Physical
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Susmitha SusmiPhysical
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Susmitha Susmi = LG.r) Dag pin dt _ x [(a.7), Da P pe
: n.d .
JOU, p,0 a a
“item Seleg
cting:
(aig of selecting
vility 0!
‘random from the ensemble, the probab In hs ** ible but are not in general use. .
Eble are possibl
it | Ensemble. ‘An ensemble defined on the ergodic surface me
Tibrium, viz., (p/00),,p= 0, for any p which is a function 10) sts the
anonical
nergy alone.
me fot statistical equil
mp coe 1S
_ constant for E = Eo
p= 0 otherwise w(L)
yar density distribution is called the microcanonical ensemble,
astematically in Fig.Sa. :
NV
E
NV
E
NV
E
NV
E
NV
EJLE
Non-conducting
for heat walls <—
NV
E
NY TV) ev) INV) [NV
Elle ll elle
Microcanonical
ensemble
S (b)
ty ior
Menge 8 for the mj :
Shaded wally ae me ensemble. (b) Schematic lattice representation se he micros
non-conducting for heat and impermeable t0 all molecules.
Isolated system
(a) ited syat ple)
where 6 is the Dirac delt:
SS
Cx KE- &),
Pain
3 Cis ag Crp
ao on 0
fa function with the Propeny i,
$0) = J" B—2) Foy ap
where f(x) is an arbitrary well behaved function, In Particuta
r,
fSe-x) dr = 1
In fact, 5(v - x) = 0 except at x = x
As stated above, the microcanonical ensemble j
constant), because the energy of an isolated system
is constant. The microcanonical ensemble is shown
schematically in Fig. 5b,
'S appropriate . en,
PPropriate fo, "lated g,
Ste
‘
It is not possible to specify exactly the energy
of a system. We can, however, specify the energy
within a narrow range, say, between E and E+AE,
We can, then, select two neighbouring surfaces, one
at E and the other at E+AE. The phase point of a
conservative system always remains on the same
ergodic surface. In the phase space the representative
points of the ensemble can lie anywhere within a
“hyper shell’ defined by the condition :
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