve goals and objectives rather than
setting tasks then demanding that they are completed. When Ryde implements this theory it
helps them to provide the right environment for employees which makes them motivated to
execute their responsibilities, so in contrast to the classical management theories this theory
does not use financial incentives. Rodriguez (2010) explained that the Contingency theory
proposes that there is no one best way to lead an organization and that the leader must find a
suitable method to achieve business goals. Ryde can apply the Contingency Theory to
distinguish the internal (employees, owners, customers) and external (political, economical,
social, technological) factors which influence the organizational structure.

Conclusion
To conclude, this essay aimed to assess different classical management theories and apply
these in a service industry context. The service industry used was Ryde South Florida, a travel
agency in South Florida. The Classical Management Theories explained are the Scientific,
Administrative and the Bureaucratic Theories and the Neoclassical Management Theories are
Behavioural and Contingency management theories.

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P2 Explain the role of the leader and different leadership styles in a service sector
industry context

Introduction
The aim of this research essay is to explain the role of the leader and different leadership styles
in a service sector industry context. Morgan (2020) stated that a leader is defined as someone
who sees how something can be improved and pushes others to move towards that better
vision, while a manager is a role in the hierarchy of an organization, also a manager is the
communication medium between the executive team and the employees working below them
who work together to meet specific objectives (Indeed.com, 2020). Cherry (2020) maintained
that a leadership style is a leader’s characteristic behaviour when directing, guiding and
managing a group of individuals.

Research Findings
Below are some perspectives on the role of the leader and different leadership styles in a
service sector industry context:
1. Hodges (2018) maintained that the role of a leader is to provide individuals with clear
direction.
2. Reh (2020) stated that a manager plays an administrative and leadership role in shaping
the culture of their team and the organization.
3. Arruda (2016) explained that the difference between a manager and a leader is
managers direct while leaders coach.
4. Zaleznik (2004) claimed that the difference between a manager and a leader lies within
the conception they both hold.
5. Cherry (2020) maintained that Kurt Lewin’s different types of leadership styles are
Authoritarian, Participative and Delegative Leadership.
6. Barina (2016) states the pros and cons of Kurt Lewin’s different leadership styles in
Ryde South Florida.

Discussion of Findings
Hodges (2018) maintained that a leader should ensure that all of their followers understand,
uphold, and move towards the achievement of strategic objectives and share and celebrate the
progress of meeting these goals, setting new targets and providing necessary resources. The
manager’s role, in contrast, (Reh, 2020) includes hiring and training new staff, coaching existing
employees, monitoring performance, expense and budget, as well as, planning and setting
goals for the future. Arruda (20160 explained that a leader understands that their people are
competent in finding answers and so they don’t tell them how to do their job but the manager,
on the other hand, assigns tasks to employees then tells them how they want it to be executed.
Zaleznik (2004) claimed that a manager embraces certain processes, tries to quickly resolve
issues, and seek stability while a leader tolerates lack of structure and chaos and also doesn’t
mind waiting for closure in order to fully understand the issue at hand. It is important to note that
Ryde South Florida needs both a manager and leader to succeed their goals and objectives in
being one of the top travel companies but this requires a decreased focus on logic and strategic

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exercises all for an organization where creativity will flourish. Cherry (2020) maintained that the
Authoritarian style is sometimes called the Autocratic, this is where leaders understand goals,
deadlines, and methods while making decisions on their own with little or no consultation with
others. The Participative style is sometimes called the Democratic and this leadership
expresses his or her priorities and values in setting goals and making decisions but also takes
part in the group to work on existing advice and suggestions from colleagues. Lastly, the
Delegative style is sometimes called the Laissez-Faire style. This leadership provides no
guidance to team members on how tasks should be executed and leaves decision-making to
the team. Barina (2016) states that Ryde can implement Participative leadership as it would
drive creativity and productivity during team collaborations but this collaboration can also take
up time and not allow persons who are not in agreement a chance to speak. The advantage
Ryde has using the Delegative leadership is that it leaves decision-making to persons who are
at the top of their hierarchy so that they are responsible for their failures or achievements and
the disadvantage is that if employees lack certain skills and competencies Ryde will suffer. The
Authoritarian leadership which is the best style for Ryde also has its faults. This style will allow
Ryde to meet its important deadlines on time but this style can discourage team creativity.

Conclusion
This paper focused on explaining the role of the leader and different leadership styles in a
service sector industry context. The case study used was Ryde South Florida and this paper
explained the definition and difference of leaders and managers, and it also showed how they
are both similar in traits as well as the different leadership styles and what would happen if they
are implemented at Ryde.

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P3 Review the management and leadership styles in a specific service sector
organisation

Introduction
The aim

ii. Who is more prepared to drive performance in the 21st Century travel and tourism
organization - managers or leaders? Examine and explain the roles and responsibilities
of managers and leaders in this technology age.

As one of the ‘world-class’ leadership development consultants working for Ryde South Florida,
I will be creating a tailored program to meet its specific needs. Generally, a role is whatever
position an individual assumes in operation and responsibilities, on the other hand, are the
distinct activities one must carry out as a function of their roles. In this technological era, the
roles of managers are changing quite rapidly. Some day-day responsibilities of a manager
include daily operations, staffing, setting goals for the business, liaising, administration,
delegation, to motivate, enforcing policy, training, and evaluation.
As a manager, it is their primary duty to ensure the daily functioning of a department or group of
employees. During Staffing most employers expect their managers to interview, hire, and train
new employees for the job. A manager must be able to articulate both short and long-term goals
to ensure companies longevity. Although a manager typically oversees a group of employees,
managers also effectively communicate their bosses and convey the necessary information to
the various company parties. As for delegation, effective managers of confidence in their
employees and delegate tasks according to the Department's Needs & Wants. boss and leader
and a manager motivate staff and create an environment where employees thrive. managers
also enforce company policy to cultivate an environment that makes employees hold one
another accountable for their actions. deer training if new technologies our systems are
introduced to business employers turn to managers to train employees. encourage satisfactory
work, managers evaluate data and employee performance. Some responsibilities for team
leaders for building an effective team, on the other hand, are to build trust, a leader must be
able to trust each member of their team and in turn, the team members must be able to trust
their team leader. It is never good to compromise a team's trust in doing tasks that are beyond
their skill level. In any business communication is a must, you can't expect your team to
understand and execute a task without clearly communicating your goals and objectives as a
leader. Thirdly, as a leader, you must be able to delegate responsibilities as you see fit. Teams
fail when members lack the time and resources required to complete an assignment. Also, team
members must know that you have confidence in your ability to complete a task because if you
don't have any confidence so will the team members so it is important to build self-efficacy. For
example, if an employee feels uneasy about his role on the team, it is great to consider pairing
him with a high-performing peer.

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It is important to note that leaders create Vision well managers focus on function. A Leader's
role is to provide guidance instruction Direction and Leadership to a group of individuals while
Managerial roles include Interpersonal, informational, decisional. In conclusion, it can be said
that a manager and a leader are somewhat alike. I do believe a leader is Is more prepared to
drive performance in the 21st century.

iii. How might the increased use of technology in traditionally people-facing and
people-focused service industries like travel and tourism result in changes to leadership
and management roles and styles. Drawing on Lewin, differentiate the ways that the
leadership styles might have different impact and results on the people in RYDE
Organisation and the business performance.

As one of the ‘world-class’ leadership development consultants working for Ryde South Florida,
I will be creating a tailored program to meet its specific needs. Technology has come a long way
today, digital technology has revolutionized the way businesses conducts in the service
industry. Over 20 years of digital technology has dramatically changed traditional business
models and transform business activities. Advancing technology produced high-speed internet,
the use of mobile technology, and other types of amazing Electronics & Gadgets, the meaning
of which exist because of the internet. In the past planning a holiday involved a visit to the local
travel agent or use of the guidebook are more daring Travelodge who's traveling agendas are
based on reliable word-of-mouth recommendations. Today, Travelers are booking their own
flight and hotels online and through brother dissemination of information, have the options to
stay in stranger's house rather than traditional accommodations in hotels and Inns. Travelers
can also search online reviews for businesses before making the buying decision.
Kurt Lewin how to identify three styles of leadership Behaviour, these styles are the
authoritarian, participative, and delegative. The Authoritarian is sometimes called the autocratic
Style. This is where leaders understand goals, deadlines, and methods while making decisions
on their own with little or no consultation with others. the participative style is sometimes called
the Democratic Style. This leader expresses his or her priorities and values in setting goals and
making decisions but also takes part in the group to work on exit advice and suggestions from
colleagues. Delegative is sometimes called the letter says fair style. The leader abilities for
results to the group this leader let them set the goals and make their own decisions so they will
be at their own pace.